Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 46-month-old boy with a four-day history of pain and swelling over the right posterior ilium was thought to have acute osteomyelitis on the basis of a normal pelvic x-ray, markedly increased scintigraphic activity in the right ilium, and a mildly elevated sedimentation rate. At surgery, no signs of osteomyelitis were found, and biopsy revealed osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma. This is the youngest child with osteogenic sarcoma of the pelvic reported in the literature.
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PMID:Osteolytic osteogenic sarcoma of ilium in 46-month-old boy. 348 37

A material of 87 consecutive patients with Ewing's sarcoma referred for treatment in the period 1962-1983 was retrospectively analysed. Thirteen patients had metastases at the time of diagnosis. Of the remainder, 71 received radiation therapy and 32 adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival rate was not influenced by age, sex or treatment delay. Metastatic disease predictably shortened survival (median 6 months vs. 23 months for localized disease). Tumour site did not significantly influence survival rate, although pelvic localization was associated with a slightly shorter median survival. Both pain and objective impairment of movement at presentation correlated to a poorer prognosis, possibly because of larger tumours or soft tissue extension. Adjuvant chemotherapy prolonged recurrence-free survival from a median of 6 months to 16 months, but survival was not improved significantly. Local failure occurred in about 40 per cent, regardless of radiation dose and tumour site. At the time of evaluation, 13 patients (15%) were alive with no evidence of disease and a median follow-up time of 68 months (range 16-196). So far, 2 patients have developed secondary malignancies in irradiated areas (one malignant fibrous histiocytoma and one osteogenic sarcoma).
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PMID:Ewing's sarcoma. A retrospective study of prognostic factors and treatment results. 368 82

During a 37-year period, 26 patients were seen who had chondrosarcoma with additional mesenchymal components ("dedifferentiated low-grade chondrosarcoma"). Sixteen were men and 10 were women aged 30 to 85 years (median, 61 years). The tumors' chondroid areas were of borderline or low-grade malignancy. The additional mesenchymal component was histologically classified as malignant fibrous histiocytoma (16), rhabdomyosarcoma (4), low-grade fibrosarcoma (3), osteosarcoma (2), and undifferentiated sarcoma (1). Preferred locations were pelvis (10) and femur (8). Symptoms had been present for 1 year or less in most cases. Pain was the most common symptom. In 15 of 26, major amputation was the primary treatment. Twelve patients received chemotherapy, usually after developing metastatic disease, but only one achieved a partial response. Median disease-free interval after diagnosis was 4 months, median survival was 6 months, and 19 patients died within 1 year. Of 4 who survived longer than 18 months, 3 presented with a low-grade fibrosarcoma. Survival and development of metastasis appeared unrelated to cell type, initial treatment, or chemotherapy, except when the tumor's initial nonchondroid component was low-grade fibrosarcoma.
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PMID:Chondrosarcoma with additional mesenchymal component (dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma). I. A clinicopathologic study of 26 cases. 371 21

The records of 14 patients with fibrosarcoma of the jaws--10 in the mandible and four in the maxilla--from the files of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours were studied. The mean age of the patients was 30 years; more men than women were involved; pain and especially swelling were the symptoms most frequently present. The radiographic appearance often indicated the malignant nature of the lesion. Histologically 42% of the tumours were low-grade malignant. The 5-year survival rate was 71%, which is more favourable than either fibrosarcoma located elsewhere in the skeleton or osteosarcoma of the jaws. Radical surgery is the therapy of choice. All cases with an unfavourable course acquired lung metastases.
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PMID:Fibrosarcoma of the jaws. 394 16

Undifferentiated malignant tumors of the oral cavity were diagnosed in six dogs under 2 years of age. The dogs were examined because of pain and swelling of the upper molar or premolar areas. In all six dogs, the tumors were initially misdiagnosed as infections or carnasal abscesses. The differential diagnosis included malignant lymphoma, osteosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, and malignant melanoma. Electron microscopy of three neoplasms showed that there were no specific features characteristic of carcinoma or sarcoma. Immunoperoxidase studies for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, actin, myosin, desmin, and vimentin were also negative. We conclude that these tumors be designated undifferentiated malignant tumors of the oral cavity until histogenesis is established.
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PMID:A clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study of undifferentiated malignant tumors of the oral cavity in dogs. 396 83

A case of vitamin D resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia associated with osteosarcoma of the mandible is presented. The patient complained of lumbar, knee and foot pain and muscle weakness of two years' duration. Serum phosphorous was 1.0-1.6 mg/dl, tubular reabsorption of phosphorus was 47 to 58%, TmPO4/GFR was o.7-1.2 mg/dl. Aminoaciduria was noted. Bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of osteomalacia. He partially responded to the treatment with 1 alpha()H) D3 and sodium phosphate. After removal of sarcoma of the mandible, symptoms remitted and pertinent laboratory data became normal except serum alkaline phosphatase for more than one year without treatment. It is suggested that an impaired response of the tubule and bone to active vitamin D3, caused in some way by the osteosarcoma might be one of the causes of osteomalacia in this case.
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PMID:Vitamin D resistant hypophosphatemic osteomalacia associated with osteosarcoma of the mandible: report of a case. 627 44

The records of 66 patients with osteosarcoma of the jaw were reviewed. The ages of the 42 males and 24 females ranged from 12 to 79 years (mean, 34.2 years). Swelling and pain, the most frequent presenting complaints, were noted an average of three months before the patient was seen by a physician. Fifty-one percent of the lesions involved the maxilla and 49% involved the mandible. The most common sites of involvement were the body of the mandible and the alveolar ridge of the maxilla. Radiologically, most of the lesions in the maxilla were osteoblastic (50%), whereas most of those in the mandible were osteolytic (43%). Chondroblastic osteosarcoma was the most frequent histologic type (48%) and was associated with the best survival rate (47%). Treatment included radical and local surgery with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or various combinations. The recurrence rate for all treatment modalities was 70%. Patients treated by initial radical surgery had the best survival (80%). Survival decreased to 27% with local surgery. Of the 43 (65%) patients who died, most died with uncontrolled local disease; only four patients had documented distant metastasis, which involved lung, cervical lymph nodes, spinal column, and brain.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the jaw. 657 39

15 consecutive patients with osteosarcoma underwent preoperative chemotherapy with high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) containing regimens according to the T7 or T10 protocols of ROSEN, Preoperative chemotherapy was well tolerated and did not impair surgical procedures. 67% of the patients responded clinically with reduction of pain and tumor size. Histologic examination of the tumor after preoperative chemotherapy revealed extensive necrosis in 53% of patients. In a retrospective analysis, patients with extensive necrosis (group B) were compared with those with little or no necrosis (group A). Patients from group B had a longer relapse free and overall survival period than group A. In addition, patients of group A had significantly higher initial levels of alkaline phosphatase than group B. The incidence of a 2.5-fold increase of the transaminases 2-3 days after HDMTX was significantly greater in patients of group B compared to group A. In the absence of documented necrosis after chemotherapy according to the T7 or T10 protocols, further use of HDMTX is not indicated. New aspects on the treatment of osteosarcoma, derived from recent publications, are discussed.
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PMID:[The Zurich experience with preoperative high-dose methotrexate in osteosarcomas]. 657 41

Among 1177 osteogenic sarcoma patients diagnosed and treated at Memorial Hospital, 65 (5.5%) were associated with either monostotic or polyostotic Paget's disease. The overall median age was 64 years (range, 39-82 years). In those patients older than 40 years of age, the frequency of sarcomatous transformation rose to 27%. There were slightly more men (55%) than women. The most common skeletal sites were the pelvic bones (34%), the humerus (22%), the femur (19%), and the craniofacial bones (14%). Unrelenting pain and tender swelling were the most common presenting symptoms (85%), with pathologic fracture in 14 (22%) patients. In two-thirds of the cases, the radiographic presentation was that of a lytic destructive lesion; while in the others it showed a sclerotic, mixed, or permeative character. In almost one-half of the cases, the histologic appearance of the osteogenic sarcomas was either fibrohistocytomatous or osteoblastic. In spite of radical surgical amputations, only three patients survived longer than 5 years. The prognosis of Paget's sarcoma is significantly less favorable than in osteogenic sarcoma arising de novo in patients of comparable age.
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PMID:Osteogenic sarcoma associated with Paget's disease of bone. A clinicopathologic study of 65 patients. 657 36

The relative rarity and anatomical position of retrorectal tumors may lead to difficulty in diagnosis and surgical treatment. The clinical features and management of 20 such tumors (chordoma 8, neurilemmoma 3, teratoma 3, hemangiopericytoma 1, chondrosarcoma 1, osteosarcoma 1, dermoid 1, lipoma 1, and undifferentiated sarcoma 1) have therefore been reviewed. Low back or sacral pain was present in 18 patients and, although all tumors were palpable on rectal examination, pain had been present for a median of 12 months before diagnosis. Mean tumor size was 9.4 cm (range: 2.5-17 cm). Sacral bone destruction was demonstrated radiographically in all chordomas and three sarcomas, but in none of the benign tumors. Three patients had undergone previous partial removal of their tumors. Surgical resection was carried out using a combined abdominal and transsacral approach in 13, a transsacral approach in the right lateral position in four and transabdominally in three. There was one operative death following secondary operation for chbrdoma. Four of 12 patients with malignant tumors are alive and well at seven months to eight years. One died of a myocardial infarct without recurrence at 11 years. For small benign tumors, the right lateral position permits maximal flexibility for resection either by the transsacral, transabdominal or a combined approach. For bulky or malignant tumors, a combined abdominal transsacral approach in the right lateral position permits vascular control and provides good exposure for protection of vital structures and wide resection.
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PMID:Abdominosacral approach for retrorectal tumors. 692 81


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