Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 7-year-old Saint Bernard developed muscular weakness 1 year after right forelimb amputation and adjuvant cisplatin chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma. Clinical and laboratory findings supported a diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, and the dog had clinical improvement in response to prednisone treatment. Two additional dogs with myasthenia gravis and osteogenic sarcoma were identified by review of the medical records of the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. Findings indicated that myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular transmission disorders may be associated with muscular weakness in dogs with osteogenic sarcoma.
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PMID:Osteogenic sarcoma and myasthenia gravis in a dog. 238 23

The case records of and histopathologic findings in 57 dogs with nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous splenic sarcomas were reviewed. Splenic neoplasms in these dogs included leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrous histiocytoma. The clinical signs associated with splenic sarcoma included anorexia or decreased appetite, abdominal distention, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, weight loss, and weakness. An abdominal mass was detected in 86% of the dogs by use of abdominal palpation (63%), and/or abdominal radiography (74%). The diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in the spleen. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed on 43 of the 57 dogs. Twenty-seven dogs were treated by splenectomy, and 16 were euthanatized at the time of surgery because of widespread metastatic lesions. Of the 14 dogs on which surgery was not performed, 11 were euthanatized on the basis of results of preoperative diagnostic tests, and the remaining 3 dogs had splenic neoplasms that were incidental findings at necropsy. Of the 27 surgically treated dogs, 5 died in the immediate postoperative period, 12 died or were euthanatized within 1 year after splenectomy, and only 5 dogs survived greater than or equal to 1 year. Three dogs were lost to follow-up evaluation, and 2 were still alive 6 and 7 months after surgery. The median survival time of the 22 dogs for which survival was known was 2.5 months. The median survival time for 11 dogs with no obvious metastasis at the time of splenectomy was 9 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975-1987). 255 65

Ifosfamide was given to 61 patients with malignant solid tumors diagnosed before the age of 21 years. In this phase II study, all patients received 1.6 g/m2/day X 5 iv over 15 minutes followed by mesna at a dose of 400 mg/m2 iv at 15 minutes and 4 and 6 hours after ifosfamide. Responses were observed in five of 15 patients with osteosarcoma, two of ten with neuroblastoma, two of six with Wilms' tumor, two of five with rhabdomyosarcoma, four of eight with other soft tissue sarcomas, one of one with retinoblastoma, one of two with germ cell tumors, one of one with B-cell lymphoma, and one of one with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Fifty-nine of 61 patients had received prior alkylating agent therapy which included cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, mechlorethamine, melphalan, or dacarbazine. Fourteen of 19 responses developed in patients whose tumors were resistant to treatment with cyclophosphamide. A patient with malignant Schwannoma who had received no prior chemotherapy developed a complete response which lasted 12 months. A patient with brain metastases of osteosarcoma has had complete response for greater than 2 years. Complete response was also observed in a patient with B-cell lymphoma. Toxicity consisted of mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, transient reversible myelosuppression, occasional elevation of serum BUN or creatinine, and transient neurotoxicity characterized by somnolence, confusion, weakness, tremor, hallucinations, or seizures. We conclude that ifosfamide is an important alkylating agent without apparent complete cross-resistance with cyclophosphamide, and as such should be further investigated for determination of its activity in patients with pediatric neoplasms and considered for incorporation into phase II-III trials for certain tumors.
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PMID:Phase II trial of ifosfamide in children with malignant solid tumors. 310 34

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and hypophosphatemic osteomalacia are both associated with neoplasm and unusual clinical syndromes. Although the etiologies of these conditions are unknown, their clinical courses are interesting, so we are reporting two cases of these conditions separately. Case 1: A 20-year-old man had an osteogenic sarcoma originating in the 2nd thoracic vertebra which was developing in the mediastinal region. He had complained of numbness and swelling in the left arm and of clubbing of the fingers of both hands. A chest radiograph showed a billiard-ball-sized, round opacity in the left upper mediastinal region. Periosteal new bone formation was demonstrated symmetrically in both humeri, radii, ulnae, femurs, tibiae, fibulae and metacarpals. Case 2: A 30-year-old man had complained of lower back, hip, knee and ankle pain and muscle weakness of five years' duration and was admitted to the National Yokosuka Hospital. Surum phosphorus was 0.7 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase was 24.9 K.A. and glucosuria was noted. He had a fibrous xanthoma on the right thigh, and after removal of the tumor, his symptoms improved dramatically and pertinent laboratory data returned to normal. However, ossification of the ligaments of the spine subsequently developed.
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PMID:[Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and hypophosphatemic osteomalacia associated with tumor]. 345 94

FBJ osteosarcoma virus (FBJ-MSV) isolated originally from a spontaneously arising osteosarcoma in a CF1 mouse is the only known naturally occurring murine sarcoma virus (MSV). It is unique among strains of MSV in producing primarily sarcomata in mice. The capacity of tumour cells transformed in vivo by this agent to elicit specific transplantation immunity in syngeneic hosts was investigated. A low level of resistance (10(4)-10(5) cells) was consistently induced by implantation of x-irradiated (15,000 rad) tumours or surgical excision of developing subcutaneous grafts. By contrast intraperitoneal inoculation of virus containing cellfree extracts of FBJ-MSV sarcomata was a far less effective immunization procedure. Confirmatory evidence for the antigenicity of these neoplasms was obtained in tests in which preincubation of tumour cells with lymphoid cells from specifically immune donors inhibited in vivo outgrowth of the FBJ-MSV cells in untreated syngeneic recipients. The induction of host resistance to FBJ-MSV cells by immunization with identical and independently-induced FBJ-MSV tumours established that FBJ-MSV cells possess common cell surface antigenic specificities in a manner analogous to those of experimental neoplasms induced by other oncogenic DNA and RNA viruses. Since FBJ-MSV cells release infectious virus it was not possible in this system to establish whether the tumour-rejection antigen was cellular or virion in nature. The antigenic weakness of FBJ-MSV cells in syngeneic hosts is comparable with that of virus-induced murine leukaemias of the Gross (G) or "wild" type subgroup to which category FBJ-MSV also belongs. These features suggest that FBJ-MSV exemplifies naturally occurring sarcomagenic viruses more closely than those of the Friend-Moloney-Rauscher-Graffi (FMRGr) subgroup which in general induce highly antigenic neoplasms.
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PMID:Tumour-associated transplantation antigens of neoplasms induced by a naturally occurring murine sarcoma virus (FBJ-MSV). 451 7

A case of vitamin D resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia associated with osteosarcoma of the mandible is presented. The patient complained of lumbar, knee and foot pain and muscle weakness of two years' duration. Serum phosphorous was 1.0-1.6 mg/dl, tubular reabsorption of phosphorus was 47 to 58%, TmPO4/GFR was o.7-1.2 mg/dl. Aminoaciduria was noted. Bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of osteomalacia. He partially responded to the treatment with 1 alpha()H) D3 and sodium phosphate. After removal of sarcoma of the mandible, symptoms remitted and pertinent laboratory data became normal except serum alkaline phosphatase for more than one year without treatment. It is suggested that an impaired response of the tubule and bone to active vitamin D3, caused in some way by the osteosarcoma might be one of the causes of osteomalacia in this case.
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PMID:Vitamin D resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia associated with osteosarcoma of the mandible: report of a case. 627 44

Five cases of primary spinal column sarcomas are presented. Sarcomas primarily originating from paravertebral soft tissues were excluded. Patients' age ranged from 1 to 14 years (mean 8.4 years). The male:female ration was 2:3. Two patients had Ewing's sarcoma (ES) originating from L5-S1 and L4-5 pedicles, respectively; two patients had mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) originating from L1-2 pedicles and L5 body, respectively; and one patient had osteogenic sarcoma (OS) of C4 body. All patients clinically presented with pain and progressive weakness of the extremities. The time that elapsed between the onset of symptoms and diagnoses ranged from one to five months. All cases were treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and subtotal tumour resection with spinal canal decompression. Two cases received posterior spinal fusion operations. Three patients were alive 10 to 98 months following diagnosis. Only the case with ES of L5-S1 pedicles was in complete remission and off therapy at the 98th postoperative month. The two MCS cases were in partial remission, and were receiving chemotherapy at the time of analysis. These tumours caused similar clinical findings and prognoses, and required combined treatment, which consisted of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy; histologically three different types of malignant tumours are presented in the same category. We preferred surgical decompression and stabilization procedures especially for neurologically symptomatic patients, even if they had extensive tumours with high grades. By spinal canal decompression and stabilisation, we did not intend to cure the disease; however, we intended to provide neurological improvement, spinal stabilisation, improved quality of life, early mobilisation of the patient, and cytoreduction by means of surgical tumour ablation, which could render the chemotherapy more effective.
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PMID:Primary spinal column sarcomas. 898 Jul 27

The case of a 66-year-old woman with a primary cardiac osteosarcoma is described. These distinctly rare malignant tumors arise preferentially in the left atrium. Clinically, they often present symptoms of both, intramural and intracavitary neoplasm in addition to general weakness, recurrent breast pain, and dyspnea. As shown in the present case, with growing intracavitary tumor masses the risk for peripheral arterial including cerebral embolism increases. Consequently, in most patients with symptoms of systemic arterial embolism of unknown origin performance of transesophageal echocardiography seems advisible, which is presently the most convenient noninvasive imaging method to exclude or to identify intracardiac sources of emboli, irrespective of their type.
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PMID:A primary osteosarcoma of the heart as a cause of recurrent peripheral arterial emboli. 973 45

Oncogenic osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome. It is characterized by bone pain, muscle weakness, gait disturbance, fractures and skeletal deformities. Hypophosphatemia, diminished renal phosphate reabsorption, decreased 1,25 dihydroxy Vitamin D and elevated alkaline phosphatase are the biochemical hallmarks of this disorder. Most tumors are of mesenchymal origin. We report the case of a 39-year-old woman with oncogenic osteomalacia caused by osteosarcoma of the right scapula which was unrecognized for several years. She subsequently developed tertiary hyperparathyroidism after treatment with oral phosphate and Vitamin D. This case illustrates that oncogenic osteomalacia may persist for many years before the tumor is discovered. This is because the tumors are frequently very small and are in obscure locations. The uniqueness of this case is the coexistence of hyperparathyroidism and oncogenic osteomalacia. Five other cases have been reported up to date. All patients had received phosphate supplement, ranging from 10 to 14 years prior to their diagnosis. Interestingly, our patient was on the treatment for only 2 years. The proposed mechanism is that exogenous phosphate stimulates parathyroid activity through sequestration of calcium.
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PMID:Development of tertiary hyperparathyroidism after phosphate supplementation in oncogenic osteomalacia. 1085 15

The nematode Spirocerca lupi is a parasite of dogs with beetles of several species serving as intermediate hosts. The medical records of 50 dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis at the Hebrew University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (HUVTH) in Israel during 1991-1999 were retrospectively reviewed and compared to a control group (n=100). There was a seven-fold increase in the annual number of dogs diagnosed with spirocercosis during these years while the hospital caseload increased by 80%, indicating an emerging outbreak of this infection. Dogs from the greater Tel Aviv area were at the highest risk of being diagnosed with spirocercosis with 74% of the cases originating from this region compared to only 17% of the controls. The disease appeared to have a primarily urban pattern of distribution with a significantly higher percentage (P=0.025) of dogs from cities versus rural areas, as compared to the control group. Sixty-two percent of the cases were diagnosed during the colder months of December through April. The median age of infected dogs was 5 years, with dogs 1 year old or younger at the lowest risk of being diagnosed with spirocercosis. Large breeds were at a higher risk of infection in comparison to small breeds and the Labrador Retriever was significantly over represented (P=0.027) in the study group compared to the control population. The most common signs were vomiting or regurgitation (60%), pyrexia (24%), weakness (22%), respiratory abnormalities (20%), anorexia (18%), melena (18%) and paraparesis (14%). A caudal esophageal mass was identified by radiography in 53% of the dogs and spondylitis of the thoracic vertebrae in 33%. Fecal flotation was positive for S. lupi eggs in 80% of the dogs, and endoscopy was found to be the most sensitive diagnostic procedure and allowed diagnosis in 100% of the examined dogs. Fifty-three percent of the dogs were anemic and creatine kinase (CK) activities were elevated in 54%. Necropsy of 14 dogs revealed esophageal or gastric granulomas in 13 dogs, and an esophageal osteosarcoma in a single animal. Aortic aneurysms were found in six (43%) dogs. Out of 24, 15 dogs (63%) for which follow-up information was available died or were euthanized within 1 month of admission. The case-fatality rate decreased toward the end of the study period when improved therapy with avermectins became available.
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PMID:Canine spirocercosis: clinical, diagnostic, pathologic, and epidemiologic characteristics. 1212 53


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