Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glycosidases capable of degrading intercellular matrix components were investigated in a 32P induced rat osteosarcoma. Homogenates of ossifying tumour were shown to readily degrade hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphates 4 and 6 but not dermatan sulphate. High levels of the exoglycosidases, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found in tumour homogenates, and it was demonstrated that these enzymes contribute to the degradation of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. The levels of these enzymes were compared with activities found in homogenates of neonatal bone and muscle surrounding tumours. Exoglycosidases, but not hyaluronidase, were found to be produced by cultures of osteosarcoma in vitro.
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PMID:Endo- and exoglycosidases in an experimental rat osteosarcoma. 27 64

A new technique was applied to the study of human osteosarcoma. Ten slices of 10 micron were cut serially from 2 X 2 X 6 mm shock frozen blocks of human osteosarcoma for chemical analysis. Before and after each series of 10 slices, one slice of 10 micron was separated for morphological analysis. Four different types of osteosarcoma were investigated: Case 1 was an atypical osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma, case 3 a well-differentiated parosteal osteosarcoma grade I, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities were analysed as well as matrix collagen and hexosamine, phosphorus (Pi and Po), protein, DNA, and water content. In accordance with the morphology, the obtained data illustrate the great heterogeneity of osteosarcomas. Although case 1, 2 and 3 all represent calcifying types of the tumor, characteristic differences exist with regard to the matrix and the degree of calcification. In contrast to these three, case 4 presents a noncalcified type of osteosarcoma whose matrix contains relatively high amounts of hexosamine and low amounts of collagen, whereas DNA and water contents are high. The data from the analysis of osteosarcoma were compared with previous results from the calf epiphyseal growth plate in order to define differences and similarities between the formation of tumor bone and the physiological formation of hard tissue.
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PMID:Biological characterization of human bone tumors. IV. Combined biochemical and histological analyses of different osteosarcomas. 386 64

Human osteosarcoma specimens were sliced in a cryomicrotome under strict morphological guidance. Serial sections of ten 10 micron slices each were collected in two groups according to morphologic criteria, one containing mostly undifferentiated tumor tissue, the other predominantly well-differentiated tumor tissue. The two series were analysed chemically for alkaline phosphatase (APase) acid phosphatase (acPase), beta-glucuronidase and proteolytic activities; protein, phosphorus, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, water and collagen contents were also determined. Four different types of osteosarcoma were studied: case 1 was a highly malignant osteoblastic osteosarcoma, case 2 a small cell sclerosing osteosarcoma case 3 a well-differentiated osteosarcoma, and case 4 a highly malignant anaplastic osteosarcoma. The types of cases 1, 2 and 3 are known as osteoid-forming tumors. In their less well differentiated areas APase activity was about twice as high as in better differentiated osteosarcoma. In contrast, no APase was found in the wholly undifferentiated areas of case 4, while the enzyme showed a marked increase in the areas of incipient differentiation of this tumor. The matrix of tumors differs with regard to collagen and hexosamine contents, in accordance with the general state of differentiation. In general, increasing hexosamine contents together with decreasing hydroxyproline contents will reflect the anaplastic, dedifferentiated osteosarcoma. Calcification evident in the better differentiated areas of osteosarcoma is indicated by the phosphorus content, highest in case 2, with cases 3, 1, and 4 following in sequential order.
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PMID:Biological characterization of human bone tumors. V. Zonal characterization of osteosarcoma: topological biochemical analysis correlated with morphology. 390 6

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on bone tumors. 629 58

Animal models of osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis which retain metastatic capacity and osteoid formation after serial passages have been reported infrequently. In this communication we describe some biological features of a transplantable osteosarcoma, Os515, induced by BK-virus in Syrian golden hamsters. The subcutaneously transplanted tumours in 2-week-old animals grew progressively until death, with a mean survival time of 32 days. Distant metastases occurred only in the lungs in all animals. The histological appearance was osteosarcoma of osteoblastic type. Enzyme-histochemical staining showed alkaline phosphatase activity in many cells and beta-glucuronidase activity in few cells. Tumours transplanted intramuscularly in the hind limbs were amputated radically at 5 or 11 days. A small number of animals died from lung metastases without local relapse during the observation period of 140 days after grafting. All the control hamsters bearing unamputated tumours died much earlier. Necropsy revealed large metastatic nodules in the lungs of limb-amputated animals and small diffuse nodules in the lungs of untreated control animals. The development of lung metastases was monitored by soft X-ray without sacrificing the animals. This model will be useful in studies of mechanisms of metastasis and for the experimental treatment of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:An experimental transplantable osteosarcoma with spontaneous pulmonary metastasis in hamsters. 814 74