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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Secondary osteosarcoma arising after the treatment of hematologic malignancies other than Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare. We report two cases of secondary osteosarcoma arising after treatment for childhood hematologic malignancies (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lymphoblastic leukemia). A 10-year-old boy, at the age of 3, was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. He received chemotherapy, radiation, and bone-marrow transplantation and then was in complete remission. At 6 years, he complained of increasing pain of the right thigh and was diagnosed with osteoblastic osteosarcoma. A 26-year-old man, at the age of 6, was diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). He received chemotherapy, radiation, and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT). At 11 years after PBSCT, he visited with the complaint of left lumbar swelling. He was diagnosed with chondroblastic osteosarcoma. In both cases alkaline phosphatase (ALP) had already increased prior to the onset of the symptom. We should rule out secondary osteosarcoma at the abnormal elevation of ALP during clinical follow-up of patients after treatment of childhood hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:Secondary osteosarcoma arising after treatment for childhood hematologic malignancies. 1996 Dec 70

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm. The origin of osteosarcoma in the pleura is extremely rare, with only four such cases so far documented in the literature to the best of our knowledge. We herein report the case of a 64-year-old Japanese man in whom a left pneumonectomy and pleurectomy were carried out to remove a huge tumor. The pathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma that had originally arisen from the pleura.
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PMID:Chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising from the pleura: report of a case. 1999 2

Most data on osteosarcoma is derived from pediatric studies. Although the majority of adult patients with osteosarcoma are young adults, who might be treated in a similar fashion, experience derived from a slightly older population is helpful in directing therapy. We treated a series of 123 patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities with adriamycin and cisplatin as induction therapy. Adriamycin was infused intravenously at 90 mg/m2 over 96 h. Cisplatin was infused intra-arterially at 120-160 mg/m2 over 2-24 h. Sequential addition of methotrexate and methotrexate plus ifosfamide in subsequent cohorts improved the continuous relapse-free survival of poor responders such that overall survival improvement was noted in the group where therapy was modified by adding both agents to those with <90% tumor necrosis. Patients with chondroblastic osteosarcoma with poor necrosis had a trend towards improved continuous relapse-free survival compared with other patients with conventional osteosarcoma. Histologic variants of osteosarcoma except telangiectatic osteosarcoma had a worse prognosis than those with conventional osteosarcoma. The variants, especially dedifferentiated parosteal osteosarcoma and dedifferentiated well-differentiated intraosseous osteosarcoma are more common in adults than children, accounting for some of the inferior prognosis in adults. Older patients obviously cannot tolerate the doses of therapy given to children and young adults, again decreasing the chances of successful treatment. Patients with secondary osteosarcoma are often much older as are many with osteosarcomas of the pelvis and jaw. These tumors tend to be less responsive. An attempt to intensify therapy in poor-prognosis patients with a three-drug regimen of adriamycin, cisplatin, and ifosfamide with peripheral stem cell support was unsuccessful at prolonging relapse-free survival, and we no longer use that approach.
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PMID:Pediatric and adult osteosarcoma: comparisons and contrasts in presentation and therapy. 2021 1

The clinical management of osteosarcoma differs significantly from that of chondrosarcoma; therefore, it is extremely important to diagnose these 2 types of bone tumor accurately. In the absence of a specific marker, differential diagnosis by histochemistry is sometimes impossible, especially between chondroblastic osteosarcoma and conventional chondrosarcoma. We analyzed 165 bone sarcomas by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays for expression of the galectin-1 (GAL1) lectin and by Western blot experiments. We found that GAL1 was abundant in normal human osteoblasts from benign proliferations and in osteosarcomas, including chondroblastic osteosarcomas, but not in chondrosarcomas. There was a highly significant statistical difference in the percentage of stained cells (P < 10(-4)) and in the staining intensity (P < 10(-3)) of chondroblastic osteosarcomas compared to conventional chondrosarcomas. This discriminatory potential of GAL1 staining for osteosarcoma-derived tumors was confirmed by Western blotting. We propose a diagnostic test for bone tumors that takes into account the optimal discriminative values for the percentage of cells stained and the intensity of staining. The positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% (trust interval of 63.7%-97%) and 90% (trust interval of 80%-95.9%), respectively, demonstrating the pertinence of the test. Altogether, our data indicate that GAL1 is a powerful diagnostic marker that distinguishes chondroblastic osteosarcomas from conventional chondrosarcomas.
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PMID:Galectin-1 is a powerful marker to distinguish chondroblastic osteosarcoma and conventional chondrosarcoma. 2039 82

Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms that are able to directly produce osteoid, without requiring a cartilage template. The extraskeletal localization indicates that these neoplasms are not associated with pre-existing skeletal elements or periosteum. We describe the gross and histological findings of a 4-year-old male Rottweiler that presented with an extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma (also known as osteosarcoma of the chondroblastic subtype) originating from the liver and extending into the lumen of the caudal vena cava, passing through the right atrium and terminating in the right ventricle of the heart immediately below the pulmonary valve. In the liver, predominantly fusiform cells grew in loosely packed streams and whorls. In the vena cava, the neoplasm was multilobular with polygonal neoplastic cells scattered within lacunae in a chondroid matrix. In the cardiac lumen, neoplastic cells produced osteoid that showed multifocal mineralization. Immunohistochemical staining showed no cytokeratin and variable S-100 protein and vimentin immunoreactivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising in the liver and showing such extensive and unusual extension into the vasculature.
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PMID:Hepatic extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with unusual angioinvasion of the caudal vena cava in a dog. 2128 51

Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant tumor in long bones; it generally occurs in young adults. It is considered infrequent in the head and neck regions, where it is usually associated with poor outcomes and rates of survival. From a histopathologic point of view, osteosarcomas are commonly classified as osteoblastic, chondroblastic, or fibroblastic, although several unusual microscopic subtypes have also been reported. The purpose of this article was to present a case report of a maxillary chondroblastic osteosarcoma involving the maxillary sinus and the maxilla of a young woman who was diagnosed during early postorthodontic treatment follow-up. Treatment, prosthetic rehabilitation, and follow-up details are provided. Most importantly, this patient shows the importance of complete and systematic oral examinations during any routine dental treatment.
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PMID:Maxillary osteosarcoma in a young patient undergoing postorthodontic treatment follow-up: the importance of ongoing oral examinations. 2164 Aug 92

Periosteal osteosarcoma is a rare pedal chondroblastic osteosarcoma that rarely involves the medullary bone. In the present report, we describe the case of a woman who presented with a periosteal osteosarcoma localized to her left foot.
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PMID:Periosteal osteosarcoma of the fifth metatarsal: a rare pedal tumor. 2176 8

Osteosarcoma of the jaw is a rare disease; we report two cases, one in which the primary osteosarcoma had occurred in the sacrum and ileum, the second at the mandible. Dissemination of osteosarcoma to other organs, especially early dissemination to the lung, is common, but metastasis to the jaw has only rarely been reported. About 10% of osteosarcomas occur in the head and neck, most in the mandible or maxilla. Clinically, both patients presented swelling, and pain at the jaw in the premolar-molar region. At radiography, extensive bone erosion and soft-tissue swelling were apparent. A biopsy was taken and a diagnosis of osteosarcoma rendered in both cases. Histological examination revealed a proliferation of atypical osteoblast-like cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and formation of scattered neoplastic osteoid tissue. Immunohistochemistry for a panel of antibodies showed strong positivity for CD99, weak positivity for S-100, but was negative for desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratins. The diagnosis for both cases was of osteogenic osteosarcoma, chondroblastic subtype. Unfortunately, both patients died, one before the planned chemotherapy regime could begin, the second during the chemotherapy course. Our report aims to highlight the importance of the diagnostic profile in formulating a diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and that this tumor, although very rare, may be primary or may metastasize to the jaws.
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PMID:Clinical and histopathological profile of primary or secondary osteosarcoma of the jaws. 2219 20

Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a rare variant of chondrosarcoma that mostly involves the end of long bones. However, nine cases have been reported in the head and neck: four in larynx, two in nasal septum, two in maxilla and one in the skull. These cases form the basis of this review. Head and neck cases accounts for less than 5% of Clear cell chondrosarcomas in the whole body and the larynx is the most common place. The histological findings of head and neck cases are consistent with general features of this entity in the whole body and nearly all tumors in this case series had a component of conventional chondrosarcoma. Clear cell chondrosarcoma is an intracompartmental tumor and retains "Grenz zone" just beneath the epithelium. Therefore, the overlying mucosa remained intact in all laryngeal cases. Nasal tumor caused ballooning of the septum and the maxillary lesion did not involve the oral mucosa. This tumor presents various radiographic features in the head and neck area. Chondroblastoma, chondroma, osteoblastoma, osteosarcoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma are included in the histologic differential diagnoses. Differentiation from chondroblastic osteosarcoma is important in the maxilla. A wide resection is adequate in most cases. However, some laryngeal cases show tendency to recur. Clear cell chondrosarcoma is a slow growing tumor and this necessitates a long time follow-up of patients. Due to the extreme rarity in the head and neck, diagnosis of Clear cell chondrosarcoma in this area, must be confirmed by histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.
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PMID:Clear cell chondrosarcoma of the head and neck. 2449 30

Osteosarcomas are the most common malignant primary bone tumors in children and adolescents. Brain metastases of osteosarcoma are very rare and carry a dismal prognosis. We report a case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma of right humerus presented with right frontal lobe metastasis in a 10-year-old girl with small pulmonary lesions.
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PMID:Brain is not always the last fortress; osteosarcoma with large brain metastasis. 2313 16


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