Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and in vitro studies have demonstrated that fluoroquinolones are toxic to chondrocytes; however, the exact mechanism of fluoroquinolone arthropathy is unknown. We investigated the toxicity of ciprofloxacin on normal cartilage and on cartilaginous tumors. Normal human cartilage, enchondroma, and chondrosarcoma explants were cultured either alone or with the addition of ciprofloxacin at 1, 10, or 20 mg/L of medium. Samples were collected up to twenty-one days after treatment and were processed for electron microscopy and conventional light microscopy. The specimens were characterized morphologically with use of conventional light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry to identify extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Cultures of normal chondrocytes expressed type-II collagen. Electron microscopy revealed a large amount of glycogen in the cells; the presence of fat droplets, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and prominent Golgi apparatus; and a proteoglycan layer surrounding the cells. With prolonged ciprofloxacin treatment and with increased doses, there was an increase in dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, the appearance of phagosomes, and disintegrated bundles of vimentin filaments. The treated chondrocytes showed a decrease in cell proliferation, but there was no induction of apoptosis or effect on the expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Ciprofloxacin-treated chondrosarcoma cultures and tissue samples showed changes in cartilage matrix composition. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated clumped glycogen, dilation of endoplasmic reticulum, numerous abnormal lysosomes containing degeneration products, and a decreased proteoglycan deposit surrounding the tumor cells. Treated chondrosarcoma cells and tissue specimens did not proliferate, and apoptosis was induced. In contrast, the in vitro growth of other noncartilaginous malignant tumors like osteosarcoma and liposarcoma was unaffected by ciprofloxacin. Our results indicate that ciprofloxacin is toxic to chondrocytes. In vitro and in vivo treated chondrosarcomas are the most affected.
 ...
PMID:Fluoroquinolone's effect on growth of human chondrocytes and chondrosarcomas. In vitro and in vivo correlation. 1168 46

The expression of alpha smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin, desmin, h-caldesmon, and calponin was studied immunohistochemically in the following soft tissue and bone tumours and tumour-like lesions: muscle fibromatosis, inflammatory pseudotumours, chondroblastoma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, fibrous dysplasia, ossifying myositis, osteoblastoma, convential osteosarcoma, leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Tumours and tumour-like lesions with myofibroblastic cells, osteoblasts and chondroblasts frequently exhibited intensive immunoreactivity for the muscle markers, and therefore, some of them may occasionally be confused with leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Calponin does not help to differentiate various mesenchymal tumours expressing muscle markers, because it also stains intensively myofibroblasts, osteoblasts and chondroblasts. We confirmed that h-caldesmon was expressed intensely in leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas, and never in the other tumours examined, with the exception of three chondroblastomas. The results have shown that h-caldesmon is a rather specific and sensitive marker for smooth muscle tumours, but it can also stain some actin positive myochondroblasts. It is possible that the positivity of h-caldesmon in some chondroblastomas is due to their complete myogenic transdifferentiation, and so we use the term myochondroblasts and myochondrocytes for designation of such S-100 protein, actin, and h-caldesmon positive cells.
 ...
PMID:[Immunohistochemical differentiation of leiomyocellular tumors and tumors with myogenic differentiation]. 1287 3

The article shows differential diagnosis of giant sell tumor of bone with bone cystae, displasia fibrosis, chondroblastoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, plasmocitoma, enchondroma and bone metastases. The main methods of diagnosis is morphological investigation of biopsy material.
 ...
PMID:[Differential diagnosis of giant cell tumors]. 1496 8

In a patient who presented with an osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus, systemic staging revealed a lesion in the contralateral humerus, which was shown to be an enchondroma after open biopsy. The patient had a local recurrence develop, which necessitated forequarter amputation. Shortly thereafter, the patient had pain develop at the contralateral biopsy site, and examinations and repeat biopsy revealed metastatic osteosarcoma. We think it is likely that surgical trauma contributed to the development of this unusual metastasis. In this clinical situation, consideration should be given to doing the biopsy and definitive resection on separate occasions.
 ...
PMID:Possible metastasis of osteosarcoma to a remote biopsy site: a case report. 1524 Nov 68

Osteolytic lesions are frequently encountered in clinical practice. Radionuclide bone scans with technetium-99m-labeled diphosphonates are often performed in the evaluation of both solitary and multiple osteolytic lesions. In this pictorial review, we critically evaluate the current role of bone scan in common osteolytic tumors including aneurysmal bone cyst, simple bone cyst, fibrous dysplasia, nonossifying fibroma, giant cell tumor, eosinophilic granuloma, enchondroma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, myeloma, and metastases. The merits and limitations of bone scanning are emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Bone scintigraphy in common tumors with osteolytic components. 1616 37

A retrospective analysis of all bone tumors accessioned at a large referral center (Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion) in Mexico City between 2000 and 2005 is presented. A total of 6216 biopsies and surgical resection specimens were reviewed during this period, of which 566 corresponded to bone tumors. Benign bone tumors accounted for 71.6% of cases and malignant bone tumors for 28.4%. The tumors affected men in 53.7% of cases and women in 46.3% of cases, with an average age at presentation of 25 years. The femur was the most common location of the tumors (39.9%), followed by the tibia (17.7%) and humerus (11.8%). The commonest malignant bone tumors were osteosarcoma (46.6%) and chondrosarcoma (8.7%). Of malignant bone tumors, 18.6% corresponded to metastases of carcinomas from internal organs and 8.1% were multiple myeloma. The most common benign bone tumor was osteochondroma (43.7%) followed by giant cell tumor of bone (14.6%) and enchondroma (10.1%). The age distribution showed a peak in children and adolescents comprised predominantly of benign lesions and a second peak in young adults that corresponded to malignant bone tumors (principally osteosarcoma). Malignant bone tumors most often involved the femur, vertebra, and tibia. Our results parallel the findings previously reported in the world literature and show a similar distribution and epidemiology as in other developed and underdeveloped countries. Geographic location does not appear to represent a risk factor for any particular type of bone tumor and does not affect the age distribution, location, or histopathologic type of the lesions.
 ...
PMID:Epidemiology of bone tumors in Mexico City: retrospective clinicopathologic study of 566 patients at a referral institution. 1911 77

This article provides a review of the MR imaging features of the major primary malignant and benign bone tumors and tumorlike conditions encountered in the pediatric population. Malignant tumors discussed include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, lymphoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Benign lesions discussed include simple bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, giant cell tumor, osteochondroma, enchondroma, chondroblastoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, nonossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, hemangioma, and histiocytosis. The use of MR imaging in the diagnosis of these lesions is discussed, and the text is enhanced with imaging examples of the lesions.
 ...
PMID:MR imaging of primary bone tumors and tumor-like conditions in children. 1952 97

Studies to determine the etiology of osteosarcoma involve epidemiologic and environmental factors and genetic impairments. Factors related to patient characteristics include age, gender, ethnicity, growth and height, genetic and familial factors, and preexisting bone abnormalities. Rapidly proliferating cells may be particularly susceptible to oncogenic agents and mitotic errors which lead to neoplastic transformation. Genetic aberrations that accompany osteosarcoma have received increasing recognition as an important factor in its etiology. Osteosarcoma tumor cells exhibit karyotypes with a high degree of complexity which has made it difficult to determine whether any recurrent chromosomal aberrations characterize osteosarcoma. Although extremely rare, osteosarcoma has occasionally been observed in several members of the same family. No other clinical abnormalities in the proband or the affected members were reported. Pathologic examination of the tumors revealed no unusual features. Genetic testing was not available in most of these reports. The patients generally responded to conventional therapy. A genetic predisposition to osteosarcoma is found in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma, characterized by mutation of the retinoblastoma gene RB1 on chromosome 13q14. The Rothmund-Thomson syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with a heterogeneous clinical profile. Patients may have a few or multiple clinical features including skin rash, small stature, skeletal dysplasias, sparse or absent scalp hair, eyebrows or eyelashes, juvenile cataracts, and gastrointestinal disturbance including chronic emesis and diarrhea; its molecular basis is the mutation in the RECQL4 gene in a subset of cases. The Li-Fraumeni syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a high risk of developing osteosarcoma and has been found in up to 3% of children with osteosarcoma. It is associated with a germline mutation of the p53, a suppressor gene. The following three criteria must be met for a diagnosis of Li-Fraumeni syndrome: (1) A proband diagnosed with sarcoma when younger than 45 years; (2) A first-degree relative with any cancer diagnosed when younger than 45 years; (3) Another first- or second-degree relative of the same genetic lineage with any cancer diagnosed when younger than 45 years or sarcoma diagnosed at any age. A second recessive p53 oncogene on chromosome 17p13.1 may also play a role in the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Osteosarcoma has also been associated with solitary or multiple osteochondroma, solitary enchondroma or enchondromatosis (Ollier's disease), multiple hereditary exostoses, fibrous dysplasia, chronic osteomyelitis, sites of bone infarcts, sites of metallic prostheses and sites of prior internal fixation. Ionizing radiation is a well-documented etiologic factor. Osteosarcoma has also been associated with the use of intravenous radium and Thorotrast. Exposure to alkylating agents may also contribute to its development ,and it is apparently independent of the administration of radiotherapy.
 ...
PMID:The etiology of osteosarcoma. 2021 84

Alpha isoform of smooth muscle actin (SMA) expression has been reported in giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) and other benign and malignant bone tumours, but the pattern of SMA expression and the precise nature of SMA-expressing cells in these lesions is uncertain. We determined by immunohistochemistry the expression of SMA and other muscle and vascular markers in normal bone, GCTB and a wide range of primary benign and malignant bone tumours. Cultured stromal cells of GCTB, chondroblastoma (CB), and aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) were also analysed for SMA expression. SMA was only noted in blood vessels in normal bone. SMA was expressed by mononuclear stromal cells (MSC) cultured from GCTB, ABC and CB. SMA was strongly and diffusely expressed by MSC in non-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, and "brown tumour" of hyperparathyroidism. SMA expression was also noted in GCTB, ABC, CB, chondromyxoid fibroma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone and osteosarcoma. Little or no SMA was noted in Langerhans cell histiocytosis, simple bone cyst, Ewing's sarcoma, osteoblastoma, osteoid osteoma, enchondroma, osteochondroma, chondrosarcoma, myeloma, lymphoma, chordoma and adamantinoma. Our findings show that there is differential SMA expression in primary bone tumours and that identifying the presence or absence of SMA is useful in the differential diagnosis of these lesions. The nature of SMA-expressing cells in bone tumours is uncertain but they are negative for desmin and caldesmon and could represent either myofibroblasts or perivascular cells, such as pericytes.
 ...
PMID:Smooth muscle actin expression in primary bone tumours. 2254 53

Chondrosarcomas are malignant bone tumors originating in cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is the third most common malignant bone tumor after multiple myeloma and osteosarcoma. About 75% of chondrosarcomas are primary lesions. The remaining 25% belong to special categories such as histologic variants and secondary forms. A secondary chondrosarcoma is one that appears in a pre-existing benign chondral lesion; the different types of secondary chondrosarcomas include solitary osteochondroma, multiple osteochondromatosis, enchondroma, the different types of enchondromatosis, and primary synovial chondromatosis. The incidence of this malignant transformation varies widely in function of the type of lesion. In this article, we discuss and illustrate the different types of secondary chondrosarcomas, placing special emphasis on the imaging findings that should alert to these lesions and give radiologists a key role in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of these patients.
...
PMID:[Secondary chondrosarcoma: radiopathological correlation]. 2500 53


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>