Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sarcoma - lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and serum blocking of this activity was studied by the in vitro microcytotoxicity test in three patients with osteogenic sarcoma who received preoperative irradiation. All three patients had complete histologic disappearance of the tumor between three to five months after irradiation. Lymphocyte cytotoxicity was present before and after treatment in two patients and post-treatment in one. No serum blocking activity was detected in any of these three patients. They are all alive over four years post-therapy without evidence of active disease.
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PMID:Disapperance of osteogenic sarcoma after irradiation: immunologic observations. 106 52

The study comprised 97 patients treated by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group for high-grade, extremity-localized osteosarcoma. Chemotherapy was according to the T-10 protocol, with four courses of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) given preoperatively at weekly intervals. Seventeen percent of the patients obtained a good (grade III or IV) histologic response, 62% a moderate (grade II) response and 21% a poor (grade I) response. Grade II-IV responders had significantly higher serum MTX levels than grade I responders. Good responders had significantly better survival than moderate/poor responders, and had a trend towards both lower recurrence rate and longer time to recurrence. Five-year overall and relapse-free survival for all patients was 63% and 53%, respectively. Within a group of patients with similar primary tumour response, there was a trend for better survival with increasing serum MTX levels, indicating that individualization of MTX doses according to renal excretion rates may be indicated. The present results underline the importance of introducing effective chemotherapy from the start of osteosarcoma treatment, and that HDMTX alone seems to be insufficient preoperative therapy. The toxicity of HDMTX is generally mild, but we have by cerebral MRI found signal changes in white matter in 14/22 patients; changes that may represent subclinical MTX CNS toxicity. In the subsequent SSG osteosarcoma protocol, cisplatin and doxorubicin has been added to HDMTX from the start of treatment. Our data also suggest that an aggressive approach involving second-line chemotherapy and surgery is indicated for metastatic disease and that such an approach may lead to long-term survival in up to 30% of patients.
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PMID:The treatment of osteosarcoma: present trends. The Scandinavian Sarcoma Group experience. 162 72

A Head and Neck Sarcoma Registry was established by the Society of Head and Neck Surgeons to review treatment results of a rare tumor by surgeons with special interest in this anatomic site. Two hundred fourteen patients were analyzed. There were 194 adult tumors and 20 pediatric tumors. The major sites included parotid and neck, 20%; face and forehead, 18%; maxilla and palate, 13%; scalp, 12%; mandible, 11%; paranasal sinuses, 7%; larynx, 2%; and oral cavity, 5%. Eighty-four percent were resectable. The disease-free survival was 56%; overall survival was 70% at 5 years. Major determinants of survival were adequacy of resection (margins free of tumor) and tumor type. Survival differed according to tumor cell type (tumor grade was not available). Patients with chondrosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma had survival approaching 100%. Patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and fibrosarcoma (FSA) had intermediate survival of 60% to 70%. The worst survival, less than 50% at 5 years, occurred in patients with osteosarcoma, angiosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma in decreasing order. This suggests a rationale for identifying high-risk patients for prospective adjuvant protocols. This study emphasizes the value of recording uncommon tumors to provide relevant information for future study and possibly therapy.
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PMID:Head and neck sarcoma: report of the Head and Neck Sarcoma Registry. Society of Head and Neck Surgeons Committee on Research. 162 88

Three murine sarcoma cells (Dunn osteosarcoma, Gunma clone-4, Sarcoma 1509a) were cultured for four days at various concentrations of CdCl2 or ZnCl2 and assayed for their viability. Dunn osteosarcoma was more sensitive to CdCl2 and less sensitive to ZnCl2 than the others. CdCl2 and ZnCl2 were weekly administered to C3H/He mice intraperitoneally from three days after the inoculation of Dunn osteosarcoma. The size of the tumors was measured twice a week for five weeks. CdCl2 suppressed the growth of the tumor, whereas ZnCl2 did not. These results suggest that CdCl2 has antitumor activity, especially against osteosarcoma.
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PMID:[The effect of CdCl2 and ZnCl2 on Dunn osteosarcoma]. 231 95

Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation are determined in different types of bone tumors by using a double-probe-through-transmission ultrasonic technique. The average values of propagation velocity in different types of tumors are found as 2106, 2304, 2677.5, and 3586 m/s with 1.49%, 1.04%, and 0.74% standard deviation in Giant Cell, Lymphoma, Chondro Sarcoma, and Osteogenic Sarcoma, respectively. Absorption coefficient of ultrasound is found to be minimum as 19.7 dB/cm with 0.002% standard deviation in Lymphoma, and high in Osteochondroma and not measurable with the present setup. A direct technique for the diagnosis and differentiation of various types of tumors can be developed by standardization of the data.
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PMID:Measurement of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in bone tumors, in vitro. 240 61

The study of bone cancer has been difficult in part due to a lack of appropriate in vitro osteosarcoma model systems. The development of such systems is essential if a clearer understanding of the biology of and mechanisms behind the formation and progression of bone cancers is to be obtained. We report here the development of an in vitro model system which demonstrates important characteristics generally associated with osteosarcoma. The chick periosteal osteogenesis model was infected with the Fujinami Sarcoma Virus (FSV) containing the v-fps oncogene which encodes for a P140gag-fps protein-tyrosine kinase. Under the appropriate conditions FSV infected cultures developed bone and cartilaginous tissues which showed histopathological findings consistent with osteosarcoma. Biochemical data indicating massive increases in alkaline phosphatase activity, protein content, 3H-Thymidine incorporation as well as expression of active P140gag-fps confirm that transformation has occurred in FSV infected cultures. This novel in vitro model system should prove most useful in the study of bone cancer.
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PMID:In vitro transformation of osteoblasts: putative formation of osteosarcoma in vitro. 282 12

The short-term metabolic fate of labeled nitrogen derived from [13N]ammonia or from L-[amide-13N]glutamine was determined in murine tumors known to be resistant (Ridgeway Osteogenic Sarcoma (ROS] or sensitive (Sarcoma-180 (S-180)) to glutaminase therapy. At 5 min after intraperitoneal injection of [13N]ammonia or of L-[amide-13N]glutamine, only about 0.7% of the label recovered in both tumors was in protein and nucleic acid. After [13N]ammonia administration, most of the label (over 80%) was in a metabolized form; a large portion of this metabolized label (50-57%) was in the urea fraction with a smaller amount in glutamine (37-42%). The major short-term fate of label derived from L-[amide-13N]glutamine was incorporation into components of the urea cycle with smaller amounts in the acidic metabolites and in acidic amino acids. No labeled urea was found during in vitro studies in which S-180 tumor slices were incubated with [13N]ammonia, suggesting that the [13N]urea formed in the tumor in the in vivo experiments was not due to de novo synthesis through carbamyl phosphate in the tumor. Both tumors exhibited very low glutamine synthetase activity. Following glutaminase treatment, glutamine synthetase and gamma-glutamyltransferase activities, while remaining low, increased in the resistant tumor but not in the sensitive tumor; this increase may be related to the insensitivity of the ROS tumor toward glutaminase treatment.
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PMID:[13N]Ammonia and L-[amide-13N]glutamine metabolism in glutaminase-sensitive and glutaminase-resistant murine tumors. 286 80

By studying histochemically and ultrastructurally a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone with neoplastic osteoid elements, the distinction of the tumor from osteosarcoma was discussed. MFH was likely to originate from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that induced a histiocytic line of differentiation, and some histiocytes seemed to be transformed into well differentiated fibroblastic cells which accordingly differentiated into fibroblasts and osteoblasts. This may explain the existence of the osseous elements in MFH. Sarcoma showing the bimodal--histiocytic and fibroblastic--differentiation should be diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, even if it contains tumorous osteoid; it must be clearly distinguished from osteosarcoma, in which the various cells only on a fibroblastic line of differentiation can be identified and the osteoblasts are the predominant cells.
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PMID:A study on the osseous elements in malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. 298 93

Sarcolectins are present in a great variety of tissues from mammalian origin. Such substances were observed to be secreted from cultures of human embryonic fibroblasts, human osteosarcoma and rat Rous sarcoma transformed cells and could be extracted from TG 180 Crocker Sarcoma or normal human placenta. All sarcolectins tested here, were comparable by their physicochemical properties to those previously reported in hamster or human sarcomas. Indeed, they are proteins or glycoproteins, resistant to pepsin and migrate in SDS-PAGE in the 65 kDa area. They agglutinate cells with an affinity for simple sugars and degrade previously established interferon-induced antiviral resistance. Considering the hamster sarcolectin as reference in this comparative study, both differences and similarities in the antigenic properties of mouse, rat and human sarcolectin variants were demonstrated. An indirect immunofluorescence assay showed that sarcolectins were specifically labelled on the cell surface but not detected in the cytoplasm after methanol or acetone permeabilization of the membrane. By electron microscopy, using immunoperoxidase labelling, sarcolectins can be localized on the surface of normal, transformed, human or rat cells. Only limited segments of normal cell membranes were labelled, while transformed cells were frequently stained on their whole surface. Other known extracellular proteins, such as fibronectin and collagen, did not share common antigenic determinants with sarcolectins.
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PMID:Cell distribution and antigenic properties of mammalian sarcolectins. 311 55

The single-cell fluorescence cytometric data presented in this study basing on measurements on 6 osseous Ewing's-Sarcoma and 17 classical osteosarcoma are showing a mirrorlike behaviour to cytological and histological appearance. The cellular monotony in Ewing's-Sarcoma and the polymorphic appearance of osteosarcoma are represented by typical aneuploid DNA-histograms. Ewing's-Sarcoma histogram's show a large peak between the diploid and tetraploid region and little deviation to the octoploid value. The conventional osteosarcomas are characterised by a very polyploid and changeable DNA-histogram with variable blocks and peaks and deviation up to 34c. Special trends in the subtypes are remarkable, but depend on further investigations. DNA-measurements support objectivization of histological appearance on the one hand and the controlling of therapeutical responses on the other hand.
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PMID:[Fluorescence cytophotometric DNA studies of Ewing and osteosarcomas]. 345 35


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