Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Morphometric analysis of cartilaginous tumours was performed on 25 chondrosarcomas, 9 cases of enchondroma (ENCH), and 2 chondroblastic osteosarcomas (CBOS). The chondrosarcomas were classified into three grades of malignancy according to Evans' histological classification and were further divided into low and high grades of malignancy. Cellularity, nuclear area, binucleate cells and mitotic figures were examined using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens. The cellularity was significantly higher in high-grade chondrosarcoma (HGCS) than in low-grade chondrosarcoma (LGCS) (P less than 0.005). The nuclear area was larger in more malignant lesions. Significant differences in the nuclear area were found between ENCH and LGCS (P less than 0.005) and between LGCS and HGCS (P less than 0.01). Binucleate cells were found more frequently in LGCS than in ENCH (P less than 0.005). Although a few mitotic figures were found in HGCS, they were extremely rare in chondrosarcomas. Mitotic figures, however, were easily found in CBOS when compared with HGCS (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that nuclear area and binucleate cells are useful for differentiation between benign and malignant cartilaginous lesions and that easily detectable mitotic figures are a reliable marker for neoplastic cartilage in osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Histological grading and morphometric analysis of cartilaginous tumours. 189 57

We report a rare case of Maffucci's syndrome combined with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma in the right shoulder girdle developing from pre-existing enchondroma. In this case, magnetic resonance imaging was useful in diagnosing dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma before surgery. T2-weighted imaging was used to distinguish between the cartilaginous component and the dedifferentiated one. Histologically, there was enchondroma in the humerus and grade 2 chondrosarcoma in the scapula. Further, the dedifferentiated tumor had three mesenchymal elements: osteosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and fibrosarcoma. This histological heterogenicity may be due to mesodermal dysplasia of Maffucci's syndrome.
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PMID:Maffucci's syndrome combined with dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. 193 71

1,200 cases of bone tumors were reviewed from the Orthopedic Hospital "Magdalena de las Salinas" between 1982 and 1989. 66.7% of them were benign tumors, 14.3% pseudotumoral lesions, 10.1% metastatic tumors, 8.6% primary malignant tumors, and 0.3% were malignant invasive tumors to bone. The most frequently found benign tumors were: osteochondroma, enchondroma and giant cell tumor; the most frequent pseudotumoral lesions were metaphyseal fibrous defects, solitary bone cysts and fibrous dysplasia; the most frequent primary malignant tumor was osteosarcoma. Prevalence, frequency, distribution, sex, most frequent ages, affected bones, multicentricity, and aggregated fractures, as well as the site of the primary lesion in metastatic and invading tumors, were similar to those reported in the classical series.
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PMID:[Bone tumors. Their prevalence]. 209 69

Chondrosarcoma of the skull base is a rare neoplasm. The most common presenting symptoms are hoarseness, dysphagia, and diplopia, which is associated with palsies of cranial nerves X, IX, and VI. The temporal bone is the most common site of tumor origin, followed by the sphenoid bone. These tumors must be differentiated from chordoma, chondroid chordoma, osteogenic sarcoma, enchondroma, and meningioma. Diagnosis is made by patient history, radiologic imaging, and biopsy. The treatment is surgical excision followed by radiation therapy. Five-year survival rates for grades I, II, and III are 90, 81, and 43%, respectively.
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PMID:Extracranial skull base chondrosarcoma. 268 2

Three cases are reported in which an osteosarcoma developed in relation to an enchondroma in a long bone. Two of the cases were in the proximal femur whilst one occurred in the proximal humerus, both recognised sites for old calcified enchondromas or "cartilage rests". The ages of the patients at presentation were 55, 63 and 84 years and all were women. Two patients died with pulmonary metastases within six months of the onset of clinical symptoms. Despite their intimate relationship to the enchondromas, none of the osteosarcomas could be shown histologically to have arisen from tumour cartilage. It appears probable that these are cases in which independently arising tumours have merged to form a so-called "collision" tumour, but the possibility that they could have been derived by dedifferentiation of a previously benign neoplasm cannot be discounted.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma arising in relation to an enchondroma. A report of three cases. 345 12

In a retrospective radiologic and histologic study of 286 osteosarcomas in files of a metropolitan hospital, four patients (three men and one woman) with osteosarcomas confined to the epiphysis were identified. In this series, there were also 16 metaphyseal osteosarcomas that extended to the epiphysis with penetration through the cartilaginous growth plate, a structure that ordinarily resists tumor growth. All tumors occurred in the femoral condyle. Characteristically, all four patients had histories of knee joint pain, and three reported antecedent trauma. Radiologically, the tumors showed predominantly lytic features. Histologically, three of the tumors were osteoblastic in type, and one was mostly chondroblastic. Purely epiphyseal osteosarcoma has overlapping radiologic features with clear cell chondrosarcoma, epiphyseal chondroblastoma, and epiphyseal enchondroma. The epiphyseal osteosarcomas of the distal femur reported here were characterized by a history of symptoms localized to the knee joint itself as a consequence of their epiphyseal location and joint involvement. This is in contrast to the usual metaphyseal osteosarcomas, which present with lower thigh pain and swelling. Because osteosarcomas may present as lytic tumors confined to the epiphysis, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of such lesions.
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PMID:Epiphyseal osteosarcoma: distinguishing features from clear cell chondrosarcoma, chondroblastoma, and epiphyseal enchondroma. 347 6

Light- and electron-microscopic investigations were performed in a case of cystic soap-bubble-like expansion of the shaft region of the second metatarsal bone. Morphologically, strongly cellular tissue with a closely packed net of osteoid trabeculae containing osteoblasts and a whorl-shaped spindle cell stroma with fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and irregularly scattered multinucleated giant cells of the osteoclast type were observed. After clinical and morphological exclusion of osteosarcoma, enchondroma, non-ossifying fibroma, osteoblastoma, osteoclastoma, and bone cysts the final diagnosis was giant-cell reaction of small tubular bone with unusual marked osteoid formation. As recurrences are possible, block resection appears more appropriate than curettage.
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PMID:Giant-cell reaction in the small tubular bones. A light- and electron-microscopic study. 694 96

The expression of the three catalytic subunits of protein phosphatase (PP) type 1 and 2A, PP1 alpha, PP1 gamma 1, and PP2AC, was examined in osteogenic tumors and soft tissue tumors by immunohistochemical analysis. The percentage of cells stained positively with antiserum against PP1 catalytic subunit isoform PP1 gamma 1, was significantly higher in malignant osteogenic tumors (chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma) and in malignant soft tissue tumors (liposarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma [M.F.H.]) than in benign tumors (osteochondroma, osteoblastoma, ossifying fibroma, enchondroma and lipoma). Furthermore, the malignant tumor lesions showed a markedly high number of cells in the S-phase fraction of the cell cycle, as compared to benign tumors. These results suggest that PP1 gamma 1 is involved in the accelerated growth of malignant tumor cells.
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PMID:Role of protein phosphatase in malignant osteogenic and soft tissue tumors. 886 68

Enchondroma is a benign growth of cartilage arising in the bone metaphysis as a solitary or multiple primary lesions. The form of multiple enchondromatosis with unilateral predominance is termed Ollier's disease. We have recently treated a case of Ollier's disease with the chief complaint of deformity of the left hand. The patient was an 11-year-old boy. Radiographic examination showed honeycombed clear spaces in the metaphyses of the middle and proximal phalanges of the left ring and little fingers as well as of the fourth and fifth metacarpals, and thinning of the cortex of these bones, but with no evidence of pathological fracture. The tumors of the left fourth and fifth metacarpal bones and of the phalanges of the left ring and little fingers were removed, and the metacarpophalangeal joint of the little finger was capsulotomized. The patient was free from recurrence 19 months after surgery. With regard to the prognosis of Ollier's disease, malignant transformation into chondrosarcoma or osteosarcoma has been reported of the chondroma. Since Ollier's disease is self-limited in that it usually stops spontaneously as the patient grows, and since the cartilaginous lesions in occasional cases may regress or even disappear, any cartilaginous lesions that are still active or painful after termination of the growth period should be examined thoroughly under suspicion of undergoing malignant transformation.
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PMID:A case of Ollier's disease of the hand. 901 45

The expression of c-met proto-oncogene product (c-MET) has been reported to be related to invasive growth or tumor stage in some tumors, but little is known concerning the significance of c-MET expression in bone tumors. With use of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens and polyclonal antibody for c-MET, we studied the expression of c-MET in 122 cases of malignant bone tumors (43 osteosarcomas, 24 chondrosarcomas, 21 malignant fibrous histiocytomas of bone, 16 Ewing's sarcoma versus primitive neuroectodermal tumors, 18 chordomas), 65 cases of benign tumors and tumor-like lesions (including 8 giant cell tumors of bone, 8 chondroblastomas, 12 enchondromas, 7 osteochondromas, 10 fibrous dysplasias), 7 cases of articular cartilaginous tissue, and 10 cases of fetal vertebral tissue consisting of foci of enchondral ossification and notochordal tissue. In malignant tumors, c-MET expression was most frequently detected in chordoma (94.4%), followed by chondrosarcoma (54.2%) and osteosarcoma (23.3%). Among the osteosarcoma specimens, c-MET expression was frequently detected in the chondroblastic subtype (66.7%), but the incidence was low in the cases with other subtypes of osteosarcoma. We found no significant correlation between the c-MET expression and the histologic grade of malignancy in either osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma. c-MET expression was either rarely observed or completely negative in malignant fibrous histiocytomas of bone (4.8%) and primitive neuroectodermal tumors (0%). In benign tumors and tumor-like lesions, c-MET expression was frequently detected in cartilaginous tumors, such as chondroblastoma (62.5%), enchondroma (66.7%), and osteochondroma (71.4%), but no expression was observed in giant cell tumors of bone or any other benign tumors or tumor-like lesions. In normal tissue, c-MET expression was frequently detected in the articular cartilage (100%) and notochord (70.0%) specimens examined. We conclude that c-MET expression as frequent as that observed in the notochordal tissue, chordomas, articular cartilage, and cartilaginous tumors is related to the development of both normal tissue and chondroid tumors.
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PMID:Expression of c-met proto-oncogene product (c-MET) in benign and malignant bone tumors. 926 27


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