Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main deficiency of rapid intra-operative histological diagnosis of bone tumours is the possibility of biopsy error. If this is avoided, rapid sections can be made from tumour biopsy specimens either with the simple freeze-microtome or a cryostat. The specially thin cryostat sections are particularly suitable for revealing cytological details and may be superior even to paraffin sections. On the other hand, cell-deficient tumours with a great deal of intercellular substance or carcinoma metastases can be diagnosed more reliably from usual frozen section than cryostat section. Considerable experience is required to avoid misdiagnosis. One of the most difficult problems is the diagnosis of chondromas of the long bones and the pelvis. The term "semimalignancy" is a suitable one for many forms of those giant-cell tumours which have special tendency towards recurrence even after years. Dangers and limitations of the rapid diagnosis of bone tumour are demonstrated most clearly on purely histomorphological assessment, without knowledge of history, clinical findings or X-ray diagnosis. This is especially striking in the case of fracture callus which may be misdiagnosed as osteosarcoma.
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PMID:[Rapid intra-operative histological diagnosis of bone tumours (author's transl)]. 26 29

Nine osteosarcoma cell lines, originally developed from six osteosarcoma tumours in five patients, and two cell lines of non-tumour origin (glia and fibroblast) were grown in vitro in the presence of human leukocyte interferon (L-IF). L-IF exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of growth in all these lines. The inhibitory activity displayed characteristics typical of interferons. Inhibition of cell growth occurred at a much lower L-IF concentration for the osteosarcoma than for the non-tumour-derived lines. Inhibition of tumour cell growth was observed at concentrations obtained in the serum of osteosarcoma patients treated with interferon.
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PMID:Effect of human leukocyte interferon on the growth of human osteosarcoma cells in tissue culture. 26 97

Human osteosarcoma (HOS) clonal cells transformed in vitro by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were characterized, and compared to non-producer HOS cells transformed by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV). The MNNG- and virus-transformed cells grew in the aggregate form above an agar base, grew in soft agar, and had a high fibrinolytic activity. When inoculated into nude mice, all the chemically or virally altered cells produced tumors or tumor nodules. When transplanted into ATS-treated hamsters, the cells transformed by MNNG (0.01 mug/ml) and Ki-MSV produced tumors but MNNG (0.1 mug/ml) transformed cells did not produce tumors. The control HOS cells did not grow in the aggregate form but formed colonies in soft agar, and had low fibrinolytic activity and no capacity to form tumors in nude mice and ATS-treated hamsters. However, one of the control clonal lines had a high level of fibrinolytic activity. Cellular aggregation properties of human transformed cells did appear to correlate with tumorigenicity in nude mice.
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PMID:Characterization of human cells transformed in vitro by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. 26 98

A clinicopathological review of 105 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst is reported. Age and sex distribution and localization were in agreement with two previously reported large series. Recurrence occurred in 30.5% of all the cases and in 34.2% of those treated by curettage. Proved incompleteness of surgical removal was an important factor in recurrence (12 out of 17 cases or 70.6%). The recurrence rate was significantly (P2 less than 0.01) higher in cases with a mitotic index of seven or more per 50 fields (X 750) than in those with a lower mitotic index. In relation to the recurrence rate, no statistically significant differences were found between the age groups less than or equal to 15 and greater than 15 years, between the combination age and lesion size, or between four localization groups. The cyst wall and the septa consist of a superficial layer of cellular fibroblastic and histiocytic tissue in which multinuclear giant cells are present, covering a deeper situated zone of less cellular fibrous tissue. This typical layered architecture was found at one or more places in 93 (88.6%) out of 105 cases. However, layered architecture may also be found in cases of teleangiectatic osteosarcoma. It is suggested that the group with a high risk of recurrence be treated more radically, i.e., with cryosurgery.
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PMID:Aneurysmal bone cysts: a clinicopathological study of 105 cases. 26 51

Parosteal osteosarcoma is a low-grade form of osteosarcoma that rarely affects the jaws. A case involving the maxilla of a 25-year-old man is presented, and four previously reported cases are reviewed.
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PMID:Parosteal osteosarcoma of the maxilla. 26 53

Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) was injected directly into the fetuses of Sprague-Dawley rats during the late stage of gestation and into the neonates within 24 hours after birth. Ninety rats developed 188 neoplastic lesions during the 8-week period of observation. Nearly all of the neoplasms were of mesenchymal derivation. Sixty percent of these neoplasms revealed more complex histologic features than those previously reported for neoplasms induced in rodents with M-MSV and were designated "malignant mesenchymoma" which developed preferentially in the proximal parts of the extremities, distant from the inoculation site. Rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma which developed in a pure form at the various sites were the next most common tumor type. Osteosarcoma developing in a pure form and as a component of malignant mesenchymoma in the humerus and femur was comparable to that of juxtacortical osteosarcoma of man; The development of excessive bones were observed in the forelimb and/or hind leg, suggesting a type of skeletal malformation. The reaction to M-MSV merits attention as a model for the study of an osteosarcoma and malignant mesenchymoma as well as rhabdomyosarcoma and also for the study of viral teratogenesis in man, as "rubella syndrome".
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PMID:Pathology of neoplasms and other lesions induced in rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus. 26 56

Two hundred forty-three patients who had pathologically verified primary osteosarcomas of bone, treated at The University of Texas System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute over a 24-year period, form the basis of this study. These cases provide a basis for comparison of those patients currently receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with those who did not receive such treatment. Anatomic findings in 54 cases subjected to complete postmortem examinations were analyzed. Three significant findings emerged: pulmonary metastases were observed in all but one case, lymph-node metastases were found in only four cases, and in all metastases the histologic pattern reproduced that of the primary lesion. In addition, patients less than 26 years old had a significantly earlier appearance of pulmonary metastases than patients past this age. Patients with osteoblastic tumors had the poorest survival rate, followed by those with chondroblastic lesions. Those with fibroblastic tumors survived longest. In the overall study of 243 cases, tumors in the distal end of the femur and the proximal end of the tibia accounted for 147 cases, representing 60.5% of the cases. The highest incidence of the tumor was in the second decade of life, with 76.5% of the cases occurring in patients less than 25 years old. Three-year survival for the series was 21.7%, with only 12.6% surviving five years. Persons with primary lesions in the facial bones had the highest survival rate. Those with lesions in the humerus, tibia, and distal end of the femur had decreasingly lower survival rates. The lowest survival rates were for patients with lesions of the torso. In the femoral cases, size was a factor in survival; no patient with a tumor larger than 10 cm survived longer than five years. The surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy employed--individually or in combination--did not alter appreciably the mortality rate for this tumor; only 12.6% of the patients survived five years or longer. Survivals were directly attributable to surgical procedures, including resection of pulmonary metastases. The data analyzed in this study provide a firm baseline of experience in analyzing results of treatment for osteosarcoma prior to the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, which is currently producing a vastly improved therapeuttic response.
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PMID:Primary osteosarcoma of bone. Clinicopathologic investigation of 243 cases, with necropsy studies in 54. 26 60

This study was undertaken to find out if there are any factors of prognostic significance that can help the surgeon in the management of osteogenic sarcoma. One hundred and thirty-nine cases of osteogenic sacrocma were treated during a 30-year period and their survival figures have been analysed with respect to age, sex, extent of disease, previous treatment, and value of lymphadenectomy. We found that patients in whom the lymph nodes were preserved had a better survival as compared to patients in whom the lymph nodes were removed en bloc with the primary tumour. This further supports our contention that the regional lymph nodes have an important role to play in the immune response against osteosarcoma. The experimental work of the cytotoxic action of regional lymph node cells against osteosarcoma cell lines has been studied in our laboratory. The results of this study stimulated us to undertake this retrospective analysis.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of the regional lymph nodes in osteosarcoma. 26 34

The eradication of microfoci of metastatic osteosarcoma by adjuvant chemotherapy permits the surgeon to take a more conservative approach to amputation and to more aggressively resect metastases. In a series of 59 children with osteosarcoma of an extremity, transmedullary amputation carried no greater risk of stump recurrence than either disarticulation or amputation above the joint. We attribute this to careful selection of the level of amputation by use of preoperative bone scans, intraoperative frozen sections of bone stump and intensive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Immediate application of a prosthetic limb has enhanced the physical and emotional rehabilitation of these patients. Resections of pulmonary metastases in 12 patients who were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy has resulted in a median tumor-free survival of 17 mo, with 3 patients still alive without disease for 13, 25, and 72 mo. A more aggressive approach to the resection of pulmonary metastases may substantially improve current rates of tumor-free survival.
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PMID:Transmedullary amputation and resection of metastases in combined therapy of osteosarcoma. 26 97

Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assay was done in 30 patients with osteosarcoma. CEA was found positive (greater 2.5 ng/ml) in 17 of 21 patients who had active evidence of disease and negative (less than 2.5 ng/ml) in all 9 patients who were in complete remission resulting from previous amputation of chemotherapy. Serial CEA determinations demonstrated a fall to normal in 7 of 9 patients following successful surgery of chemotherapy and a ruse and fall (fluctuation) of levels in 8 patients who had tumor progression while on chemotherapy. Clinical recurrence of disease in two instances preceded or coincied with CEA elevation. The CEA assay in osteosarcoma although non-specific could be used as an inportant adjunct to experienced clinical judgment, periodic x-ray examination, and laboratory study to prognosticate the course of osteosarcoma during therapy. The interpretation of a rising or falling CEA titer alone, however, must be made with caution.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in osteosarcoma. 26 37


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