Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone is a well-defined tumor by light microscopy but no agreement has been achieved concerning its histogenesis. We present the light and electron microscopic findings of four cases of MFH of bone. In case 1 multiple bone tumors were observed and in case 4 the tumor developed after irradiation. It was our aim to document the cytological variability and to arrange the findings in a histogenetic concept of primary intraosseous MFH. We observed some undifferentiated cells but mainly histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells including intermediate forms, and several types of giant cells. We should emphasize the fact that there were also some large cells with a light microscopic resemblance to rhabdomyoblasts and with electron microscopic characteristics of myoblastic differentiation. From the ultrastructural point of view, therefore, MFHs seem to derive from a primitive mesenchymal stem cell rather than from the ordinary histiocyte. It is suggested that osteosarcoma and MFH of bone may have a common progenitor cell but it is important to make a clear clinico-pathological distinction between the tumors because of differing biological behavior.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. Light microscopic and electron microscopic examination of four cases. 626 73

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissues (MFH), a mesenchymal tumor of varied morphologic patterns and cell types, sometimes contains bone and cartilage. Such bony and cartilaginous elements in a pleomorphic MFH may pose a difficult diagnostic challenge. An MFH with bone and cartilage can be distinguished from extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma and chondrosarcoma on the basis of qualitative and quantitative features of the osseous and chondroid elements. Five cases of soft tissue MFH containing bone and cartilage reported here showed: 1) that the bony and cartilaginous elements are mostly metaplastic and tend to be in the pseudo-capsule or fibrous septa of the tumor; and 2) that the bony elements may show a zoning pattern with peripheral maturation similar to myositis ossificans. In a single case, there was a small amount of "tumor osteoid." However, this was focal and lacked the diffuse and finely divided or ribbon-like pattern generally associated with osteogenic sarcoma. The probability that MFH with bone and cartilage is less aggressive than soft tissue osteogenic sarcoma or chondrosarcoma underscores the importance of accurate histologic diagnosis of these tumors.
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PMID:The significance of bone and cartilage formation in malignant fibrous histiocytoma of soft tissue. 627 50

Five patients with evaluable malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone (three with primary tumor and two with primary tumor and metastatic disease) were treated with preoperative chemotherapy including high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR) as is used for patients with osteogenic sarcoma. All five patients demonstrated a clinical response to chemotherapy. Three of four patients who underwent surgery had complete responses and one patient had greater than 90% tumor necrosis as documented by histologic examination of the resected primary tumor. All four patients who underwent surgery following preoperative chemotherapy are surviving free of disease from one to six years from the start of treatment; chemotherapy was discontinued after six to 11 months in these patients. The median disease-free survival time is 31.5 months. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of chemotherapy in MFH of bone, and in particular the effectiveness of HDMTX with CFR which caused measurable responses in all patients while receiving this therapy as a single agent.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. A report of five cases. 629 15

A total of 19 cases with bone tumors, including six osteosarcomas. three giant cell tumors of bone, one malignant fibrous histiocytoma, four nonossifying fibromas, four chondromas and one chondrosarcoma, were examined as to enzyme histochemistry; the enzymes consisted of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase), acid phosphatase (ACPase), nonspecific esterase (NSE), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), 5'-nucleotidase (5'-Nucl) and beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gl). Osteosarcoma was strongly positive for ALPase followed by 5'-Nucl. Giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma showed enzyme histochemistry similar to each other: multinucleated giant cells and round cells in these tumors were strongly positive for ACPase, NSE, ATPase and 5'-Nucl simulating osteoclasts and histiocytes, whereas spindle cells were positive for ATPase and 5'-Nucl in their cytoplasm and weakly positive for ACPase. Chondroma and chondrosarcoma were focally positive for ACPase and NSE; the ACPase was sensitive to tartaric acid treatment. These observations showed that ALPase activity is very characteristic to osteosarcoma, and is useful for its diagnosis. From enzyme histochemistry, giant cell tumor, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and nonossifying fibroma can be regarded as a histiocyte-derived tumor of bone in contrast to osteosarcoma and cartilaginous tumors.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on bone tumors. 629 58

Hybridoma cells were derived from a mouse immunized with plasma membranes prepared from the fresh tumor tissues of a patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), a soft tissue sarcoma. Supernatants from the resultant hybridoma clones were screened for positive antibody binding to tumor membranes and negative binding to membrane preparations of normal tissues using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Two distinct monoclonal IgG1 (kappa) antibodies, 19-14 and 19-24, were identified that showed identical patterns of reactivity with a large panel of tissues. Both antibodies displayed high levels of binding to membranes prepared from a majority of MFH and osteogenic sarcoma tumors tested. Moderate levels of binding were obtained with melanoma, colorectal carcinoma, and first-trimester fetal membranes. Weak or no significant binding was observed with membranes from a variety of autologous and allogeneic normal adult tissues. Antibody reactivities could be specifically removed by absorption with MFH and osteosarcoma membranes but not with adult muscle membranes. An electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitated membrane antigens indicated that antibodies 19-14 and 19-24 reacted with the same protein, a monomer with an approximate molecular weight of 102,000. The antigen was detected in membrane preparations of MFH, osteosarcoma, and first trimester fetus, but was not present in normal adult spleen. However, a small amount of antigen of molecular weight 107,000 was precipitated from a normal adult liver preparation, which suggests that related antigens may be present in low levels in some normal tissues. Antibodies 19-14 and 19-24 also specifically bound to intact, cultured MFH cells, indicating that the relevant antigens were expressed on the outer cell surface.
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PMID:Detection of a human sarcoma-associated antigen with monoclonal antibodies. 629 40

After a review of the potential of current methods of investigation and of the slightly modified WHO bone tumor classification, the following neoplastic lesions, the diagnosis and treatment of which still present some unsolved problems, are described in detail: giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma); osteosarcoma, with special reference to malignant osteoblastoma; periosteal osteosarcoma and its disputed relation with or supposed identity to juxtacortical chondrosarcoma; Ewing's sarcoma; and malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant bone tumors. 631 71

The author organized the Japanese Registry of Bone Tumors; 27,665 bone tumors of various types were registered during the period from 1964 to 1980. The results of treatment by adjuvant multidrug chemotherapy for osteosarcoma in Japan were recorded; the five-year cumulative survival rate after treatment by multidrug chemotherapy is almost 70%. Among 82 patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, investigated with respect to treatment and prognosis, the five-year cumulative survival rate was 50.3%.
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PMID:Bone tumors in Japan. 632 85

Twenty-five patients with evaluable histologically confirmed inoperable metastatic sarcomas were treated once every four weeks with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in doses of 400, 40, and 60 mg/m2, respectively. Cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin were given by rapid intravenous injection followed immediately by cisplatin by slow intravenous infusion (2-6 hr) in 1 liter of 0.45% saline with mannitol added. Leukopenia, alopecia, and vomiting were common side effects and three patients refused further treatment because of vomiting following their initial courses. No drug-related deaths occurred and we removed no one from the study because of toxicity problems. Among the 9 patients who experienced objective tumor regression were 2 of 2 with hemangiosarcoma, 3 of 5 with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 3 of 5 with osteosarcoma, and 1 of 1 with pleomorphic liposarcoma of bone. Although not therapeutically gratifying, these results appear to be better than any previously observed at our institution.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin combined in the treatment of advanced sarcomas. 635 97

Intra-arterial CDP was utilized to treat the primary tumor in 11 pediatric patients with osteosarcoma and in one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The investigation commenced with a phase I-II pilot study in four osteosarcoma patients. A dose of 150 mg/m2 was found to be safe and effective in producing a clinical response. This was followed by a definitive study in the remaining seven osteosarcoma patients and in the one malignant fibrous histiocytoma patient. The results were assessed by specific clinical, pharmacologic, radiographic and pathologic criteria. The overall response in the definitive study was 50% with two patients exhibiting total tumor destruction. The success of intra-arterial CDP was attributed to its ability to achieve high local drug concentration and tumor penetration. This was demonstrated by pharmacologic studies.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma: intra-arterial treatment of the primary tumor with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum II (CDP). Angiographic, pathologic, and pharmacologic studies. 657 96

Osteosarcomas of extragnathic craniofacial bones--those bones of the skull excepting the jaw bones--are rare lesions, constituting fewer than 2% of all osteosarcomas. In our series of 21 patients (12 male and 9 female), the ages ranged from 6 to 77 years, and 10 patients were in the third or fourth decade of life. At least six patients had predisposing conditions: Paget's disease of bone in three and prior regional irradiation in three. Most of these tumors were high-grade lesions, and most were extensive when treated. There were 11 osteoblastic, 6 fibroblastic, and 1 small cell variant; 2 lesions had features resembling malignant fibrous histiocytoma. One tumor, originally interpreted as grade 4 osteosarcoma, was unavailable for variant classification. Surgical removal, irradiation, and chemotherapy were used in treatment, alone or in combination. Only two patients survived 5 years, and one of these patients died of her disease after 65 months. Almost half of our patients died within 1 year after diagnosis. The one long-term survivor (12 years) underwent a radical surgical procedure when her tumor was small; this was the only patient in this series who had a low-grade lesion. Because of the characteristics described, osteosarcoma of extragnathic craniofacial bones must be considered a distinct disease.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of extragnathic craniofacial bones. 657 74


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