Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC was used in 102 evaluable patients under 15 years of age who had previously treated metastatic solid tumors. Responses, defined as 50% or more reduction in all tumor masses, occurred in 10 out of 27 patients with neuroblastoma, 3 out of 8 patients with Wilms tumor, 7 out 15 patients with Ewing sarcoma, 2 out of 6 patients with osteosarcoma, 5 out of 13 patients with rhabdomyosarcoma, and 15 out of 33 patients with miscellaneous tumors which included a patient who had a complete regression of an extensive juvenile angiofibroma. Response rate to combination chemotherapy with adriamycin and DTIC in patients with Ewing sarcoma was significantly superior to the response rate obtained with adriamycin alone in another Southwest Oncology Group Study. Major toxicity included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (5 patients) and congestive heart failure (4 patients). There was 7 drug-associated deaths due to sepsis (1), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (4), and congestive heart failure (2).
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with adramycin (NSC-123127) and dimethyl triazeno imidazole carboxamide (DTIC) (NSC-45388) in children with metastatic solid tumors. 95 60

The chemotherapeutic approach to advanced sarcomas of bone and soft tissue is reviewed. The most active single agents against osteosarcoma are doxorubicin (overall response rate, 21%), methotrexate (30% to 40%), cisplatin (25%), and ifosfamide (28%). Current multimodality treatment for Ewing's sarcoma consists of combination chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide (or ifosfamide in current trials) prior to and concurrent with radiation therapy for the involved bone. In soft tissue sarcomas, doxorubicin is the most active single agent, with overall response rates ranging from 15% to 35%. Dacarbazine has a single-agent response rate of 16%. Ifosfamide has documented activity in sarcoma patients who have failed treatment with doxorubicin-containing regimens. The combination regimen currently producing the highest response rates in soft-tissue sarcomas is doxorubicin/dacarbazine/ifosfamide. Doxorubicin and dacarbazine should be administered by continuous infusion to reduce the severity of nausea and vomiting and the risk of cardiotoxicity. Ifosfamide can be given by continuous infusion or in divided doses with mesna to mitigate urothelial toxicity.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of advanced sarcomas of bone and soft tissue. 148 69

As the adjuvant chemotherapy of osteosarcoma has been proved highly effective, that of soft tissue sarcoma has been expecting. However, there is still some question as to its effectiveness. The indication and methods were studied on literatures and our own cases. A survey of the literature regarding to the chemotherapeutic effect upon advanced soft tissue sarcoma shows response rate ranging 20 to 50 per cent. On the other hand, soft tissue sarcoma has a variety of histological type and malignancy and the sensitivity to chemotherapy varies considerably according to each tissue type. The literatures and our results indicate that most effective sarcoma is rhabdomyosarcoma, which is absolutely advisable to apply adjuvant chemotherapy. The same is the sarcoma with similar histological pattern. As to other type sarcomas, the therapy has to be applied according to their grade, stage, age and the effect of chemotherapy evaluated by advanced tumor. Most prevalent agents used for soft tissue sarcoma are adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, actinomycin-D, vincristine and DTIC. These agents usually used as combination called VAC, CYVADACT, CYVADIC, BCD.
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PMID:[Adjuvant chemotherapy of soft tissue sarcoma]. 230 50

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor of children and adolescents. The peak incidence of the disease is in the 15 to 19 year age group. The disease is more commonly seen in males than females. While several factors, including exposure to radiation, genetic disorders such as retinoblastoma, and high rate of bone growth, have been associated with osteosarcoma, in most cases no definite etiology can be established. Osteosarcoma usually originates in the metaphyseal region of long bones and extends through the cortex, causing varying degrees of bone destruction and expansion of periosteum. The radiographic appearance caused by this process is often referred to as "sun burst" sign. Positive diagnosis of osteosarcoma is made by histopathology. The histopathological classification of osteosarcoma can also predict the degree of aggressive behavior of this tumor and thus has prognostic significance. Surgery, including amputation or limb-salvage procedure, is the mainstay of treatment of osteosarcoma. It is now unequivocally established that adjuvant chemotherapy will prolong the survival of patients with this disease. Chemotherapy agents often used include platinum derivates, methotrexate, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, actinomycin D, bleomycin and DTIC. Depending on surgical decision, these agents can be used prior to or after the operation. Immediate fitting with prosthesis and provision of appropriate medical and psychological support in the care of these patients is essential.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma. 329 Aug 15

A human tumor xenograft model using pharmacologically immunosuppressed mice was assessed for its suitability to test preclinically the sensitivity of colorectal carcinomas, bone sarcomas and melanomas against anticancer agents. Besides ionizing radiation, 14 cytotoxic drugs including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), dimethylmyleran (DMM), cytosine arabinoside, cyclophosphamide, melphalan, BCNU, mitomycin C, adriamycin, bleomycin, etoposide, vinblastine, cisplatin, procarbazine and DTIC were assayed. Ionizing radiation, 5-FU and DMM were also applied at lethal doses followed by bone-marrow rescue heavy therapy. Four colon carcinomas responded poorly to most of the agents but one tumor displayed marked sensitivity to BCNU. Lethal doses of radiation, 5-FU and DMM could also show considerable activity. High sensitivity was shown by a Ewing sarcoma to DMM and cyclophosphamide and by an osteosarcoma to the latter drug. No strong effects were seen against melanomas. Lethal doses of DMM induced the best regression of one colon carcinoma. In general, the superiority of heavy therapy for solid human tumors compared to maximally tolerated doses was demonstrated. Individual carcinomas of the same type displayed different drug sensitivity.
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PMID:Xenografts in pharmacologically immunosuppressed mice as a model to test the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of human tumors. 345 87

Sarcomas of childhood rank fifth in incidence of malignant tumors in children younger than 15 years. Among the soft tissue sarcomas, approximately 50% are rhabdomyosarcomas. The remainder represent a heterogeneous group of diverse sarcomas which are not unique to children and include fibrosarcoma, synoviosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant schwannoma, angiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and others. The most common bone cancers in childhood are osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Although a multidisciplinary approach utilizing surgery, irradiation, and combination chemotherapy is routinely used in management of virtually all children with solid tumors, the value of adjuvant chemotherapy in select bone and rare soft tissue sarcomas is currently being tested. Multiagent chemotherapy including vincristine, dactinomycin, cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) contribute to cure rates in 65% to 75% of children with localized rhabdomyosarcoma, Stages I to III, when combined with surgery and/or irradiation. Other drugs which hold promise include platinum, DTIC, methotrexate, and VP-16. The efficacy of similar drugs in the rarer pediatric soft tissue sarcomas other than rhabdomyosarcoma and its variants requires prospective randomized trials evaluating histologic grade, tumor size, and nodal status. It has been suggested that the high-grade sarcomas presenting with minimal tumor bulk are most sensitive to combined radiotherapy-chemotherapy, whereas the low-grade sarcomas are more resistant to such therapy. Tumor cell heterogeneity contributes to biologic diversity and response to treatment. Chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy to irradiation is currently recommended and utilized for Ewing's sarcoma with survival rates approaching 80%, and disease-free survival of approximately 75% for those with localized disease. Children with widespread and metastatic disease at presentation fare less well. Although multiple single agents exhibit response rates ranging from 40% to 60%, including cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin, dactinomycin, BCNU, mithramycin, and 5-fluorouracil, new and more effective agents are needed. Controversy regarding the value of multiagent chemotherapy in osteosarcoma has stimulated prospective randomized trials. Evaluation of local control rates as well as sites and occurrence of metastases are essential in assessing the contribution of aggressive combined modality therapy in the pediatric sarcomas. Emphasis on refinement of therapy in determining the risk/benefit ratio from adjuvant chemotherapy in pediatric sarcomas is mandatory. Enhancement of early local reactions is apparent when adjuvant chemotherapy is used with local radiotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:The value of adjuvant chemotherapy in the management of sarcomas in children. 388 37

Twenty-three patients with disseminated bony sarcoma and 23 patients with malignant mesothelioma were evaluable in a Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) clinical trial utilizing rubidazone and DTIC. One partial remission (PR) was observed in a previously untreated patient with metastatic Ewing's sarcoma. One patient with giant cell tumor of bone had an improvement, short of PR. Thirteen patients with osteogenic sarcoma and 23 with malignant mesothelioma had no response to this combination of drugs. The major toxic effects of therapy included nausea, vomiting, and myelosuppression, especially leukopenia; no cardiac toxicity was noted. We conclude that the combination of rubidazone and DTIC is inactive in bony sarcoma and mesothelioma.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy for advanced sarcomas of bone and mesothelioma utilizing rubidazone and DTIC: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 683 8

From December 1973 to november 1978, 31 patients with osteosarcoma were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and DTIC. 11 out of 19 patients with localized osteosarcoma are alive with no evidence of disease, 14+ to 40+ months after initiation of adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy. The probability of relapse-free survival for this group was calculated as 62% at 2 years and 48% at 3 years. Considering the 15 patients with osteosarcoma of the limbs relapse-free survival will be 79% at 2 years and 62% at 3 years. In 10 of 11 patients with no relapse the primary tumor has been located in the metaphysis of the proximal tibia or the distal femur. All patients with osteosarcoma of the trunk have died from metastases. Most of the 12 patients with metastasizing osteosarcoma died within one year after onset of chemotherapy. In none of these patients a complete remission could be achieved. For patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy results are comparable with those reported by other investigators. In patients with disseminated osteosarcoma alternative chemotherapy regimens including adriamycin, cis-dichloro-diammine-platinum and ifosfamide may prove superior. In a pilot-study using vincristine-adriamycin-DDP or ifosfamide-DDP response to chemotherapy was noted in 4 out of 7 patients with two continuing complete remissions for 13+ and 5 1/2+ months, respectively.
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PMID:[Results of cytostatic therapy with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, adriamycin and DTIC (CYVADIC) in localized and metastasized osteosarcoma. A retrospective analysis]. 699 10