Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cyclic chemotherapy scheme OS I/75 was tried in 6 patients with newly diagnosed osteosarcoma and in 3 patients with secondary metastases. The treatment consists of high dose methotrexate, followed by citrovorum-factor rescue, doxorubicine (Adriblastin) and cyclophosphamide (Endoxan). All 6 primary patients are in a continuous remission of 6+ to 21+ months (median 12+ months). The length of remission in the patients with metastases is 5.5+ and 8+ months. The haematological side effects led to an average prolongation of the cycle by 11 days in a planned cycle duration of 42 days. However, they were readily manageable. Among the other side effects two cases of Adriblastin myocardiopathy are remarkable which became apparent after methotrexate and ifosfamide. In order to improve possibilities for treatment regional centralisation of patient care and interdisciplinary and supraregional cooperation of treatment centres are necessary. A prospective treatment programme has been developed for the Federal Republic of Germany and Austria.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of osteosarcoma (author's transl)]. 30 80

Recently, it has been revealed that anticancer effects are increased by the inhibition of DNA repair of cancer cells. Methylxanthine is the drug which block DNA repair. In this study we discussed the combined effects of CDDP and caffeine or pentoxifylline using human osteosarcoma cells (OST strain). When 2 mM caffeine was added before 1 hr exposure of CDDP or caffeine and CDDP was added simultaneously for 1 hr, no synergistic effect was shown. On the other hand, marked synergistic growth inhibition was observed when caffeine or pentoxifylline was added continuously after 1 hr exposure of CDDP. The addition of caffeine from 24 hr to 48 hr after 1 hr exposure of CDDP also showed synergistic effects as the doubling time of OST cells was about 30 hrs. Further more we treated three patients with advanced osteosarcomas by the combination of CDDP, ADM, and caffeine (p.o.) or that of CDDP and caffeine. A nine-year-old boy with multicentric osteosarcoma treated by the combination of CDDP, ADM, and caffeine showed partial response, and caffeine did not increase the side effects of anticancer agents. Hence the study on overcoming drug resistance by the inhibition of DNA repair will be promising.
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PMID:[DNA repair and drug resistance: enhancement of the effects of anticancer agents by DNA repair inhibitors]. 270 88

By methods of human osteosarcoma cell culture in vitro, 3H-TdR isotope incorporation, gas chromatography and animal test, experimental observations were made on acrylic bone cement containing antitumor drugs. The results were as follows: 1. BLMA5, DACT, Ara-c, CDDP, and ADM were more thermostable. It is possible that these drugs can endure the polymerizing heat of bone cement. 2. The effective release of BLMA5, Ara-c and DACT from bone cement persisted over 2 months. 3. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that drug particles in the bone cement decreased or disappeared after immersion of the cement in tissue culture medium or implantation of it in animal bones. This shows that drug particles can be released from bone cement in vitro or in vivo 4. Animal experimental demonstrated that the bone cement containing BLMA5 or Ara-c had no effect on the healing of soft tissue, and the injury in local bone and bone marrow adjacent to the bone cement was slight and could recover in 4-8 weeks. 5. The release of residual monomer from polymerized bone cement continued as long as one month. Although the residual monomer inhibited the growth of tumor cells slightly during the early stage, it was far from being as effective as medicated bone cement.
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PMID:[Experimental observations on acrylic bone cement containing antitumor drugs]. 277 56

In this study we reviewed cases of osteosarcoma, malignant lymphoma of bone and Ewing's sarcoma. Historically, osteosarcoma was unresponsive to chemotherapy. Most patients were treated by radiation or amputation alone and 80% of them died from pulmonary metastasis within 2 years. Five-year survival rate was 13%. Introduction of ADM, HD-MTX and CDDP improved dramatically the prognosis of these cases. Five-year survival rate was 60%. On the other hand, 11 cases of malignant lymphoma of bone and 4 cases of Ewing's sarcoma were treated by radiation with no local recurrence. VEPA or CHOP chemotherapy was used for the former with a five-year survival rate of 45%. For the latter, T-11 protocol (Rosen) was applied, and all patients survive with no metastasis. Other organ injuries circulatory disturbance, bone necrosis and growth-disturbance of bone in radiotherapy, myocardiopathy caused by ADM and renal toxicity of CDDP are all problematic.
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PMID:[Efficacy and problems of radio- and chemo-combination therapy for malignant bone tumors]. 316 80

The primary site of metastasis of osteosarcoma is the lung. In the past, even if the primary lesion was completely removed by radical surgery, more than 90% of patients of died pulmonary metastasis with in one to two years. Control of osteosarcoma therefore depends upon the prevention and treatment of its pulmonary metastasis. The introduction of chemotherapy consisting mainly of Adriamycin and high-dose methotrexate with Leucovorin rescue, dramatically improved the prognosis of osteosarcoma. In the past where systemic chemotherapy was not available, the five-year survival rate was around 19%. The majority of patients developed bilateral pulmonary metastasis within one year after onset, and died. These patients exhibited numerous micro-metastases as well. In patients receiving surgical adjuvant chemotherapy with current combination of chemotherapeutic agents (ADM, HD-MTX, VCR, CPM, CDDP), the incidence of pulmonary metastasis was low, and the five-year survival rate increased to 65%. In patients who receive chemotherapy, pulmonary metastasis may be either delayed, a single metastasis appearing after the termination of treatment, or early and multiple, appearing resistant to treatment. Surgery is indicated in the former situation while some therapeutic system must be devised for the latter. Recently, preoperative chemotherapy for limb-saving is given to patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities (NSH-3, 4, 5). The adjuvant of chemotherapy proved to be of great significance for improving the survival rate of osteosarcoma and for achieving limb salvage.
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PMID:[Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy of osteosarcoma]. 346 May 27

The cytostatic action of Adriblastin on the accumulation of 99mTc-MDP by a transplantable osteogenic sarcoma in the mouse was investigated. The quantitative determination of the activity concentration in the tumor showed a concentration value 8 days after the administration of the cytostatic which was nearly twice that found in the untreated animals. This could be clearly observed in scintigrams obtained with a gamma-camera using a pinhole-collimator. The histoautoradiography likewise showed a higher concentration of the radiopharmaceutical which can be attributed to higher ossification within the tumor due to the application of the cytostatic agent. Our results indicate that scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP is a good follow-up method during treatment with cytostatics.
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PMID:[The effect of chemotherapy on the retention of 99mTc-methylenediphosphonate by the osteogenic sarcoma of the mouse (author's transl)]. 693 74

Twenty year's (1959-1979) experience in the treatment of osteosarcoma at the Bone Tumor Center of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli is presented. During this period 433 cases were recorded, but only 266 were considered. All the patients underwent surgery but after 1970 whole-lung irradiation (1971), immunotherapy (1971), and chemotherapy (1972 onward) were added as adjuvant therapies on a nonrandomized basis. In the group treated with surgery alone the prognosis was very poor: 10% survived nine years or more after the diagnosis, an average disease-free interval of 7.7 months and an average survival time of 13 months. Monolateral whole-lung irradiation had negative results and was abandoned after six cases. Adjuvant immunotherapy with irradiated autologous tumor cells gave moderately positive results in 16 patients, but only by delaying the appearance of first metastases, therefore increasing the time of survival. Adjuvant chemotherapy was performed with three different protocols: one protocol with ADM only and two protocols using VCR + MTX (at medium dose) + ADM, administered according to two different schedules. Superimposable results were obtained with these three regimens. With equal follow-up, the percentage of continuously disease-free patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher than that of patients treated with surgery alone (P less than 0.001). The patients in the chemotherapy group who had relapses showed a prolonged time (mean = 12.3 months) to the onset of the first metastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy caused virtually no morbidity and no deaths. Reference is made to the advantages of a large and homogeneous caseload deriving from a single institution to avoid preselection bias and evaluate the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches when patient randomization has not been employed.
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PMID:The treatment of osteosarcoma of the extremities: twenty year's experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. 694 43

28 patients with telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities were treated between March 1983 and March 1990 with neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to two different protocols activated successively. With the first protocol, patients preoperatively received high dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-cisplatinum (CDP) and postoperatively, depending on the histological response, either HDMTX-CDP-doxorubicin (ADM) or ADM-"BCD". With the second protocol patients were preoperatively treated with HDMTX-CDP-ADM and postoperatively either with the same drugs or with the same drugs plus ifosfamide and VP-16. Preoperatively, CDP was delivered intraarterially. A good histological response (tumour necrosis > 90%) was observed in 25 patients (89%) and at a mean follow-up of 5 years (2-9 years) 23 patients (82%) remained continuously disease-free and 5 developed lung metastases. These results are better than those obtained in 272 contemporary cases of conventional osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with the same protocols (62% good histological responses and 61% continuously disease-free survival).
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PMID:Primary chemotherapy and delayed surgery for non-metastatic telangiectatic osteosarcoma of the extremities. Results in 28 patients. 808 Jun 76

Recent advances in adjuvant chemotherapy for malignant bone tumor have been improving the survival rate and making limb-salvage surgery a reliable technique. Ewing's sarcoma is treated by multiple agent chemotherapy. We treat Ewing's sarcoma by Rosen's T-11 protocol (CYT.ADM.MTX.VCR.ACT-D.BLM). This protocol is very effective, but results are poorer than for osteosarcoma. Newly developed protocols such as EICESS (European Intergroup Cooperative Ewing's Sarcoma Study)-92, including new drugs, should be investigated. The results with malignant fibrous histiocytoma are comparable to those for osteosarcoma. We have performed an original chemotherapy protocol, called "K-1 protocol." Patients were treated with three courses of intraarterial infusion of cisplatin (120 mg/m2) and caffeine (1.0-1.5 mg/m2/day for three days continuously) at two-week intervals. If the effect was insufficient, ADM (30 mg/m2/day for two days continuously) is added to this protocol. We treat malignant lymphoma in collaboration with a hematologist and radiologist. The 5-year survival rate of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in our series was 56% in clinical stage III and 34% in clinical stage IV. We are trying third-generation chemotherapy to improve the survival rate.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and malignant lymphoma]. 821 63

Eleven patients with high-grade osteosarcoma of an extremity were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with NSH-7 protocol. NSH-7 is a refinement of the T-12 Rosen protocol. Preoperative chemotherapy is initiated with a doxorubicin (ADM) and high-dose methotrexate combination. If the primary tumor progresses after the first cycle, the preoperative chemotherapy is switched to a combination of cisplatin and ADM. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was selected based on histological response of the primary tumor. In addition, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used to prevent leukocytopenia and to increase the dose intensity of the chemotherapy. In 1 patient, preoperative chemotherapy was switched to salvage treatment. Of the 156 courses given, there were 10 delays and 4 dose reductions. Leukocytopenia accounted for only 1 delay. All 11 patients completed the chemotherapy and 5 patients were fully able to tolerate the protocol without delay or dose reduction. Nine patients remained alive and continuously free of disease at an average follow-up of 35 months. The rate of continuous disease-free survival at 3 years was 81%, which was significantly better than that of the T-12 study of our group. These observations suggest that the NSH-7 protocol is a safe and effective treatment regimen for osteosarcoma.
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PMID:A preliminary report of neoadjuvant chemotherapy NSH-7 study in osteosarcoma: preoperative salvage chemotherapy based on clinical tumor response and the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 864 25


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