Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Neoadjuvant therapy has come to play an increasingly prominent role in the treatment of cancer. Originally defined as systemic therapy given before local treatment, the concept has been extended to include radiation therapy given before surgery. Potential advantages include improved local and distant control, direct evaluation, and organ-sparing treatment. Potential disadvantages include increased toxicity and cost, potential delay in effective treatment, and obscuring of pathologic staging. Neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment may be viewed in three categories: tumors in which neoadjuvant treatment has been shown effective, thus becoming standard therapy; tumors in which it has been shown to facilitate organ-sparing, and tumors in which its utility has not been shown. For patients with osteogenic sarcoma, for example, preoperative chemotherapy and limb salvage therapy have become the standard of care. Response to chemotherapy, ascertained by histologic review of the surgical specimen, can be used to tailor postoperative chemotherapy. In patients with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation has permitted laryngeal preservation in a majority of patients without compromising overall survival. Phase II and III studies conducted in women with breast cancer have demonstrated promising results for neoadjuvant chemotherapy given before radiation therapy and/or surgery. Phase III studies to compare neoadjuvant therapy to standard therapy in patients with breast cancer are underway. For neoadjuvant therapy, as with other innovations in cancer treatment, it is crucial that a new strategy must be compared closely to standard therapy in terms of recurrence, survival, and impact on organ sparing, as well as quality of life and treatment costs.
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PMID:Neoadjuvant therapy in cancer treatment. 824 83

Osseous or chondroid metaplasias are uncommonly found adjacent to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These findings are less unusual in the spindle cell variant. We describe a moderately differentiated laryngeal SCC associated with osteocartilaginous metaplasia of the adjacent stroma which exhibited very similar morphologic changes and mitoses to an osteosarcoma. These uncommon findings can be more clearly understood if they are viewed as changes determined by the microenvironment of the tumour-host interface, as indicated in recent studies. Tumour cells seem able to regulate stromal development and differentiation via the release of growth factors and the induction of growth factor receptor expression on the cell surface. Irrespective of the limited number of reported cases, the association of SCCs of the larynx with osteocartilaginous metaplasia does not seem to support the adoption of treatments of choice that differ in approach to those for site- and stage-matched SCCs without osteocartilaginous metaplasia.
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PMID:Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx with osteosarcoma-like stromal metaplasia. 1537 May 75

Laryngeal osteosarcoma is an extremely rare disease. Only 23 cases have been published in the literature. Radiation-induced laryngeal osteosarcoma is even rarer; this is only the third such case to be reported. A 59-year-old man underwent radiotherapy for an in situ laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma at another institution. Five years later he developed a laryngeal osteosarcoma, and a total laryngectomy was performed. Although previous reports showed a poor prognosis, our patient was without disease at the 8-year follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the longest disease-free follow-up to be reported in the literature. We also present a review of the world's literature.
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PMID:Radiation-induced osteosarcoma of the larynx: case report and literature review. 2307 59

Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein (ZFX) is a member of the zinc finger family of proteins. The importance of ZFX in several cancer types, including prostate cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and glioma, has been addressed. However, the role of ZFX in human osteosarcoma remains unknown. Here we investigated the phenotype of ZFX knockdown on cell proliferation and in vitro tumorigenesis using lentivirus-mediated loss-of-function strategy. The results demonstrated that the proliferation and colony formation ability of human osteosarcoma Saos-2 and MG63 cells was impaired by ZFX small interfering RNA (siRNA)-expressing lentivirus. Moreover, loss of ZFX led to G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and a significant increase of cells in the sub-G1 fraction, indicating that ZFX functions as an oncogene in the malignant proliferation process in osteosarcoma. Furthermore, ZFX siRNA may have an antitumorigenic effect on osteosarcoma cells. Our findings hold important significance for RNA interference-mediated cancer gene therapy for human osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Zinc finger X-chromosomal protein (ZFX) promotes solid agar colony growth of osteosarcoma cells. 2413 14

SOX2OT is a long non-coding RNA that is highly expressed in embryonic stem cells. The SOX2OT gene is comprised of 10 exons and more than two transcription start sites. Dysregulation of SOX2OT is observed in various tumors, including lung cancer, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, ovarian cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and glioblastoma, wherein it typically functions as an oncogene and possibly as a tumor suppressor gene. The mechanisms underlying the effects of SOX2OT are complex and involve multiple factors and signaling pathways. In this review, we describe the current evidence regarding the role and potential clinical utility of SOX2OT in human cancers.
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PMID:SOX2OT, a novel tumor-related long non-coding RNA. 3186 45