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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Anatomoradiological study, on an amputation specimen for osteosarcoma from a 13 year old girl, of a bone island in the distal femoral epiphysis. It consists of a mature bone core caused by localized remodeling of the spongeous trabeculae, old but still slightly active, clearly different from a bone infarct, a tumoral or infectious process. Discussed the interest of a precise radiological study for making the diagnosis (particularly xerography), the risks of error involved in scintigraphy and the utility of a block excision if a biopsy is performed.
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PMID:Anatomy and radiology of a bone island. 14 15

The time course of 3H-TDR labelling index of osteoprogenitor cells and the doses in endosteum of lumbar vertebra and distal femoral epiphysis were autoradiographically determined in young female mice after single injections of 19.7 and 55.9 micronCi/kg body weight of 226Ra. The selected bone areas were examined in animals killed 2 hours to 28 days after the injection of nuclide. It was ascertained that changes in the relative labelling index are depending on the absorbed doses of alpha radiation. The possible relevance of these experimental findings for the explanation of the osteosarcoma induction and localization is discussed.
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PMID:3H-TDR labelling of osteoprogenitor cells after 226RA incorporation in mice. 26 51

Forty-five cases of osteosarcoma were studied for transepiphyseal spread of the lesion because of the current interest in local resection and chemotherapy as treatment of this disease. In 17 cases, the epiphyseal plate had closed and all 17 had transepiphyseal extension of the tumor. In 28 cases, the epiphyseal plate was open; 21 showed growth or microscopic evidence of transepiphyseal extension of the lesion. The most common method of extension was directly through the epiphyseal plate along vascular channels, or less commonly, about the epiphyseal plate beneath the perichondrium and into the epiphysis along the epiphyeal vascular channels. The majority of these extensions were not detectable by either conventional radiography or radioisotope scanning. Local resection with preservation of the epiphysis will, in all likelihood, leave residual disease despite the oft-quoted statement that an open epiphyseal plate is a biologic barrier to the extension of bone tumors.
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PMID:Transepiphyseal extension of osteosarcoma: incidence, mechanism, and implications. 27 69

The local intra-osseous injection of double zinc beryllium silicate into the tibial or femoral epiphysis of a rabbit causes an osteogenic sarcoma in 70 p. 100 of cases. These experimental conditions make it possible to reveal early non specific radiological alterations, later on secondary alterations corresponding to the development of the sarcoma and finally to follow the spontaneous evolution of the tumor. Moreover, this experimental process of induction of an osteogenic sarcoma by means of a local intra-osseous injection is vastly better than an intra-venous injection which causes straight-away multiple visceral lesions.
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PMID:[Experimental production of bone sarcomas in the rabbit by a single local injection of beryllium]. 106 48

New technology is fueling advances in pediatric orthopaedics. Ultrasonography represents a safe and highly accurate method of screening for hip dislocation and dysplasia that is superior to the clinical examination. Image intensification now provides a safe and more anatomically accurate method for the operative treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Magnetic resonance imaging allows for greater accuracy in the diagnosis of subtle neural abnormalities associated with congenital spinal deformities. Adjuvant chemotherapy and the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma have greatly improved the survival rate and permitted the use of limb-sparing procedures in children.
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PMID:Advances in pediatric orthopaedics. 175 19

Plain radiography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were used to assess the extent of transphyseal involvement in 15 consecutive patients with long bone osteosarcoma and nonfused epiphyses. The findings were correlated with those from surgical and microscopic pathologic examinations. There were no cases of false-positive findings with either MR imaging or plain radiography. Conventional radiography accurately helped predict transphyseal spread in only nine of 15 cases (60%). Spread to the epiphysis was present in 12 of the 15 cases (80%) and was accurately predicted with MR imaging in all 12 cases. This finding contradicts the common misconception that the physis acts as a "barrier" to tumor spread.
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PMID:Epiphyseal involvement in osteosarcoma. 187 Dec 99

In a study of 21 patients with osteogenic sarcoma of the apendicular skeleton proven by biopsy, the diagnostic value of computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of intramedullary tumor growth, epiphyseal and joint involvement was determined. CT findings were correlated with histopathologic findings. 10 of the 21 tumors were located far from the epiphysis, in 11 cases the epiphysis was infiltrated. Tumorous involvement of the articular cartilage occurred in 3 patients, in one case the tumor extended beyond the joint. In 85% of the cases the CT report concerning tumor location in regard to the epiphysis was verified histologically. In 3 cases CT overestimated tumor extension.
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PMID:[Determination of intramedullary extension of osteosarcomas using CT with special reference to the epiphyseal groove]. 275 Feb 65

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed on 14 patients with histologically proved osteosarcoma (mean age, 14.4 years). There was excellent correlation of intramedullary tumor extent as determined with MR imaging and pathologic examination (r = 99%). This was facilitated by the presence of a chemical shift artifact at the tumor-marrow interface on the T1-weighted images. The correlation between CT and pathologic findings was not as good (r = 84%). In a single patient, however, a 10-cm length of sclerotic bone was incorrectly interpreted as being tumor. If this case is excluded, the correlation between CT and pathologic findings improves significantly (r = 96%). T2-weighted images were optimal in demonstrating soft-tissue bulk and breach of the epiphysis or cortex. Vascular involvement was also readily defined. The T2 value of the tumor soft-tissue component decreased in patients who were deemed to have responded well to therapy. Two patients with very high T2 values after chemotherapy developed wide-spread metastatic disease and died. Phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopy of five patients with osteosarcoma showed elevated levels of phosphomonoesters (PMEs), inorganic phosphate (Pi), and phosphodiesters (PDEs). PME and PDE peak areas decreased in three patients after chemotherapy, while Pi peak areas increased.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma: use of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in clinical decision making. 277 93

Osteosarcoma in the metaphysis to epiphysis of the left femur of a 17-year-old male is reported. The lesion appeared osteolytic with sclerotic foci on roentgenographs, accompanied by an extensive tumor shadow in the surrounding soft tissue. While 60% of the tumor was necrotic, histological examination of the remaining viable tissue revealed that it consisted almost entirely of a sheet of epithelioid cells, separated by thin, fibrovascular septa with an alveolar-like pattern, suggestive of metastatic carcinoma. Only a few areas were characterized by malignant osteoid tissue intermingled with the above cells, showing significant positivity for bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and 5'-nucleotidase, thus permitting a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Autopsy findings revealed that the metastatic foci were histologically similar to those of the primary tumor. Electron microscopy revealed poor development of cytoplasmic organelles, supporting possible derivation from an osteoblastic cell lineage at an early stage.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma with prominent epithelioid features. 280 Nov 14

Human bone and cartilage specimens were evaluated for acid and alkaline phosphatase localization following varying fixation periods for fresh or frozen tissue. Formalin fixations of up to 183 hr were followed by embedment in methyl methacrylate; frozen tissue was examined either without fixation or following fixation for up to 1 hr and subsequent glycol or methyl methacrylate embedding. The humeral epiphysis of a young patient with osteogenic sarcoma showed optimum acid and alkaline phosphatase localization following fixation for periods up to 15 hr and embedding in methyl methacrylate. Frozen costochondral junction from a newborn with osteogenesis imperfecta type II showed optimum acid and alkaline phosphatase localization following 30 min fixation in formalin and embedding in methyl methacrylate or after 5 min fixation and embedding in glycol methacrylate.
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PMID:Alkaline and acid phosphatase demonstration in human bone and cartilage: effects of fixation interval and methacrylate embedments. 285 Nov 99


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