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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Osteosarcoma of the larynx is a rare lesion. Acceptable cases in the literature are difficult to find. We report a case in which total laryngectomy was carried out for a large, obstructing mass that arose from the cricoid cartilage. We present the histologic criteria for the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the larynx. 27 37

Eighty-five cases of osteosarcoma of the jaw were analyzed for clinical and histologic characters. According to the predominant histologic differentiation of the tumor, it was divided into osteoblastic, chondroblastic and fibroblastic type. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma was associated with the worst survival rate. The histologic grade was closely related to the prognosis of tumor.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of osteosarcoma of the jaw]. 149 95

Canine extraskeletal osteosarcomas are extremely rare tumors. Over a period of 25 years at the Animal Medical Center, approximately 1,000 cases of skeletal osteosarcomas have been diagnosed. During the same period 11 cases of extraskeletal osteosarcomas and three extraskeletal chondrosarcomas were diagnosed. Tumors of the mammary gland were excluded. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas were found in the adrenal gland, eye, gastric ligament, ileum, kidney, liver, spleen, testicle, and vagina. The chondrosarcomas were found in the mitral valves, lungs, and omentum. The mean age of the dogs with extraskeletal osteosarcoma was 11 years, and the mean age of the dogs with extraskeletal chondrosarcoma was 14 years. The The sizes of the tumors ranged from 3 cubic centimeters to 8,315 cubic centimeters. Osteoblastic osteosarcomas were the most common histologic type (7/11, 63.6%); there was a single case of each of the following: fibroblastic, fibrous histiocytic, chondroblastic, and mixed osteo-chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Two of the dogs with chondrosarcomas had mesenchymal chondrosarcomas involving the lungs and omentum. The remaining dog had a regular chondrosarcoma involving the mitral valve. Distant metastases were present in seven of 11 dogs with extraskeletal osteosarcoma and in none of the dogs with chondrosarcoma. In contrast to human beings, in which most extraskeletal osteosarcomas occur in the soft tissues and the extremities, most canine extraskeletal osteosarcomas develop in the visceral organs.
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PMID:Canine extraskeletal osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. 230 81

Although the morphological features of osteosarcoma have been widely investigated, there is little information about its biochemistry. In this study, materials obtained from human calcified chondroblastic osteosarcoma were analyzed by microanalytical techniques revealing both morphological and biochemical characteristics at the same tissue site. Morphologically, tumor cells in the surface area showed atypical and mitotic figures. Hypertrophic chondroblastic cells appeared and increased in density closer to the calcified region. Almost all cells in the calcified region were hypertrophic. Biochemical analysis revealed that alkaline phosphatase activity was steeply elevated and inorganic phosphate gradually increased towards the calcified region. The spread of the calcified region was coincident with the contents of acid-soluble phosphate and calcium of the tumor. These results were similar to those found in endochondral calcification of epiphyseal growth cartilage.
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PMID:Morphobiochemical analysis of calcified chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible. 313 51

Fifty-one patients were evaluated by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) as part of the diagnosis, staging, and management of osteosarcoma. All patients had histologic confirmation of osteosarcoma. Five patients underwent two aspirations each; thus, the total number of aspirates reviewed was 56. Aspirations were performed by interventional radiologists using fluoroscopic guidance. The cytologic features of osteosarcoma were divided into five groups: (1) pleomorphic (malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like); (2) epithelioid; (3) chondroblastic; (4) small cell; and (5) mixed. Although osteoid-like material was seen, it could not be distinguished readily from dense collagen. The chondroid matrix of chondroblastic osteosarcoma was recognized as a granular film with scattered clear bubbles. Fine-needle aspiration was diagnostic of sarcoma in 45 of 56 aspirates (80.4%). In eight aspirates, the cellularity of the smears was insufficient for diagnosis due to extensively osteoblastic tumors (six), necrotic tumor (one), and undetermined causes (one). In three aspirates, failure was attributed to poor cellular preservation due to unknown factors. The authors conclude that FNA is a useful tool in the multidisciplinary diagnosis and management of osteosarcoma. Aspirates should only be evaluated with full knowledge of the clinical and radiographic findings. The most significant limitation of FNA is the inability to detect osteoid.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma and the role of fine-needle aspiration. A study of 51 cases. 316 89

Cartilage-cell-containing tumours of the pelvis are responsible for a quarter of all primary bone lesions in this site. Benign tumours are uncommon but when present have classical radiological appearances similar to those described elsewhere. Only the rarest, chondromyxoid fibroma, may cause difficulty in diagnosis. Seventy-three per cent of cartilage-cell tumours are malignant and are either chondrosarcoma or chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Chondrosarcoma occurs after the second decade of life, usually with a longer history, and may be categorised as either a secondary peripheral or primary central tumour, each having typical radiological features. Chrondroblastic osteosarcoma tends to occur in younger patients with a shorter clinical history and is almost exclusively situated adjacent to a sacroiliac joint, producing purely lytic, sclerotic or mixed patterns of bone destruction. Experience suggests that computed tomography is the single most valuable further examination, since the pelvis is a complex structure with confusing overlying soft-tissue artefacts. This technique may indicate both the route and choice of optimal biopsy site.
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PMID:Cartilage-cell-containing tumours of the pelvis: a radiological review of 40 patients. 345 51

A Grade 3 chondroblastic osteosarcoma is reported in the mandible of a 37-year-old man with longstanding polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. There was also a history of multiple endocrine disturbances including hyperthyroidism, pituitary adenoma, and acromegaly. Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia is very rare and occurs most often when the lesion is polyostotic in distribution. The patient received preoperative radiation therapy followed immediately by marginal excision, i.e., left hemimandibulectomy. Forty-two months after initial presentation of the osteosarcoma of the mandible, he is alive with no evidence of disease.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the mandible arising in fibrous dysplasia. A case report. 345 57

Sixteen patients are presented who had sarcomas of the chest wall at a site where a prior malignancy had been irradiated. The first malignancies included breast cancer (ten cases), Hodgkin's disease (four cases), and others (two cases). Radiation doses varied from 4200 to 5500 R (mean, 4900 R). The latency period ranged from 5 to 28 years (mean, 13 years). The histologic types of the radiation-induced sarcomas were as follows: malignant fibrous histiocytoma, nine cases; osteosarcoma, six cases; and malignant mesenchymoma, one case. The only long-term survivor is alive and well 12 years after resection of a clavicular chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Three cases were recently diagnosed. Despite aggressive multimodality treatment, the remaining 13 patients have all died from their sarcomas (mean survival, 13.5 months). All patients have apparently been cured of their first malignancies. Chemotherapy was ineffective. No treatment, including forequarter amputation, appeared to palliate the patients with supraclavicular soft tissue sarcomas. Major chest wall resection offered good palliation for seven of eight patients with sarcomas arising in the sternum or lateral chest wall. Close follow-up is needed to detect signs of these sarcomas in the ever-increasing number of patients receiving therapeutic irradiation.
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PMID:Radiation-induced sarcomas of the chest wall. 394 97

An analysis of 6 patients with periosteal osteosarcoma treated by the authors along with a review of 55 patients reported in the literature demonstrates that periosteal osteosarcoma is distinctly different from conventional osteosarcoma or periosteal chondrosarcoma. Periosteal osteosarcoma is a less aggressive tumor than conventional osteosarcoma. It is a relatively well-differentiated chondroblastic osteosarcoma occurring on the surface of the long bones of the extremities. Three patients demonstrated frank medullary invasion of tumor, two grossly and one microsurgically. Patients treated with marginal resection had a 70% local recurrence rate. Patients receiving wide resection or primary amputation have survived longer with less recurrence of disease. Overall, 10 of 61 patients are dead with metastatic disease with a mean reported follow-up of 6 years and 7 months. Adjunctive therapy has been of no demonstrable aid in terms of prolonging survival. Medullary extension of this tumor should not be used to exclude this diagnosis. The authors believe that the treatment of choice is wide resection without adjunctive chemotherapy.
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PMID:Periosteal osteosarcoma. 396 78

The records of 66 patients with osteosarcoma of the jaw were reviewed. The ages of the 42 males and 24 females ranged from 12 to 79 years (mean, 34.2 years). Swelling and pain, the most frequent presenting complaints, were noted an average of three months before the patient was seen by a physician. Fifty-one percent of the lesions involved the maxilla and 49% involved the mandible. The most common sites of involvement were the body of the mandible and the alveolar ridge of the maxilla. Radiologically, most of the lesions in the maxilla were osteoblastic (50%), whereas most of those in the mandible were osteolytic (43%). Chondroblastic osteosarcoma was the most frequent histologic type (48%) and was associated with the best survival rate (47%). Treatment included radical and local surgery with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or various combinations. The recurrence rate for all treatment modalities was 70%. Patients treated by initial radical surgery had the best survival (80%). Survival decreased to 27% with local surgery. Of the 43 (65%) patients who died, most died with uncontrolled local disease; only four patients had documented distant metastasis, which involved lung, cervical lymph nodes, spinal column, and brain.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the jaw. 657 39


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