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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 20-year-old man complained of increasing pain and swelling in the right ankle joint. Radiographs of the ankle demonstrated an ill-defined osteolytic lesion in the talus associated with a small, round bone formation just proximal to the neck of that bone. Histologic examination of the lesion showed osteoblastic osteosarcoma originating in the talus. Below-knee amputation was performed because of the peripheral location of the tumor and the close anatomic confines of the foot. A literature review demonstrated that the calcaneus and metatarsals are favorite sites of this tumor in the foot, with only one case in the talus. A second case of osteosarcoma in the talus seems to have not been previously reported.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the talus. A case report. 822 31

The inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is an intracellular calcium channel that mediates the cellular actions of a wide variety of hormones, growth factors, and cytokines. In osteoblastic cell cultures, many bone resorbing hormones increase phosphoinositide turnover, inositol trisphosphate production, mobilization of intracellular calcium, and the secretion of osteoclast recruitment and activating factors. In this study, the effects of 17 beta-estradiol, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), phrobol ester, and serum on IP3R mRNA levels were evaluated in osteogenic-osteosarcoma cells and in primary osteoblastic cultures derived from neonatal rat calvaria. Type-specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that all cell types evaluated (G-292, U-2 OS, Saos-2, MC3T3-E1, UMR-106, and calvarial osteoblastic cells) express IP3R mRNA type I; G-292, U-2 OS, MC3T3-E1, and calvarial osteoblastic cells also express type II IP3R mRNA; and UMR-106 and the calvarial osteoblastic cells express type III IP3R mRNA. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses of human G-292 osteosarcoma cells and rat calvarial osteoblastic cells showed that phorbol ester and serum increase IP3R mRNA levels, whereas 17 beta-estradiol and 1,25(OH)2D3 decrease these levels. In G-292 cells, the effect of 17 beta-estradiol was not due to accelerated IP3R mRNA degradation and required continued protein synthesis. The results show that multiple IP3R types are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells and that this expression is regulated by 17 beta-estradiol and other osteoporotic and antiosteoporotic hormones. These findings indicate that hormonal control of IP3R expression may be relevant in the chronic regulation of osteoblast secretory activity.
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PMID:Inositol trisphosphate receptor gene expression and hormonal regulation in osteoblast-like cell lines and primary osteoblastic cell cultures. 897 Aug 90

We studied the expression of estrogen-related receptor ERR-1 during mouse embryonic development. ERR-1 mRNA is present in bones formed by both the endochondral and intramembranous routes, and the onset of its expression coincides with bone formation. By RT-PCR experiments, we found that ERR-1, but not the related receptor ERR-2, is expressed in osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell lines as well as in primary osteoblastic cell populations derived from normal human bone. By gel shift analysis we found that ERR-1 binds as a monomer specifically to the SFRE sequence (SF-1-responsive-element; TCAAGGTCA). Mutation analysis revealed that both the core AGGTCA motif and the TCA 5'-extension are required for efficient ERR-1 binding. In transient transfection assays, ERR-1 acts as a potent transactivator through the SFRE sequence. This effect is cell-specific since ERR-1 activates transcription in the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17.2/8 as well as in HeLa, NB-E, and FREJ4 cells but not in COS1 and HepG2 cells. Notably, the osteopontin (a protein expressed by osteoblasts and released in the bone matrix) gene promoter is a target for ERR-1 transcriptional regulation. Our findings suggest a role for ERR-1 in bone development and metabolism.
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PMID:The ERR-1 orphan receptor is a transcriptional activator expressed during bone development. 917 50

Osteosarcoma lymph node metastasis are uncommon. This paper shows two patients having osteoblastic osteosarcoma with loco-regional lymph node involvement. In the first case two inguinal and pelvic adenomegalies were found to have tumor metastasis two years and a half after initial diagnosis in a control radiological study. Currently the patient is alive three months after the lymphadenectomy. In the second case, several inguinal high density tumoral nodules were identified during the workup of primary tumor.
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PMID:[Lymphatic metastases of osteosarcomas]. 949 23

We previously demonstrated a correlation between wild-type p53 expression and appearance of osteoblastic-specific differentiation characteristics, as evidenced by basal osteocalcin gene expression in a mouse osteosarcoma tumor. The study reported here further explored the possibility of p53's having a distinct transcription-activating role in bone differentiation, in addition to its proposed role in G1 arrest and apoptosis. ROS17/2.3 osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells were stably transfected with a plasmid containing wild-type p53 binding sequences fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. These cells were used to determine the transactivating role of p53 in regulation of osteocalcin gene expression. We chose two conditions under which osteocalcin expression is known to be upregulated: exposure of osteoblastic cells to differentiation-promoting medium and to vitamin D3. Exposure of the transfected cells to differentiation-promoting medium produced an increase in p53 transactivating activity correlating with the appearance of osteocalcin expression after about 1 wk. Vitamin D3 treatment resulted in upregulation of osteocalcin activity without a corresponding change in p53 transactivation activity or expression. In separate experiments, we tested whether changes in osteocalcin expression accompanied changes in p53 activity under conditions of downregulation of cell proliferation mediated by inhibition of DNA synthesis. Hydroxyurea treatment was used to inhibit DNA synthesis and produce growth arrest in osteoblastic cells. Inhibition of osteoblast cell proliferation was associated with a fourfold increase in p53 transactivating activity and a transient increase in osteocalcin steady-state expression. These results demonstrated a close relationship between p53 and osteocalcin and suggested a regulatory role for wild-type p53 in the control of basal osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblasts.
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PMID:p53 transactivity during in vitro osteoblast differentiation in a rat osteosarcoma cell line. 1036 15

Osteosarcomatous differentiation in phyllodes tumors is uncommon. The clinicopathologic features of 22 such cases in our files were retrospectively reviewed to evaluate the prognostic significance of this rare neoplasm. All patients were women between 40 and 83 years of age (mean, 60 years). Most (73%) presented with a palpable mass. None had prior irradiation to the breast or chest region. Patients were treated with excisional biopsy (N = 4), partial mastectomy (N = 1), or mastectomy (N = 17). All axillary nodes, dissected in 11 patients, were free of tumor. Two patients had extramammary spread at diagnosis. The neoplasms measured 1.9-15 cm (mean, 6.4 cm); 54% were grossly circumscribed or multilobulated. The osteosarcomatous component was classified as fibroblastic (N = 11), osteoclastic (N = 6), or osteoblastic (N = 5) and occupied a variable percentage of the phyllodes' stroma ranging from -25% to essentially 100% of the neoplasm. Of 21 patients with available follow-up, 11 (52%) were alive at a median follow-up of 44 months. Nine patients (43%) developed locally recurrent (N = 1) or metastatic (N = 8) disease. Metastases were clinically apparent within 1 year of diagnosis in all eight patients; seven died within 12 months of detection of initial metastasis. By univariate analysis, gross tumor size and osteosarcoma subtype significantly correlated with prognosis. In a multivariate analysis, neither of these factors were independent prognosticators. Phyllodes tumors with an osteosarcomatous component are potentially aggressive neoplasms, particularly when large (>5 cm) or associated with an osteoclastic or osteoblastic osteosarcoma. Complete excision without axillary dissection is advised.
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PMID:Osteosarcomatous differentiation in phyllodes tumors. 1040 5

Two cases of osteogenic sarcoma with skeletal muscle metastases are described. A 40-year-old woman presented with progressive swelling of both calves and a soft tissue back lump. She had been diagnosed with mandibular chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma 6 years earlier. Radiographs showed calcified masses. MRI scans and bone scintigraphy revealed multiple soft tissue masses in both calves. Bone scintigraphy also showed uptake in the back lump, right thigh and left lung base. Biopsy confirmed metastatic chondroblastic osteogenic sarcoma, which initially responded well to chemotherapy. However, the metastatic disease subsequently progressed rapidly and she died 21 months after presentation. The second case concerns a 20-year-old man who presented with a pathologic fracture of the humerus, which was found to be due to osteoblastic osteogenic sarcoma. He developed cerebral metastases 17 months later, followed by metastases at other sites. Calcified masses were subsequently seen on radiographs of the abdomen and chest. CT scans confirmed the presence of densely calcified muscle metastases in the abdominal wall, erector spinae and gluteal muscles. The patient's disease progressed rapidly and he died 30 months after presentation.
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PMID:Osteogenic sarcoma with skeletal muscle metastases. 1042 40

We present a case of osteosarcoma arising in an osteochondroma of the right fibula in a 30-year-old woman. The available radiographic studies of the lesion were not suggestive of malignant transformation. The lesion and underlying bone were excised. Histologic examination showed a conventional high-grade osteoblastic osteosarcoma that focally eroded the fibrocartilaginous cap. The patient received postoperative chemotherapy and shows no evidence of disease 27 months following operation. The occurrence of osteosarcoma in an osteochondroma is an extremely rare event, and only a few cases are on record in the literature.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma arising in a solitary osteochondroma of the fibula. 1045 34

Osteosarcoma cells are useful for investigating bone metabolism as malignant counterpart of osteoblasts. In hematogenous metastases of osteosarcoma cells, the cells need to adjust to various changes in pericellular environment. The changes in pericellular environment may change intracellular environment and consequently the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) which destroy extracellular matrices. In this report, a new cell line, KOS-1, derived from human osteoblastic osteosarcoma was established, and we assumed various culture conditions containing ingredients of the extracellular matrix to make a comparative study on MMPs detected from the culture supernatants. A wide spectrum of MMPs, including MMP-1 and -3 which were increased in the presence of interleukin 1 beta, was detected in this cell line. Production of MMP-1, the enzyme which decomposes types I, II, III and X collagen, by the cells, was increased in the presence of type I collagen. MMP-3 (stromelysin-1) which degrades types III and IV collagen, laminin, fibronectin, proteoglycan, etc. was produced more abundantly in the presence of type IV collagen. MMP-2 (72-kd type IV collagenase/gelatinase A) activity was found to be increased in the presence of gelatin and type IV collagen. The MMPs production in cultured osteosarcoma cells was changed depending on the culture conditions. This indicates that the same osteosarocma cells produce different amounts and kinds of enzymes involved in local infiltration and remote metastases and increase the production of the enzymes most required under a specific environment.
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PMID:Establishment of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma cell line and effects of cell culture conditions on secretion of matrix metalloproteinases from the cultured osteosarcoma cells. 1094 49

Intracortical osteosarcoma is the rarest anatomic variation of osteosarcoma. There have been only 12 cases reported in the English-language literature. We present a case of osteosarcoma in an 18-year-old Taiwanese man that originated within the cortex of the tibial diaphysis. The initial radiograph revealed a lytic mass confined to the cortex, mimicking a benign bone lesion. Histopathologic examination of the biopsy specimen showed an osteoblastic osteosarcoma mingled with some fibroblastic foci. He underwent en bloc resection, and a metallic prosthetic intercalary stem was used to replace the larger bone defect. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered before and after the operation. He was free of disease during 40 months of follow-up. A review of all reported cases of intracortical osteosarcoma revealed that the initial method of treatment plays an important role in local recurrence and distant metastasis. Local excision and curettage leads to the worst results. The outcomes of more recently reported cases have improved because of early awareness of the possibility of malignancy and advances in chemotherapy. However, whether patients with intracortical osteosarcoma have a different prognosis from those with conventional osteosarcoma cannot be determined, because of the small number of intracortical osteosarcoma cases available for analysis.
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PMID:Intracortical osteosarcoma: report of a case. 1100 Jul 37


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