Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1960 to 1977, 663 resections for pulmonary metastases were performed in 448 patients, 202 with a sarcoma and 246 with a carcinoma. The majority of the patients (70%) had wedge resection or segmentectomy. Operative mortality was 1.0% (7 patients in 663 thoracotomies). With the increased effectiveness of chemotherapy in some specific areas--osteogenic sarcoma and carcinoma of the testis, breast, and colon--the role of surgery is changing. Surgery is now indicated to establish the histology of a solitary lesion, resect metastases unresponsive to chemotherapy, and to reclassify lesions that stabilize but do not disappear totally with chemotherapy.
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PMID:The changing role of surgery for pulmonary metastases. 28 41

This case of a large (31 cm) parosteal osteosarcoma had x-ray documentation 4 1/2 years before treatment. When the tumor began enlarging rapidly, treatment was sought. The tumor histologically showed typical parosteal osteosarcoma as well as malignant cartilage, osteoid, and undifferentiated sarcoma. The case shows one course a parosteal osteosarcoma can take over a 7-year untreated period. The significance of high-grade sarcoma and intramedullary involvement is discussed. When unequivocal high-grade osteosarcoma is present, it should be treated with radical resection and adjuvant multi-drug chemotherapy.
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PMID:A large parosteal osteosarcoma with transformation to high-grade osteosarcoma: a case report. 29 68

An animal model for human osteosarcoma was established in newborn Syrian golden hamsters by injecting productively infected TE-85 cells (cultured human osteosarcoma cells) adjacent to the femur. Tumors were palpable 10 to 15 days following cell injection and enlarged progresively until the animal died (mean survival time was 36 days). The tumor take was 100% and all animals developed pulmonary metastases. Osteoid and bone were identified in sections of the tumor by light and electron microscopy. Invasion of the marrow spaces and adjacent skeletal muscle by the malignant osteoblasts, anaplastic sarcoma cells and multinucleated giant cells was frequently observed. The tumor was transplantable. TE-85 cell surface antigens were demonstrable by immunofluorescence on the surface of the cells of the induced tumors. The present tumor model had unique immunologic characteristics in that no antibodies were demonstrable in the sera of the tumored animals.
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PMID:A model for human osteosarcoma in hamsters. 29 56

A primary malignant sarcoma of bone in an extremity must be removed so that it will not recur locally. Amputation will accomplish this in most cases but a prosthesis is required. In carefully selected cases of malignant giant cell tumour, low-grade chondrosarcoma, low-grade fibrosarcoma, parosteal osteogenic sarcoma and adam-antinoma, resection with insertion of an autograft, allograft or metallic implant has been successful. More recently implants have been used following resection of the more malignant tumours such as osteosarcoma, high-grade fibrosarcoma and high-grade chondrosarcoma, but further time is required to determine the problems secondary to chemotherapy, other complications, the length of time for rehabilitation, and the quality of life after this procedure as compared with the more conventional amputation with early prosthetic titting.
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PMID:Place of resection in the management of primary bone tumours. 33 31

The results of clinical and roentgen-morphological studies on 17 cases of multipotent primary sarcoma of the bone are presented. The difficulties of the tumor recognition are due to the fact that it occurs rarely, has no specific clinical-roentgenological picture and shows marked tissue polymorphism. Most frequent are differentiations of the type of osteogenic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, reticulosarcoma with simultaneous combination with areas having the structure of Ewing's tumor, or extensive fields of undifferentiated primitive tumor cells. Further studies are necessary to decide whether or not this tumor is an independent form among other known skeletal neoplasias.
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PMID:[Multipotent primary bone sarcoma]. 34 62

An osteosarcoma developed near the right lesser trochanter of a 55-year-old woman. The neoplasm fulfilled the generally accepted criteria for a Thorotrast related malignancy. Strengthening this relationship was the occurrence of the tumor in an unusual location and uncommon age group. Thorium was confirmed both in the tumor and in bone marrow histiocytes by its characteristic x-ray spectrum. Including this case only twelve Thorotrast-associated neoplasms of bone have been reported. The mean latency period after Thorotrast administration was 26 years. Regression analysis revealed that latency period and Thorotrast dose are inversely related. All tumors were reported to be sarcomas. Six osteosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma, one chondrosarcoma, and one undifferentiated sarcoma were proven histologically. All patients, for whom follow-up was given, had died of the tumor. The reasons behind the low frequency of reported Thorotrast-associated bone malignancies may be the low concentration of 232Th and radioactive daughters in bone, long latency period or the general lack of knowledge concerning the possible relationship between Thorotrast and bone tumors. Statistical association between Thorotrast injection and bone sarcoma is shown. The criteria for the diagnosis of Thorotrastosis are discussed as well as the long term deleterious effects. The distribution of Thorotrast within the body is discussed as well as the associated radiographic changes.
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PMID:Thorotrast-associated sarcoma of bone: A case report and review of the literature. 38 8

The term osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma) is applied to malignant bone-forming tumors, identifiable by the matrix produced, though the histologic pattern may differ greatly. Ths more cellular (osteolytic) forms of the tumor have the poorer prognosis. Other prognostic factors are 1) site of the primary tumor; 2) duration of symptoms; and 3) extent of disease and tumor size. The site of tumor origin is the metaphyseal side of the epiphyseal line. The histogenesis of the tumors accounts for this distribution. Following a diagnostic biopsy, amputation of the extremities remains the treatment of choice. In selected cases, a limb-saving radical en bloc resection may surface. Radiotherapy plays a lesser but important role as adjunctive treatment, and as primary definitive treatment in certain types of bone sarcoma (Ewing sarcoma and primary reticulum cell sarcoma of bone). Until recently, chemotherapeutic agents have been used for late palliation only. Advances in treatment, however, have resulted from the application of innovative postsurgical adjuvant chemotherapy in children. The various chemotherapeutic regimens following amputation in adults and in children are discussed. In most such series of cases following amputation alone, five-year survivals have not exceeded 15-20%, with recurrent disease appearing within 18 months in fatal cases. Current studies reflect more effective regimens of adjuvant chemotherapy, with improved palliative results in metastatic osteogenic sarcoma. Although survival is much prolonged, however, many patients show a recurrence of the disease after long intervals of control, suggesting that five-year survival may not indicate a complete cure. At M.D. Anderson Hospital, th projected overall survival rate at three years is 79% of all patients with nonmetastatic disease. These results have accrued from the use of Compadri-I and Compadri-II regimens of chemotherapy. More intensive therapy may yield higher survival rates. It is known that the immunologic status of a patient definitely relates to prognosis. Although most of the investigations with immunotherapy are preliminary, emphasis is placed on improving the immune system in immunodeficient patients.
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PMID:Osteogenic sarcoma: the past, present, and future. 39 44

The production of a cytotoxic factor synthesized by human haemic killer cells growing in vitro is described. The factor can be found extra- and intra-cellularly. It is released from the cells by an apocrine form of secretion, illustrated by light and electron micrographs. The culture fluid from 14C-labelled killer cells reveals numerous radioactive bands following SDS-gel electrophoresis. The killing factor is precipitated by 30 to 60% saturation of ammonium sulphate. Cultures of human rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma cells are more susceptible to the killer cells than normal human dermal or lung fibroblasts. During contact or killer with target cells a higher level of cytotoxic activity can be detected in the culture fluid. The cell-killing activity is completely inactivated by 30 min at 60 degrees C, but it is not absorbed by target cells during 1 h of incubation. The cytotoxic factor is unlikely to be an interferon since it did not prevent the replication of a wide range of viruses and only a low level of interferon could be detected in the culture medium. The introduction of Strep. faecalis into cultures of killer cells caused their transformation into immunoblast-like cells, indicating their lymphoid origin. The cells did not phagocytose the microorganism. When the humoral factor was injected into fibro-sarcoma-bearing mice approximately 50% survived, whereas all control animals died.
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PMID:A humoral cytotoxic substance produced by a human killer cell line. 41 8

A human revertant cell line, derived from non-producer human osteosarcoma cells (NP/KHOS) induced by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, was treated in vitro with various levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (3-methylcholanthrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene, and benzo(alpha)pyrene [BP] or dimethyl sulfoxide (control). Cells treated only with 3-methylcholanthrene and 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene underwent morphological alteration in vitro, and produced tumors when injected into NIH nude mice. These human revertant cells may be a useful in vitro tool in screening for the potential chemical carcinogens in human cell systems.
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PMID:Chemical transformation of human revertant cells induced by murine sarcoma virus. 41 10

Except for oral administration, there was no grossly observed toxicity from carefully administered high doses of amygdalin in the experimental systems used. The compound in high doses was ineffective against the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma and the following transplanted experimental tumors: Sarcoma 180, plasma cell tumor LPC-1, leukemia L1210, Mecca lymphosarcoma, Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, sarcoma T241, mammary carcinoma E0771, Taper liver tumor, Ehrlich carcinoma (solid and ascites), and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Amygdalin did not noticeably influence the toxicity or impair the efficacy of these chemotherapeutic agents in their respective systems: Cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, cytoxan, or 5-fluorouracil in L1210; the latter two in LPC-1; 6-mercaptopurine in Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma; estradiol-17beta or 2alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone propionate in the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma.
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PMID:Antitumor tests of amygdalin in transplantable animal tumor systems. 64 16


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