Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-six white male subjects, who worked with plutonium (239Pu) during World War II at Los Alamos, have been given medical examinations periodically over a period of 42 y to identify potential health effects. Inhalation was the primary mode of Pu exposures. The latest examinations, including urine bioassay and in-vivo measurements for radioactivity, were performed in late 1986 and 1987. The average age of the 22 living subjects in 1986 was 66 y. The diseases and physical changes noted in these persons are characteristic of a male population in their 60s. Estimates of individual Pu depositions, including lung burdens, as of 1987 or at time of death range from 52 to 3180 Bq (1.4 to 86 nCi) with a median value of 500 Bq (13.5 nCi). Four persons from the original group had died as of 1987. The causes of death were lung cancer, myocardial infarction, accidental injury, and respiratory failure due to pneumonia/congestive heart failure. Expected deaths based on U.S. death rates of white males, adjusted for age and calendar year, are 9.2 based on U.S. rates (standardized mortality ratio = 0.41). Subsequent to 1987, three additional deaths occurred from atherosclerotic heart disease, lung cancer, and osteogenic sarcoma. The bone sarcoma case is discussed in terms of Pu exposure, the natural incidence of this disease, anatomical location of the tumor, and bone tumors observed in Pu-exposed dogs. Plutonium deposition in this man is estimated to have been below current radiation protection guidelines.
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PMID:A 42-y medical follow-up of Manhattan Project plutonium workers. 185 80

The authors report a case of Werner's syndrome complicated by quintuplicate malignancy, and review the literature data. Four malignancies occurred synchronously in the case: osteosarcoma of the left distal tibia, malignant melanoma of the left plantar region, gastric cancer, pulmonary coin lesion. The osteosarcoma and malignant melanoma were treated by below-knee amputation and the gastric cancer by palliative surgery; the pulmonary coin lesion did not respond to cisplatin chemotherapy. It was difficult to treat the multiple primary cancer curatively, and patient died of respiratory failure due to a brain tumor seven months after surgery. The postmortem examination revealed a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland and a leiomyosarcoma of the lung. In some cases of Werner's syndrome, attention should be paid to the concurrent occurrence of multiple primary malignant neoplasms.
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PMID:Werner's syndrome combined with quintuplicate malignant tumors: a case report and review of literature data. 206 29

A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull with metastases to the lungs, left diaphragm, 2nd lumbar and 1st sacral vertebral bodies, and both femoral heads was presented. A young man with a lump over his right parieto-occipital region since the age of 14 had noticed rapid growth of the mass after having experienced definite head trauma. The tumor was surgically removed and the bony defect was repaired with a stainless stell plate. The recurrence of the tumor mass was suppressed by 60Co irradiation, but a necrotic lesion developed over the right temporal scalp. Twenty-two months after the surgical removal of the tumor, the patient died of respiratory failure and septicemia.
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PMID:Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull: case report. 694

A 25-year-old patient, with multiple pulmonary metastases from osteogenic sarcoma who two years ago developed respiratory failure with unilateral left lung involvement and was successfully treated with independent lung ventilation, was readmitted to an ICU with recurrent unilateral lung disease. Conventional therapy failed to reverse the respiratory failure; independent ventilation temporarily improved the patient's oxygenation. At autopsy, different involvement of the two lungs by the tumor was evident so that blood flow of the right lung and lymphatic flow of the left lung were impaired. When respiratory failure unresponsive to conventional therapy develops, anatomical abnormalities should be considered.
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PMID:Recurrent unilateral lung disease. 694 82

A rare case of carcinosarcoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) with rhabdomyoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation occurring in the gastric remnant is reported. A 69-year-old Japanese man who had undergone a partial gastrectomy for a duodenal ulcer 30 years earlier, presented with anemia, epigastralgia, and an abdominal mass. The diagnosis of gastric carcinosarcoma was made based on the findings of endoscopic biopsies. The patient was thus scheduled to undergo a surgical operation, but he died of respiratory failure. At autopsy, a huge polypoid tumor measuring 20 x 18 x 8 cm was located on the greater curvature of the gastric remnant. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of intimately mixed tubular adenocarcinoma and heterologous mesenchymal elements containing rhabdomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Between these components, a morphological transition from the adenocarcinoma element to the sarcomatous element was observed. Ultrastructually, rhabdomyoblastic differentiation was confirmed in the sarcomatous areas. Immunocytochemical expressions of epithelial markers including epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratins (35bH11 and 34bE12) were recognized not only in the carcinomatous cells but also in the sarcomatous cells. These findings suggest that carcinomatous cells appear to transform into cells with sarcomatous features.
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PMID:Gastric carcinosarcoma (sarcomatoid carcinoma) with rhabdomyoblastic and osteoblastic differentiation. 929 37

Indications for RIST have not been established in patients with solid tumors. In this study, we performed RIST as immunotherapy in a 13-yr-old girl with intractable but not progressive osteosarcoma, which originated from the inter-costal region. Carcinomatous pleurisy suddenly developed after the start of a conditioning regimen that included Flu and BUS. She died of respiratory failure on day +19 without signs of engraftment. This case suggests that unexpected acceleration of tumor growth may occur following RIST with immunosuppressive drugs before the development of a beneficial GVT effect.
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PMID:Rapid progression of metastatic osteosarcoma after initiation of a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen with immunosuppressive fludarabine. 1703 29

Cisplatin is one of the most widely used antineoplastic agents in the treatment of solid tumour and haematological malignancies, including cancers of the testes, ovary, bladder, head and neck, oesophagus, stomach and lung, as well as lymphoma and osteosarcoma. Its non-specific targeting commonly results in adverse effects and toxicities affecting the gastrointestinal, renal, neurological and haematological systems even when administered at standard doses. Since cisplatin-related toxicities are dose-dependent, these may be more pronounced in the setting of a cisplatin overdose, resulting in significant morbidity and/or mortality. The incidence of cisplatin overdoses is unknown; however, early-phase clinical trials utilizing high-dose cisplatin, and case reports in the overdose setting have characterized the clinical features associated with cisplatin overdoses, highlighting some therapeutic strategies for consideration. To date, no published guidelines exist for managing a cisplatin overdose. The major toxicities of a cisplatin overdose include nausea and vomiting, renal insufficiency, electrolyte abnormalities, myelosuppression, ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hepatotoxicity and retinopathy. Diarrhoea, pancreatitis, seizures and respiratory failure have also been reported. No specific antidote for cisplatin exists. Key management principles and strategies to lessen toxicities include renoprotection and enhancing drug elimination with aggressive intravenous hydration with or without the use of an osmotic diuretic, and avoidance of nephrotoxic medications. Sodium thiosulfate and plasmapheresis, with or without haemodialysis support, should be strongly considered. Close monitoring of clinical and laboratory parameters, and institution of supportive therapies, including antiemetics and haematopoietic colony stimulating factor support, are warranted. Based on the current literature, experimental therapies such as amifostine, ditiocarb sodium (diethyldithiocarbamate), acetylcysteine, fosfomycin and colestipol are of limited clinical effectiveness and remain investigational. This review serves to highlight the clinical spectrum of toxicities resulting from a cisplatin overdose, to critically appraise the available literature and to present a suggested algorithmic approach for the initial management of a cisplatin overdose.
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PMID:Cisplatin overdose: toxicities and management. 1991 78

An abnormal shadow was detected in a 75-year-old man on a chest roentgenogram, and the patient was referred to our institution. A transbronchial biopsy was carried out and the specimen resulted in a diagnosis of organizing pneumonia. During the follow-up period, the left lung lesion became enlarged. Partial resection of the left lung was performed. Postoperatively, pathological examination of the tumor showed an organizing pneumonia. Approximately 3 years later, a new calcified heterogeneous mass shadow was detected in the left lung and left pleura, which had gradually enlarged. Computed tomography (CT)-guided fine-needle biopsy of the nodule of the left pleura was performed. Microscopically, the specimen led to the diagnosis of low-grade osteosarcoma. Re-evaluation of the primary and secondary lesions were confirmed as the same histopathological findings. A further systemic examination was performed. Finally, the lesion was confirmed as low-grade osteosarcoma of the lung. The patient refused further treatment and died due to respiratory failure.
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PMID:Low-grade osteosarcoma of the lung diagnosed at the time of recurrence. 2357 3

A rare localization of primary osteosarcoma is presented. A woman aged 76 years was operated on for rapid growth of thyroid right lobe tumour. Histopathology showed anaplastic cancer with numerous foci of osseous metaplasia, negative with thyroglobulin, calcitonin, synaptophysin and chromogranin. A high proliferative activity of the tumour was observed (MIB-1 reaction) in the form of a positive reaction in approx. 40% of the tumour cell nuclei. The tumour stage was evaluated as pT4aNxMx according to the TNM scale. The reconsultation revealed negative staining with cytokeratin, and positive with vimentin, thereby confirming the mesenchymal origin of the tumour, with the final diagnosis being primary thyroid osteosarcoma. Taking into consideration the histopathological diagnosis, the extremely low radiation sensitivity of the tumour, the patient's age, the radical surgical treatment and persisting respiratory failure, radiotherapy was rejected in favour of further follow-up. The patient remains under oncological and endocrinological care.
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PMID:Primary osteosarcoma of the thyroid gland - a case report. 2378 71

Respiratory failure due to pulmonary metastasis is the major cause of death for patients with osteosarcoma. However, the molecular basis for metastasis of osteosarcoma is poorly understood. Recently, ezrin, a member of the ERM family of proteins, has been associated with osteosarcoma metastasis to the lungs. The small molecule NSC 668394 was identified to bind to ezrin, inhibit in vitro and in vivo cell migration, invasion, and metastatic colony survival. Reported herein are the design and synthesis of analogues of NSC 668394, and subsequent functional ezrin inhibition studies. The binding affinity was characterized by surface plasmon resonance technique. Cell migration and invasion activity was determined by electrical cell impedance methodology. Optimization of a series of heterocyclic-dione analogues led to the discovery of compounds 21k and 21m as potential novel antimetastatic agents.
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PMID:Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of ezrin inhibitors targeting metastatic osteosarcoma. 2432 77


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