Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bio-interfaces such as bio-membranes are of outmost importance for a variety of live processes. Among them are cell-interactions which take place in, on or through cell membranes. Therefore we propose to cover metallic surfaces with phospholipids to facilitate cell-material interaction. Four lipids, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), 1-palmitoyl-2- oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-L-serine] (POPS) and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (POPG), were applied to four metallic growth substrates with different surface structure, roughness and porosity. The interaction of the osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 was investigated in terms of cell adhesion and viability (MTT (methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide) assay). While POPS in general had a negative influence, the most suitable combination in terms of viability per adherent MG-63 is the coating of porous Ti6Al4V material with the phospholipids POPE or POPC. The analysis of viability of mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 and their tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) release showed that the adhesion and viability is worst on POPS while the TNF-alpha release was highest. To elucidate the potential of phospholipids to prevent or support bacterial growth, the bacterial number of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria was investigated. For lipid concentrations higher than 1 mM in solution a growth stimulating effect independent of the lipid type was detected. On a lipid coated surface the number of bacteria was reduced by 81%, 74% and 51% for POPC, POPG and POPE.
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PMID:Phospholipids as implant coatings. 1732 71

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been shown to exert inhibitory effects on many types of malignant tumors and several groups have suggested that COX-2 inhibitors enhance the cytotoxic effects of other anti-cancer agents. We previously reported that meloxicam has an anti-tumorigenic effect on COX-2-expressing osteosarcoma cells. In the current study, we evaluated the synergy between meloxicam and cisplatin (CDDP), doxorubicin (DXR) and 4-hydroperoxy ifosfamide (4OOH-IFM), using the human osteosarcoma cell line, MG-63. Cytotoxicity was determined using 3-(4,5'-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5'-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, and isobolographic analysis was used to evaluate any synergy. Apoptotic activity was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and by evaluating Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels using real-time RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Cell cycling was evaluated by flow cytometry. The cytotoxic effects of CDDP and DXR were enhanced synergistically in the presence of meloxicam and were partially due to an increase in apoptosis. By contrast, meloxicam enhanced neither the cytotoxic nor the apoptotic activity of 4OOH-IFM. Combining meloxicam with DXR significantly up-regulated Bax expression, whereas it down-regulated Bcl-2 expression in combination with CDDP. Furthermore, the number of cells in the G2/M phase was significantly increased in DXR-treated samples by the addition of meloxicam, but not in CDDP-treated or 4OOH-IFM-treated samples. These results suggest a potential clinical application of meloxicam in combination with cytotoxic drugs in patients with COX-2-positive osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Synergistic effects of meloxicam and conventional cytotoxic drugs in human MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. 1739 21

Purpose. The antimicrobial effect of a silver-coated tumor endoprosthesis has been proven in clinical and experimental trials. However, in the literature there are no reports concerning the effect of elementary silver on osteoblast behaviour. Therefore, the prosthetic stem was not silver-coated because of concerns regarding a possible inhibition of the osseointegration. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 5-25 mg of elementary silver in comparison to Ti-6Al-4V on human osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS-58, SAOS). Methods. Cell viability was determined by measuring the MTT proliferation rate. Cell function was studied by measuring alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and osteocalcine production. Results. In the HOS-58 cells, the AP activity was statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher at a supplement of 5-10 mg of silver than of Ti-6 Al-4V at the same doses. For both cell lines, a supplement above 10 mg of silver resulted in a reduced AP activity in comparision to the Ti-6 Al-4V group, but a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed at a dose of 25 mg for the SAOS cells only. At doses of 20-25 mg in the HOS-58 cells and 10-25 mg in the SAOS cells, the reduction of the proliferation rate by silver was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared to the Ti-6 Al-4V supplement. Discussion. In conclusion, elementary silver exhibits no cytotoxicity at low concentrations. In contrast, it seems to be superior to Ti-6 Al-4V concerning the stimulation of osteogenic maturation at these concentrations, whereas at higher doses it causes the known cytotoxic properties.
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PMID:The influence of elementary silver versus titanium on osteoblasts behaviour in vitro using human osteosarcoma cell lines. 1768 31

One of the crucial roles of tumor extracellular matrix is to act as a barrier to drug delivery. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the formation of tumor extracellular matrix and the efficiency of intracellular uptake of oligonucleotides in human osteosarcoma cell lines, HOS, and MG-63. Oligonucleotides used in this study were nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) decoy, which might be a therapeutic tool for neoplasms. Pericellular matrix formation was examined by particle exclusion assay. Cellular uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled NF-kappaB decoy was evaluated by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Effects of NF-kappaB decoy on cell viability and cell cycle arrest in MG-63 cells were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. MG-63 cells exhibited abundant pericellular matrix with time compared with HOS cells. Uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled NF-kappaB decoy decreased in MG-63 cells with time but not in HOS cells in both monolayer and three-dimensional culture using matrigel. However, after enzymatic removal of pericellular matrix, the uptake markedly recovered in MG-63 cells. NF-kappaB decoy inhibited cell proliferation and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in MG-63 cells. These results suggest that abundant pericellular matrix might disturb the uptake of NF-kappaB decoy, and modification of pericellular matrix composition would increase the efficacy of exogenous oligonucleotides treatment for neoplasms.
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PMID:Pericellular matrix formation alters the efficiency of intracellular uptake of oligonucleotides in osteosarcoma cells. 1853 89

Two platinum(IV) complexes (OC-6-33)-dichlorido(ethane-1,2-diamine)dihydroxidoplatinum(IV) and (OC-6-33)-diammine(dichlorido)dihydroxidoplatinum(IV) were carboxylated using demethylcantharidin as carboxylation agent. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, multinuclear (1H, 13C, 15N, and 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy, and, in case of (OC-6-33)-diamminebis(3-carboxy-7exo-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylato)dichloridoplatinum(IV) via X-ray diffraction. Cytotoxicity of the complexes was studied in seven human cancer cell lines representing five tumor entities, i.e., ovarian carcinoma (CH1, SK-OV-3), cervical carcinoma (HeLa), colon carcinoma (SW480, HCT-116), osteosarcoma (U-2 OS), and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep G2) by means of the MTT (=3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium hydrobromide) assay.
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PMID:Novel endothall-containing platinum(IV) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxic activity. 1897 39

In an effort to study the interaction between MSCs and osteosarcoma, we established an animal model of primary osteosarcoma in nude mice using Saos-2 cells. hMSCs, labeled with adv-GFP, were injected through the caudal vein. We observed that exogenous hMSCs targeted the osteosarcoma site and promoted its growth and pulmonary metastasis in vivo. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we employed transwell, neutralization antibody and MTT assays in vitro. hMSCs migrated toward the conditioned medium from Saos-2 cells, and SDF-1 was involved in this migration. Likewise, Saos-2 cells migrated toward the conditioned medium from hMSCs and CCL5 played an important role in this migration. Furthermore, proliferation of Saos-2 cells was enhanced by the conditioned medium from hMSCs and CCL5 was at least partly responsible for this enhancement.
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PMID:Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) target osteosarcoma and promote its growth and pulmonary metastasis. 1934 58

In the present study, series of Zn incorporated calcium sulfate bone cements, with different amounts of doped Zn(0, 0.74, 1.97, 3.05, 4.21 wt %) were prepared by mixing a calcium sulfate hemihydrate powder and solutions of zinc sulfate, and the effect of zinc-doping on some physical, physico-chemical, and biological properties of the cements were investigated. Pure calcium sulfate cement was also made as control, with the mentioned powder and distilled water as liquid phase. The initial setting time and compressive strength of the cement significantly changed from 17 min and 3.2 MPa for the pure calcium sulfate to 6 min and 6 MPa for the Zn-added calcium sulfate, respectively. Compared to pure calcium sulfate, more gypsum precipitates were formed in the zinc sulfate added samples with a morphology of thin, elongated, and rod-shaped crystals. The biological properties of the samples were analyzed in the terms of cell viability and cell activity on human osteosarcoma (G-292) using MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the cell culture medium. The best increased cell density and ALP activity were achieved for the calcium sulfate cement with a content of 0.74 wt % Zn, whereas a toxic behavior was observed for the samples with Zn concentrations more than 1.97%.
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PMID:Physico-chemical and in vitro biological study of zinc-doped calcium sulfate bone substitute. 1935 60

Glucocorticoids are often used in veterinary cancer patients because of their anti-inflammatory actions, appetite-stimulating effects, ability to decrease nausea and vomiting associated with some chemotherapy agents, and, in some instances, for their cytotoxic actions on susceptible tumour cells. Veterinary oncologists may not consider the possibility that the use of glucocorticoids may adversely affect response to chemotherapy. There is evidence that glucocorticoids can up-regulate the expression of multidrug resistance genes in some tissues. Whether or not glucocorticoid-induced expression of multidrug resistance proteins occurs in tumour cells is not presently known. The purpose of this study was to determine if dexamethasone induces P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) in tumour cell lines. A canine osteosarcoma cell line (OS2.4) and a human myeloid leukaemia cell line 60 (HL60) were treated in culture with dexamethasone. The presence of a glucocorticoid receptor was confirmed in both cell lines by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Western blots for P-gp and MRP1 expression were performed on vehicle-treated and dexamethasone-treated cells. Sensitivity towards several chemotherapeutic drugs (cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum), doxorubicin, methotrexate and vincristine) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimthylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. While dexamethasone treatment of OS2.4 cells increased the resistance to cisplatin and methotrexate, an increase in P-gp or MRP1 expression was not observed. Dexamethasone-treated HL60 cells did not develop chemoresistance and did not show increased expression of P-gp or MRP1.
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PMID:Dexamethasone treatment of a canine, but not human, tumour cell line increases chemoresistance independent of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-related protein expression. 1937 18

Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin is a commonly studied biomaterial for tissue-engineering applications due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity, antibacterial activity, wound healing ability and haemostatic properties. However, chitosan has poor mechanical strength due to which its applications in orthopedics are limited. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a natural inorganic component of bone and teeth and has mechanical strength and osteoconductive property. In this work, HAp was deposited on the surface of chitosan hydrogel membranes by a wet chemical synthesis method by alternatively soaking the membranes in CaCl(2) (pH 7.4) and Na(2)HPO(4) solutions for different time intervals. These chitosan hydrogel-HAp membranes were characterized using SEM, AFM, EDS, FT-IR and XRD analyses. MTT assay was done to evaluate the biocompatibility of these membranes using MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. The biocompatibility studies suggest that chitosan hydrogel-HAp composite membranes can be useful for tissue-engineering applications.
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PMID:Wet chemical synthesis of chitosan hydrogel-hydroxyapatite composite membranes for tissue engineering applications. 1944 53

In the present study, bioceramic composites with improved mechanical and biological properties were synthesized by sintering mixtures of beta-tricalcium phosphate and SiO(2)-CaO-MgO-P(2)O(5) sol-gel derived bioactive glass at 1000-1200 degrees C. The physical, mechanical, structural and biological properties of the composites were evaluated by appropriate experiments such as microhardness, bending strength, XRD, SEM and MTT. The results showed that 1000 and 1100 degrees C were not appropriate temperatures for sintering the composites and in contrast, the microhardness, bending strength and bulk density significantly increased by increasing in quantity of bioglass phase when the samples were sintered at 1200 degrees C. No significant difference was found between the fracture toughness of the composites and pure beta-tricalcium phosphate. beta-tricalcium phosphate was structurally stable up to 1200 degrees C and did not transform to its alpha form even in the presence of the bioglass phase but migration of magnesium cations from the glass composition into its lattice structure was found by right-shift in XRD patterns, especially when the composite contained higher amount of bioglass component. Calcium silicate was also crystallized in the composition of the composites, which was more detectable in higher sintering temperatures. The results of the MTT test showed that proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells on the composites was considerably better than that of pure beta-TCP.
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PMID:Composite bone substitute materials based on beta-tricalcium phosphate and magnesium-containing sol-gel derived bioactive glass. 1946 30


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