Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve patients 11-20 years of age with recurrent osteosarcoma were immunized with either autologous or allogeneic tumor cells infected with influenza virus, strain B/Michigan or A/Port Chalmers. Six patients received only the vaccine, and the remaining six patients continued to receive methotrexate chemotherapy. The main objectives of this study were to determine if immunizations were toxic, if antibodies developed to the influenza virus antigen component of the vaccine, if this vaccine increased tumor-specific cellular and humoral immunity, and if the increase in immune response could be correlated with clinical course and prognosis. In all 12 cases, toxicity was negligible, and immunizations boosted antibody titers to both tumor cell and influenza virus antigens. However, in four of the six patients with advanced disease who received immunotherapy only, the vaccine did not stimulate mixed lymphocytes nor did it increase cell-mediated immunity. By contrast, five of six patients with minimal disease who continued methotrexate therapy developed cellular and humoral immunity in response to both allogeneic and autologous tumor cells. Although no clear-cut relationship between responses to the tumor cell vaccine and clinical course and prognosis could be demonstrated, three of the six patients with minimal disease have survived for 7-8 months after the first vaccination, without progression of disease. This study demonstrates that plasma membrane preparations derived from different lines of virus-infected osteosarcoma tumor cells will elicit an antibody response in patients with drug-resistant progressive osteogenic sarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma patients with virus-modified tumor cells. 106 58

The radiological picture of the amputation stump after osteosarcoma was reviewed in 75 cases, in which postoperative follow-up ranged from a minimum four months, to a maximum of over 12 years. In 67/75 cases (89%) no recurrence was observed; in 8/75 cases (11%) a local neoplastic recurrency was confirmed on clinical and histopathological grounds. The usual aspects of late modifications induced by surgery include osteoporosis of the residual bone, which may assume a geographical pattern, with thinning of the stump apex and formation of a periosteal spur directed towards the soft tissues. The typical pattern of locally recurrent osteosarcoma is that of an infiltrating soft tissue mass with bone erosion and irregular flake-like calcifications. All these signs are presented and discussed in order to give a practical guideline to the differential diagnosis between surgery-induced modifications and local neoplastic recurrences.
 ...
PMID:The osteosarcoma amputation stump: a clinico-radiographical correlation. 347 18

Removal of pulmonary metastases of osteosarcoma by thoracotomy is an accepted treatment; however, few investigators have analyzed the value of various prognostic factors in estimating survival. A review of all patients undergoing thoracotomy for recurrent osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases treated at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital is reported. Since 1968, two thirds (39/59) of all patients who developed pulmonary metastases have had a total of 66 thoracotomies. Nine patients are alive with no evidence of disease, and six additional patients are alive with disease. Analyzed in 39 evaluable patients, the prognostic factors that correlate with survival by univariate analysis are: sex, number of nodules detected radiographically and resected, completeness of resection, and tumor location (bilateral versus unilateral). By Cox regression analysis, only sex and the number of nodules detected either radiographically or during surgery, and resected, had statistically significant correlation with survival. Thoracotomy is curative for some patients with pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma and Prognostic factors predictive for survival are defined.
 ...
PMID:Thoracotomy for pulmonary metastatic osteosarcoma. An analysis of prognostic indicators of survival. 354 82

In a prospective study, 18 evaluable patients with recurrent osteosarcoma were treated with ifosfamide, 1.8 g/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days. Courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Additional mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate) was given to prevent urotoxicity. All patients had measurable lung deposits and all but one had been pretreated with various cytotoxic agents. Six patients (33%) showed therapeutic response, two complete and four partial, with a median duration of 5.5 months (range, 3-47+). Toxicity included myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea, and vomiting. No severe urotoxicity or central nervous system toxicity was observed. Thus, high-dose ifosfamide in combination with mesna seems to be a safe and effective agent for the chemotherapy of osteosarcoma.
 ...
PMID:High-dose ifosfamide in advanced osteosarcoma. 385 82

The radiological picture of the amputation stump for osteosarcoma was revised on 57 cases, in which a follow-up after surgery was possible for at least 4 months, with a maximum of over 12 years. In 51/57 cases (89%) no recurrency was observed; in 6/57 cases (11%) a local neoplastic recurrency was confirmed on clinical and histopathological grounds. The usual aspects of late modifications induced by surgery is osteoporosis of the residual bone, which may assume a geographical pattern, with thinning of the stump apex and formation of a periosteal spur directed towards to soft tissues. The typical pattern of the locally recurrent osteosarcoma is that of an infiltrating soft tissue mass with bone erosion and irregular flake-like calcifications. All these signs are evaluated and discussed in order to give a practical guideline to the differential diagnosis between surgery-induced modifications and local neoplastic recurrencies.
 ...
PMID:[Radiographic evaluation of the amputation stump in osteosarcoma]. 659 80

This study was designed to test if the activity of a phase II agent, ifosfamide, would have been underestimated if it was tested exclusively in a population of children and young adults with recurrent osteosarcoma. The response rate to ifosfamide was compared in patients younger than 30 years of age with previously untreated osteosarcoma with metastases at diagnosis and/or unresectable primary tumors (stratum 1) with that of patients with recurrent osteosarcoma following adjuvant chemotherapy who were not previously exposed to ifosfamide (stratum 2). Evaluation of response was conducted 3 weeks after two courses of ifosfamide (2400 mg/m2 x 5 days) were administered 3 weeks apart. Nine of 33 (27%) evaluable patients in stratum 1 responded (1 complete and 8 partial responses) to ifosfamide. Among 30 evaluable patients in stratum 2, only 3 (10%) responded (1 complete and 2 partial responses; P = .04) Both groups of patients received equal doses of ifosfamide and experienced comparable toxicities. Results from this study suggest that the activity of new agents will be underestimated if tested in a population of heavily pretreated patients with recurrent disease. When possible, new chemotherapeutic agents should be tested in patients with a poor prognosis who have not been exposed to chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of osteosarcoma with ifosfamide: comparison of response in pediatric patients with recurrent disease versus patients previously untreated: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. 799 Jul 69

The authors analysed the patterns of recurrence of osteosarcoma of the extremities treated between 1959 and 1989 either with surgery alone (1959-71) or with combined surgery and adjuvant (1972-82) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (1983-89). In a total of 452 patients with recurrent osteosarcoma, the initial site of metastasis was the lung in 88% of cases independently of the type of treatment received. The mean period of onset of pulmonary metastasis differed according to the type of treatment performed: 8 months for patients treated with surgery alone; 15.9 months for those treated with adjuvant chemotherapy and 20.3 months for patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The incidence of metastases appearing within 12 months of FU was 87%, 56% and 21% respectively. In a most recent and effective neoadjuvant protocol (66% DFS), the incidence of recurrence owing to pulmonary metastasis during the first year of FU was 2% and as much as 75% of all recurrences were concentrated in the following 18 months. Surgery for pulmonary metastasis in patients undergoing chemotherapy was performed in 54 cases with secondary healing in 14 (26%). On the basis of these results the authors suggest a scheme of radiological follow-up for patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with intensified controls (every 2 months) during the period with the highest risk of recurrence (13-20 months) and four-monthly controls during the first year and after 31 months of FU. In order to increase the efficacy of FU controls during the high-risk period, the a. propose using CT controls instead of chest X-rays at months 14, 20 and 26.
 ...
PMID:[Non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities: the pattern of relapse as a function of the type of treatment and of the modulation of the radiological follow-up of the thorax]. 861 28

The levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in plasma and tumour tissue samples of 20 Chinese patients with osteosarcoma in Hong Kong were measured by the wheat germ lectin precipitation technique. The plasma BALP levels in these patients were significantly higher than those of the normal subjects (p < 0.001), and also significantly higher than those of patients with benign bone tumor and those of patients with malignant tumor metastasized to the bone (p < 0.0001). Considering the prognostic value of BALP for osteosarcoma, the plasma BALP levels at the time of diagnosis were found to be significantly related to the rate of disease recurrence (p < 0.05). Furthermore, at the time of relapse, the plasma BALP levels in the group of recurrent osteosarcoma patients were significantly higher than those of osteosarcoma patients showing no recurrence (p < 0.05). When ALP was assayed in the tumor tissue, the BALP levels were also significantly higher than those of the control cortical bone extracts in the same group of patients (p < 0.05). We conclude that plasma BALP is a sensitive and specific biochemical parameter in the diagnosis and the subsequent monitoring of osteosarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase in plasma as tumour marker for osteosarcoma. 869 30

Inhibition of cyclin dependent kinases (CDK) by cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKI) blocks cell cycle progression and inhibits cellular proliferation. The archetypical member of the INK4 CDKI family, p16INK4A (also called CDKN2), is a tumor suppressor frequently deleted or mutated in certain neoplasms and many cell lines. Because p19INK4D has strong structural and functional similarity to p16INK4A, we have assessed its role as a tumor suppressor. This was accomplished by screening the p19INK4D coding region for mutations, deletions and rearrangements in sarcomas and non-small cell lung cancers. Alterations of the p19INK4D gene were found in samples from five of 67 (7%) patients with osteosarcomas and none were found in other types of sarcomas or in lung cancers. Five osteosarcoma samples had Southern blot patterns consistent with gene rearrangement. These samples included a primary and recurrent osteosarcoma from the same patient; both with the same rearrangement. Four samples had SSCP patterns consistent with sequence alterations, sequencing determined that three were due to silent base changes and apparently polymorphisms. Sequencing the fourth shifted band revealed a one base insertion causing a frameshift beginning with codon 27. In summary, these studies found alterations affecting the p19INK4D gene in a small but significant number of osteosarcomas. Presumably, abnormalities of this gene contribute to the development of cancer of bone cells.
 ...
PMID:The p19INK4D cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor gene is altered in osteosarcoma. 924 58

Nucleolar organizer regions [NORS] are loops of DNA that transcribe to ribosomal RNA. They can be visualized as intranuclear black dots by histochemical staining with a colloid silver solution. Silver stained nucleolar proteins (AgNORs) were counted in a variety of jaw bone tumours. In osteosarcomas, the number of AgNORs was also quantified before and after chemotherapy. Malignant bone tumour cells possessed more than five small AgNORs (5.54 +/- 0.44). Nuclei of benign jaw bone tumour cells had less than three (2. 97 +/-0.61). A significant difference in the number of AgNORs between osteosarcoma before chemotherapy (5.76 +/- 0.50) and after chemotherapy (3.89 +/- 1.65) was observed. (P < 0.05). The number ofAgNORs in recurrent osteosarcoma, recurrent ameloblastic carcinoma and recurrent chondrosarcoma was much higher than in their respective primary lesion but without statistical significant difference. The results of the present study indicate that the AGNOR count might help in determining malignancy, evaluating the effect of chemotherapy, and deciding the prognosis.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of nucleolar organizer regions in tumours of the jaw bones. 1148 76


1 2 3 4 Next >>