Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with osteosarcoma have been submitted to four-fold selection using parameters previously shown to be associated factors. These are sex, age at onset, haptoglobins and histological type. Further data have been added to the final resulting sequence of patients. In the four-fold selected group there is an age-dependent AB0 distribution which confirms the relevance of the criteria used and, consequently, the influence on sarcoma development. It can be assumed from these investigations that the occurrence of osteosarcoma is modified by several genetically fixed factors (HP type, sex, AB0 group).
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PMID:The development of osteosarcoma in four-fold selected group of patients. 191 82

The growth inhibitory effect of methotrexate (MTX) on osteosarcoma cells was studied in dysthymic nude mice bearing tumor transplants obtained from a patient before (PRE-CHEM) and after (POST-CHEM) preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma of the distal femur. Cell proliferation was analyzed by autoradiographic evaluation of the fraction of labeled cells after continuous administration of 3H-thymidine for seven days. Histomorphometric analysis of the tissue distribution of cells in the partly ossified tumors was performed. The PRE-CHEM sarcoma transplants showed a significant reduction of labeled interphases from 52 to 1.7 percent upon daily MTX treatment of the mice as compared to controls. In contrast, MTX treatment did not inhibit cell proliferation in the POST-CHEM tumor transplants in which approximately 70 percent of the cells were labeled. Tumor volume increased by 65 and 54 percent in the MTX-treated PRE- and POST-CHEM groups, respectively. During the same eight-day period, control transplant volume increased by 30 percent (PRE-CHEM) and 20 percent (POST-CHEM). Tumor cell densities in the MTX-treated groups were reduced by a factor of approximately 11 in the PRE-CHEM transplants and by a factor of approximately 1.5 in the POST-CHEM transplants. The results show that in this patient the osteosarcoma cells had changed their responsiveness to MTX during the preoperative chemotherapy period. In both the MTX-sensitive and non-sensitive tumor lines, exposure to MTX induced increased tumor volume by increasing the extra cellular matrix volume, irrespective of the neoplastic cell proliferation rate. This effect of MTX was most pronounced in the MTX-sensitive tumor line. These results indicate that in the clinical situation it is difficult to judge the response to chemotherapy even from morphologic parameters.
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PMID:Cell proliferation rate and tumor volume in human osteosarcoma during exposure to methotrexate. A study on tissue transplants in nude mice. 193 Sep 63

Alterations of blood analyses have been studied at relapse of patients with osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. The tests included erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin (Hb), leukocyte and thrombocyte counts, gamma glutamyltransferase (GT), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Sixteen relapsing patients diagnosed from 1970 to 1987 were eligible in each sarcoma group. Median age was 16 years (range 9-30) at diagnosis. The blood tests seemed to be of no help in detecting relapse of osteosarcoma, while ESR, LD and GT rose significantly in relapsing patients with Ewing's sarcoma. ESR was best correlated to disease activity.
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PMID:Alterations of blood analyses at relapse of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. 197 22

The pathologic material from 56 patients diagnosed initially as Ewing's sarcoma of the distal extremity and treated on National Cancer Institute protocols between 1968 and 1984 was reviewed and correlated with clinical outcome. Histologically, the tumors were categorized, based on recent pathologic criteria, into three diagnostic groups: (1) typical Ewing's sarcoma, (2) atypical Ewing's sarcoma, and (3) other (predominantly peripheral neuroepithelioma [PN]). Thirty-two patients (57%) had typical Ewing's, 13 (23%) were atypical, and 11 (20%) were in the "other" diagnostic category (seven [13%] PN, two primitive rhabdomyosarcoma, one primitive sarcoma of bone, and one synovial cell sarcoma). No cases of metastatic neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, or lymphoma were found. Forty-five patients had localized disease at diagnosis; 11 had metastases. Patients with typical Ewing's sarcoma were less likely to have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Only two of 32 patients with typical Ewing's sarcoma had metastases compared with nine of 24 patients in the two other groups. The pattern of relapse was also different in these other groups compared with typical Ewing's patients; five patients developed lymph node metastases and two patients developed brain metastases. Although the presence of metastatic disease at diagnosis was a strong negative prognostic factor, our histologic grouping was independently prognostic of clinical outcome in patients with localized disease. Patients with typical osseous Ewing's sarcoma had an improved overall survival (P2 = 0.03) and patients with other tumors (neither typical nor atypical Ewing's sarcoma) had a poorer disease-free survival (P2 = 0.02). Since no generally accepted histopathologic prognostic criteria exist for Ewing's sarcoma, the potential value of our proposed classification should be evaluated in a larger retrospective and a prospective study.
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PMID:Prognostic value of histopathology in Ewing's sarcoma. Long-term follow-up of distal extremity primary tumors. 198 13

This study explores the relationship between histologic variants of bone sarcomas and previous therapy in patients in whom an unrelated malignant neoplasm had been diagnosed during childhood. Sarcomas of bone were the most common second malignant neoplasm (SMN) reported to the Late Effects Study Group, a 13-institution consortium consisting of pediatric oncology centers from western Europe, Canada, and the United States. The authors attempted to relate the histologic subtypes of the 91 bone tumors to clinical factors such as previous therapy and genetic predisposition because morphologic variants have been shown to have biologic significance in other tumors and may have etiologic import. The literature concerning the subtypes of bone tumors, clinical and experimental, is also reviewed. The authors also investigated the effect of several factors on the time interval from the first diagnosis to the SMN (i.e., the bone sarcoma). Anthracyclines significantly shortened the interval by about 3 years. The primary diagnosis also significantly affected the interval, with leukemia/lymphomas having the shortest interval and retinoblastoma the longest. The authors could not demonstrate any significant relationship between morphologic characteristics of the osteosarcoma and predisposing conditions. However, lesions diagnosed as chondrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma occurred almost exclusively in patients who had received radiation therapy to the site in which the SMN developed.
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PMID:Bone sarcomas as second malignant neoplasms following childhood cancer. 198 16

The results of a specific type of prosthetic reconstruction of the knee (total replacement arthroplasty) after resection of a sarcoma of the proximal part of the tibia in sixteen patients were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnosis was stage-IIB osteogenic sarcoma in nine patients, stage-IIB malignant fibrous histiocytoma in three patients, and stage-IB sarcoma of various types in four patients. The length of tibial resection ranged from 100 to 257 millimeters. Of the eleven patients who were available for functional examination (mean duration of follow-up, sixty-three months), three patients had an excellent result, seven had a good result, and one had a fair result. Of the five patients who were not available for functional testing, one who was doing well was lost to follow-up at eighty months, one had died of metastases at sixteen months, and three had had a secondary amputation for infection or for loosening of the prosthesis.
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PMID:Prosthetic arthroplasty of the knee after resection of a sarcoma in the proximal end of the tibia. A report of sixteen cases. 199 23

The clinical, radiologic, and histologic features of 22 cases of Paget sarcoma were reviewed to determine in which patients with Paget disease these tumors are most likely to develop and what radiologic findings suggest the diagnosis. Clinical findings at presentation included pain and/or a mass (11 patients), pathologic fracture (seven), and neurologic symptoms (four). Survival time in 20 patients ranged from 5 days to 2.5 years. Two patients were lost to follow-up: one at 2 years and one at 8 years. There were 16 high-grade osteosarcomas, three chondrosarcomas, two fibrosarcomas, and one malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The most common site was the femur. Tumors also were observed in unusual sites. In one case of multifocal osteosarcoma, the tumor involved only pagetic bone. In 15 patients, Paget disease was polyostotic, clinically significant, and had been documented previously. In four patients, a sarcoma developed near the site of a fracture that had occurred between 2 months and 15 years previously. All cases showed radiologic evidence of a destructive lesion; other findings included a mass and evidence of tumor mineralization. Periosteal reaction was not observed. All but one tumor developed in a site of osteoblastic or mixed osteoblastic and lytic Paget disease. Our results suggest that sarcomas can develop in any part of any bone affected by Paget disease but are more likely to occur with advanced disease and to present with a destructive lesion without periosteal reaction.
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PMID:Sarcoma in Paget disease of bone: clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features in 22 cases. 202 67

249 thoracotomies for lung-metastases were performed in 202 patients at the 2nd Dept. of Surgery of the Vienna University Clinic till 1989. Age ranged from 2 to 78 years, 14 patients were younger than 18 years. The primary tumour was a carcinoma in 143 cases, a sarcoma in 45 cases and a melanoma in 14 patients. The primary tumour in the young patients was osteosarcoma in 8 cases, Ewing sarcoma in 2 cases and Wilms tumour in 2 patients. With a minimal follow up period of 2.5 years the 5-years-survival after metastasectomy was 42% for patients with carcinoma and 29% for the sarcoma patients. None of the patients with melanoma survived 5 years. A significant difference was found between the carcinoma and sarcoma groups with respect to survival rate. A prognostic factor was the disease-free interval in carcinoma patients. Actuarial post-thoracotomy survival in patients with osteogenic sarcoma was 34% at 5 years and 18% in the soft-tissue sarcoma group. Size of lesion, vitality of the metastases and the disease free interval correlated with survival in the osteogenic group, whilst the number of lesions was of importance in the soft-tissue group. On account of the lesser functional morbidity and the enablement to assess both lungs for treatment, the median sternotomy is recommended for cases with bilateral lung metastases. The results justify an aggressive surgical approach for the treatment of lung metastases.
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PMID:[Resection of lung metastases. Results and prognostic factors]. 203 96

Thirty-three cases of postirradiation sarcoma (PIS) from the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry were analyzed. The most frequent first primary tumors were cancers of the breast (seven cases) and female reproductive organs (13 cases). Five patients had a childhood cancer. The median total radiation dose at the site of the PIS was 3600 cGy (1600 cGy to 11200 cGy). The median interval from start of radiation therapy to detection of PIS was 13.2 years (3.4 to 22.8 years). The PIS was of soft tissue origin in 25 of 33 cases. The most frequent histologic types were osteosarcoma (ten cases, including four extraskeletal tumors), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (ten cases), and fibrosarcoma (six cases). The overall crude 5-year survival rate was 29% (calculated from the start of treatment for PIS), and for patients initially treated with either radical surgery or combined marginal surgery and postoperative irradiation it was 67%. The authors conclude that there is a chance for cure for radically treated patients with postirradiation sarcoma that emphasizes the importance of regular long-term follow-up of cancer patients.
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PMID:Postirradiation sarcoma. Analysis of a nationwide cancer registry material. 206 71

Two murine monoclonal antibodies, 29-13 (IgG1) and 29-2 (IgG2a), generated against malignant fibrous histiocytoma plasma membranes immunoprecipitated a Mr 200,000 protein (p200), with an isoelectric point between 6.3 and 7.5. Two additional antibodies, 35-16 (IgG1) and 30-40 (IgG2a), generated against Ewing's sarcoma membranes, immunoprecipitated an acidic protein of Mr 160,000 (p160), with an isoelectric point between 5.8 and 6.7. Monoclonal antibodies 29-13 and 29-2 recognize a similar determinant(s) on p200 while 35-16 and 30-40 recognize different determinants on p160. Monoclonal antibody 29-13 exhibited significant binding to membranes isolated from fibrosarcoma and aggressive fibromatosis; moderate binding to osteosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma; and minimal to no binding to other soft tissue sarcoma plasma membranes. The p200 protein was not expressed in 16 other malignant tumors and in only 3 of 35 normal human tissue specimens. High levels of p200 were selectively expressed by leiomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma cells as well as neonatal fibroblasts in vitro, but not by other carcinoma cell lines or B-lymphoblasts. The p160 protein appeared to be selectively expressed by Ewing's sarcoma with little or no expression on other sarcomas, carcinomas, or normal tissues. However, the p160 antigen was expressed in Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, melanoma, 4 of 9 carcinomas, and neonatal fibroblasts in vitro. The affinity of MoAbs 29-13, 29-2, 35-16, and 30-40 ranged from 5.3 x 10(8) to 4.7 x 10(9) M-1 for sarcoma membranes with approximately 5 x 10(4) binding sites/sarcoma cell.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody identification and characterization of two human sarcoma-associated antigens. 206 31


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