Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There have been great advances in recent years in the treatment of malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors thanks to advanced diagnostic techniques, improved chemotherapy and improved surgery involving extensive resection of the area involved, with bone and joint replacement. Here, we present details of the pathological findings, treatment and prognosis of cases of malignant bone and soft-tissue tumors, such as osteosarcoma, bone MFH, soft-tissue MFH, rhabdomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma.
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PMID:[Bone and soft-tissue tumors]. 300 85

Malignant neoplasms known to develop following external beam radiation include squamous cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, mixed mullerian tumors, malignant schwannoma, myelogenous leukemia and angiosarcoma. Latency periods of many years characterize the onset of these tumors following the exposure. Cutaneous angiosarcoma following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma has been rarely documented, occurring up to 13 years postirradiation. Two cases of this entity are reported occurring 37 months postradiotherapy at the site of mastectomy performed for mammary duct carcinoma.
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PMID:The rapid onset of cutaneous angiosarcoma after radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. 300 75

Stage 2 B malignant skeletal tumours are currently treated by amputation or disarticulation of the limb. The present paper describes a surgical technique for complete removal of the neoplasm and surrounding soft tissues by resection of a cylinder of the limb complete with skin. The resection of bone and adjacent soft tissues is extended sufficiently proximal and distal to the neoplasm to ensure complete removal of neoplastic tissue. The authors describe two cases; an osteosarcoma of the distal third of the femur and a malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lower radius. After removing the affected cylinder of the limb, osteosynthesis is performed by one of a variety of methods. The main vessels and nerves are dealt with according to the findings revealed by pre-operative investigations or per-operative findings. If they have to be sacrificed, end to end suture is performed, but if main nerves can safely be spared (as in Case 1) it greatly enhances the functional prognosis. The value of this operation is that it is as radical as amputation while the aesthetic and functional results are equivalent to those of a resection-arthrodesis. The operation has therefore been designated segmental amputation.
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PMID:Segmental amputation with re-implantation in the treatment of malignant bone tumours of the limbs. 301 37

Twenty previously treated patients with advanced bone sarcomas received thrice weekly im 50 X 10(6) IU/m2 doses of human alfa-interferon (interferon alfa-2a, recombinant; Roche). Seventeen patients had metastatic osteosarcomas and one each had fibrosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Two patients with osteosarcoma and the one with malignant fibrous histiocytoma experienced objective partial tumor regression for 1, 3, and 2 months, respectively. Fever, anorexia, myalgia, fatigue, lethargy, and moderate myelosuppression were observed commonly, and some patients developed mild nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. No patient withdrew because of toxicity and no dose reductions were necessary except adjustments for changes in body surface area secondary to weight loss.
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PMID:Phase II study of recombinant alfa-2a interferon in patients with advanced bone sarcomas. 303 15

Of 720 soft tissue sarcomas received from Malawi over a 15 year period, eight had apparently arisen in chronic tropical ulcers which are endemic in that part of Africa. These eight tumours were classified as leiomyosarcoma (three), extraskeletal osteosarcoma (two), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (one), myxoid liposarcoma (one) and unclassifiable (one). All had a history suggestive of malignant change in a long-standing ulcer, in each case clinically thought to be a squamous carcinoma. However, in none was there evidence of an epithelial origin and all were negative for epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin. This association has not previously been reported. The validity of this proposed association is discussed.
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PMID:Soft tissue sarcomas apparently arising in chronic tropical ulcers. 303 27

Fifty-one patients were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as part of the diagnosis, staging, and management of osteosarcoma. All patients had histologic confirmation of osteosarcoma. Five patients underwent two aspirations each; thus, the total number of aspirates reviewed was 56. Aspirations were performed by interventional radiologists using fluoroscopic guidance. The cytologic features of osteosarcoma were divided into five groups: (1) pleomorphic (malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like); (2) epithelioid; (3) chondroblastic; (4) small cell; and (5) mixed. Although osteoid-like material was seen, it could not be distinguished readily from dense collagen. The chondroid matrix of chondroblastic osteosarcoma was recognized as a granular film with scattered clear bubbles. Fine-needle aspiration was diagnostic of sarcoma in 45 of 56 aspirates (80.4%). In eight aspirates, the cellularity of the smears was insufficient for diagnosis due to extensively osteoblastic tumors (six), necrotic tumor (one), and undetermined causes (one). In three aspirates, failure was attributed to poor cellular preservation due to unknown factors. The authors conclude that FNA is a useful tool in the multidisciplinary diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma. Aspirates should only be evaluated with full knowledge of the clinical and radiographic findings. The most significant limitation of FNA is the inability to detect osteoid.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma and the role of fine-needle aspiration. A study of 51 cases. 316 89

The original diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma (RM) was critically evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy in a retrospective series of 25 patients older than 40 years of age. Only two of the 25 patients (8%) were verified to have RM by strict criteria. By light microscopy, the true RM had a spindle or round cell appearance and were subtyped as embryonal RM, although some pleomorphism was present. Sarcomeric differentiation was revealed by electron microscopy, and desmin and muscle actin by immunohistochemistry. Both of these tumors arose in the urogenital organs, one in the urinary bladder and the other in the prostatic region. Both patients died within 3 months of the diagnosis. The other tumors not verified as RM were pleomorphic or spindle cell sarcomas (n = 17), ten of which were considered to represent malignant fibrous histiocytoma, or had desmin and/or muscle actin, and were verified as leiomyosarcomas by electron microscopy (n = 2). There were single cases of undifferentiated carcinoma, probable neuroendocrine carcinoma, extraskeletal osteosarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. The average survival for the non-RM tumor patients was 32 months. The results show that true RM do occur in the elderly, but they are very rare. Such tumors may have clinicopathologic properties similar to embryonal RM in children both in regard to the site of origin and to the histologic picture. True RM seems to carry a worse prognosis than other pleomorphic sarcomas, and this emphasizes the need for accurate diagnosis.
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma in patients older than 40 years of age. 316 18

Five patients with nonlymphomatous sarcoma metastatic to the brain are presented and the literature reviewed. In 50 patients, brain metastasis was verified pathologically and some case data were available, including the five reported here. In five patients, there was pathologic verification but no case data. Thirty-nine other patients were found without such verification. Reportedly, most types of sarcomas are able to metastasize to the brain, and are represented in these 94 patients. Fibrosarcoma and alveolar soft-part sarcoma tumors metastasize to the brain without regard to treatment technique. There may be a group of tumors, including malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and perhaps leiomyosarcoma and osteosarcoma, in which the incidence of brain metastases has increased with improved sarcoma chemotherapy (CT). In this group particularly, but also in alveolar soft-part sarcoma and others, the presence of lung metastases may increase the probability of brain metastasis occurring subsequently.
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PMID:Sarcoma metastatic to the brain. 327 83

The monograph summarizes the most important data and experience based on the clinicopathological analysis, histological and histoenzymatic examinations of more than 1000 primary tumours and 400 tumour-like lesions of bones. The diagnosis of them has been based on the WHO classification of bone tumours which appeared to be the best in meeting the needs of diagnostic practice. However, in our collection of cases also occurred such cases which did not fit into the WHO diagnostic scheme. They included lesions the separate existence of which could be proved only recently or has remained the matter of discussion, such as periosteal osteosarcoma, clear-cell and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the so-called parachordoma, resorptive giant-cell granuloma, reactive periostitis of tubular bones of hands and feet, and the tibial lesion reminiscent of cementifying fibroma. In the majority of types of the tumours and tumour-like lesions of bones electron microscopical examination was carried out (203 cases), the results of which are presented here in a considerable extent. On the one hand, electron microscopy facilitated the diagnosis in some cases, and, on the other hand, it proved as extremely important in solving the problems of histogenesis of some of the lesions.
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PMID:Histopathology and ultrastructure of tumours and tumour-like lesions of bone. 332 7

Eight patients who had large sarcomas in the hip, thigh, or shoulder girdle have been described. Three had osteogenic sarcomas, and one each had Ewing's sarcoma, biphasic synovial sarcoma, pleomorphic liposarcoma, undifferentiated spindling sarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. All eight tumors showed evidence of regression after intraarterial infusion of cisplatin and Adriamycin (doxorubicin) given over 48 hours at 3-week intervals, for a total of between three and seven courses. Tru-cut needle biopsy specimens of five of the lesions were normal after chemotherapy. However, after resection of the regressed fibrotic tumor in seven of the patients, four contained foci of probably viable malignant cells. These cell foci were intraosseous in three cases and in the wall of a cyst in one case. In the remaining case, tumor in the distribution of the infused artery regressed, but tumor in a region supplied by an artery that was not infused continued to enlarge. In one patient with osteogenic sarcoma in the pelvis, despite a good response to intraarterial chemotherapy that was followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy, tumor recurred in an adjacent area in tissues supplied by an artery not infused. A hindquarter amputation subsequently was required. With the exception of the two cases in which adequate tumor arterial infusion was not achieved, local primary tumor control was accomplished by intraarterial infusion chemotherapy followed by local resection or radiotherapy and local resection in all patients. Four patients are well without evidence of residual or metastatic sarcoma 3.5 years after presentation in the case of an osteogenic sarcoma of shoulder, 2.5 years after presentation in the case of a large pleomorphic liposarcoma of thigh and groin, 20 months after presentation in the case of lower-thigh malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and 1 year after presentation in a child with an osteogenic sarcoma of lower femur.
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PMID:Regional chemotherapy with the use of cisplatin and doxorubicin as primary treatment for advanced sarcomas in shoulder, pelvis, and thigh. 347 53


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