Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of 33 surgical specimens of osteosarcoma obtained from 24 patients, eight were established as transplantable tumor lines in immune-deprived CBA/CaJ inbred mice. Each line retained the histological characteristics of the corresponding primary tumor and produced human lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. Volume doubling times, which ranged from a mean of 12.3 +/- 5.6 to 39.3 +/- 9.8 days, were stable for individual lines over multiple passages. Flow cytometric analysis indicated similar cellular DNA content values in the primary human tumors and established xenograft lines; the presence of two separate stem lines, as in the original tumors, was observed in the laboratory models. Comparison of two methods of immune deprivation indicated that thymectomy, whole-body irradiation, and bone marrow reconstitution was associated with a higher rate of successful engraftment than was thymectomy, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine treatment, and whole-body irradiation. Bone marrow-reconstituted mice also showed less variability in tumor volume doubling time. We conclude that osteosarcoma can be heterotransplanted into bone marrow-reconstituted mice with a relatively high success rate and that the xenografts retain features characteristic of the tumors of origin. The availability of these models should prove useful in the development of new therapeutic regimens and in understanding the biology of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Development and characterization of pediatric osteosarcoma xenografts. 232 4

Some locally advanced neoplastic diseases (i.e. head and neck cancer, breast cancer and osteogenic sarcoma), benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy with a resultant enhanced operability and a longer disease-free survival. The pharmacological study of the tissue distribution of adriamycin in patients affected by locally advanced breast cancer has shown a preferable tropism of the drug toward the primary tumor and axillary lymph nodes. Median concentrations of the drug in the tumor were: 9.68 micrograms/gr at 30 minutes, 8.71 micrograms/gr at 24 hours and 6.44 micrograms/gr at 48 hours. Median concentration in lymph nodes at 48 hours was 10.80 in normal and 16.62 in metastatic. Lower concentrations were found at 48 hours in the mammary gland (mean 1.72 micrograms/gr), skin (mean 0.59 micrograms/gr) and in muscle tissue (mean 1.83 micrograms/gr in normal and 2.41 micrograms/gr in metastatic). As regards acute toxicity, we observed that grade II-III leukopenia was associated with longer plasmatic T1/2 beta (3 out of 6 patients) and that grade II mucositis was related to high plasma AUC values (3 out of 6 patients). Nausea and vomiting and alopecia seem to be unrelated to plasma pharmacokinetics parameters. After a median follow-up of 36 months it is suggestive that high drug concentrations in carcinoma and in metastatic lymph nodes may be predictive of longer disease-free survival and overall survival. These data give a further rationale for the use of polychemotherapies containing adriamycin in the pre-operative treatment of locally advanced breast cancer.
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PMID:A pharmacological rationale for neoadjuvant chemotherapy with adriamycin in locally advanced breast cancer. 233 26

In this study, 25 dogs each with a histopathologically diagnosed appendicular or axial osteosarcoma were prospectively and consecutively examined by methylene diphosphate nuclear scintigraphy. Scannings that revealed scintigraphically enhanced focal increased activity via bone uptake of the 99mTc methylene diphosphate radionuclide at sites other than the primary tumor site were compared with scintigrams obtained from dogs without osteosarcoma. Secondary scintigraphic sites were evaluated by survey radiography and, if possible, by histologic examination (biopsy or necropsy specimens). On the basis of our findings, scintigraphy seems to be more efficient than physical examination and radiographic bone survey for the diagnosis of multicentric, metachronous, or metastatic canine osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Single-phase methylene diphosphate bone scintigraphy in the diagnostic evaluation of dogs with osteosarcoma. 234 21

Twenty-one cases in which sarcomas metastasized to the ovaries are reported. The patients ranged from 18 to 79 (average 42) years of age; only five of them were over 50 years old. Eleven tumors were primary in the uterus and 10 outside the genital tract. Three uterine tumors were leiomyosarcomas, and eight, endometrial stromal sarcomas. The extragenital primary tumors were leiomyosarcoma of the stomach (1) and small intestine (2), retrovesical leiomyosarcoma (1), fibrosarcoma of the anterior abdominal wall (1), sarcoma of the mesentery of smooth muscle or neural type (1), hemangiosarcoma probably primary in the heart (1), osteosarcoma of the maxilla (1), chondrosarcoma of the rib (1), and Ewing's sarcoma of the pubic bone (1). The ovarian tumors, most of which were large, were discovered at the same time as the primary tumors in 11 cases; in seven cases, the ovarian tumor was discovered 7 months to 9 years after diagnosis of the primary tumor. In three cases, the ovarian tumors were discovered 4, 7, and 10 months before detection of the primary neoplasm. Two of these tumors were endometrial stromal sarcomas, and one, an epithelioid leiomyosarcoma of the stomach. Eleven ovarian metastases were bilateral. On microscopic examination, the greatest difficulty in pathologic interpretation was posed by the metastatic endometrial stromal sarcomas because of their simulation of sex cord-stromal tumors. Features helpful in their distinction from these tumors included the frequent presence of extra-ovarian disease, bilaterality, and a characteristic content of small arteries resembling the spiral arteries of the late secretory endometrium. The other tumor that caused major diagnostic difficulty was the metastatic epithelioid leiomyosarcoma from the stomach, which had a pattern that initially suggested the solid-tubular pattern of a Sertoli cell tumor.
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PMID:Sarcomas metastatic to the ovary: a report of 21 cases. 237 88

The interim results of the use of high-dose methotrexate with leucovorin rescue for the treatment of 26 patients with osteogenic sarcoma are discussed. Preoperative chemotherapy was followed by marked regression of primary tumor in one out of seven patients with localized disease. In that group, metastasis-free period lasted 2, 3, 10+, 12, 17+ and 24+ months. Response was observed in two out of 19 (10.6%) cases of metastases. Toxic side-effects were moderate and were mainly nausea (38.5% of patients), vomiting (26.9%), elevation of serum transaminase levels (38.5%) and fever (30.7% of cases).
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PMID:[The results of using high-dose methotrexate in treating osteogenic sarcoma]. 237 85

Six patients with extremity osteosarcoma initially underwent successful treatment of the primary tumor with four to seven courses of intraarterial cis-diamminedichloroplatin-II (IA-CDP; 100 to 150 mg/m2/course). The primary tumors in two patients were then extirpated by limb salvage. However, a local soft tissue recurrence occurred in both patients several months later. The other four patients refused surgical intervention and later also developed local bony recurrences. Reinstatement of three to five courses of IA-CDP in all six patients induced a complete response in five. The local recurrences (bony and soft tissue) in all six patients were excised. This included limb-salvage procedures in three patients. Additional postoperative chemotherapy was administered. Four patients remain alive and continuously free of disease 3.5+ to 4.5+ years after retreatment with IA-CDP.
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PMID:Pediatric osteosarcoma. Successful retreatment of relapsed primary tumor and soft tissue recurrence with intraarterial cis-diamminedichloroplatin-II. 238 6

Since the inception of adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma (OS), 25 patients were treated for telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma (TOS) from 1973 through 1980. This represented 12% of all patients with primary OS of an extremity seen during this time period. Tumors that demonstrated only focal areas of TOS with areas of other subtypes were designated not as TOS but as "mixed" subtypes of OS. In the 25 patients with pure TOS, surgery included 18 amputations and seven resections for the primary tumor. Ten patients were treated on the first chemotherapy protocol (T-4) including high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR), Adriamycin (ADR), and cyclophosphamide (CYC). Of those 10 patients, five have been free of disease for seven to ten years from the time of diagnosis. Nine patients were treated on the second protocol (T-7) including HDMTX with CFR, ADR, and the combination bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, and dactinomycin (BCD). Six of those nine patients are disease-free survivors 63 to 88 months (median, 63 months) from diagnosis. Six were treated on the third chemotherapy protocol (T-10) including HDMTX with CFR, ADR, BCD, and the substitution of cisplatinum for those not having a complete response to preoperative chemotherapy with HDMTX. All six of the latter are disease-free survivors 42 to 56 months (median, 49 months) from the start of treatment. Toxicity included two HDMTX-related drug deaths in patients started on treatment prior to 1977. Of the entire group, 17/25 (68%) have remained free of disease at a mean follow-up time of over five and one-half years. This study demonstrates that TOS is responsive to chemotherapy and is potentially curable. Some prior reports of the uniformly poor prognosis of this variant of OS should not discourage attempts of curative therapy by chemotherapy and surgery.
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PMID:Telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma. Improved survival with combination chemotherapy. 242 60

Between April and September 1986, 60 patients with osteosarcoma have been treated according to the T10 protocol in the Pediatrics Department of the Gustave Roussy Institute in Villejuif, France. Limb sparing could be achieved in 49 patients and amputation was necessary in 11. The necrosis of the primary tumor was total or subtotal in 33 cases and incomplete in the 27 others. With a median follow-up of 28 months, the actuarial survival is 85% at 48 months and the actuarial disease-free survival is 58%; the disease-free survival of "good responders" is 75% and 32% for "bad responders".
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PMID:[Experience with protocol T10 in the pediatric service at the Gustave-Roussy Institute]. 245 56

Twelve patients with telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma (TOS) of the extremities were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, according to two different protocols. Preoperatively the patients received high-dose methotrexate(HD-MTX)/cisplatinum(CPD) or HD-MTX/CPD/adriamycin(ADM). CPD was delivered intra-arterially, the other drugs intravenously. Limb salvage surgery was performed in eight instances and four patients underwent amputation. Post operative chemotherapy was tailored according to the grade of necrosis determined by preoperative treatment on the primary tumor. In ten cases (83%) the grade of necrosis resulted higher than 95%. The mean length of follow-up was 3.5 years with a range of 18 to 72 months. Ten patients (83%) remained continuously disease-free, while two patients developed lung metastases and died of uncontrolled disease. No local recurrences were observed. These results are better than those observed in 167 contemporary cases of conventional osteosarcoma treated with the same protocols. This study confirms that TOS is not always a lethal tumor as suggested by prior reports. Employing neoadjuvant chemotherapy a high percentage of patients with TOS can be cured and in most of them, limb sparing surgery is possible and safe.
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PMID:Primary chemotherapy and delayed surgery (neoadjuvant chemotherapy) for telangiectatic osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities. 247 10

A case of true carcinosarcoma primarily arising in the right maxillary sinus is reported in a 60-year-old male. His chief complaints were right nasal obstruction and bleeding. Histological findings of the biopsied primary tumor revealed two components of keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and osteosarcoma which were intricately intermingled. Despite intensive irradiation and chemotherapy, and total maxillectomy, he finally died of rapid tumor recurrence and widely spreading metastases to lungs, pleurae and brain two months later. At autopsy the recurrent and metastatic tumors consisted entirely of the osteosarcoma component, suggesting the efficiency of the radiotherapy and chemotherapy against the carcinomatous component, but not against the sarcomatous one. As for histogenesis, this case was compatible with a combination tumor judging from histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings.
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PMID:True carcinosarcoma of the maxillary sinus. 248 Dec 98


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