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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Overt malnutrition in children with cancer is seen with surprising frequency: up to 37.5% in a group of patients with disease metastatic to or from bone, and 17.5% in a group of newly diagnosed patients with abdominal or pelvic tumors. It appears more frequent in some cancers. e.g., Ewing's sarcoma, than in others, e.g., osteosarcoma. Criteria for diagnosis of overt malnutrition are applicable to the child with cancer. Such overt malnutrition can be successfully and safely treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Marginal malnutrition is a state that can be inferred from clinical behavior, although it cannot be objectively diagnosed as yet. Early data suggest that deterioration to overt malnutrition can be averted through IVH. Such nutritional intervention may increase chemotherapeutic tolerance and improve immune defenses. Since childhood cancer is beginning to frequently show excellent outcome, the association of malnutrition with progressive disease strongly suggests investigation of the role of nutritional support.
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PMID:Malnutrition in children with cancer: incidence and consequence. 10 83

The sequential outcome was evaluated for all childhood cancers in which the Pediatric Oncology Group has conducted a series of clinical trials, with constant eligibility, on patients with newly diagnosed cancer. The analysis was applied to more than 7000 patients with cancer diagnosed between 1976 and 1989. These include acute leukemia (4 subgroups), non-Hodgkins lymphoma (4 subgroups), osteogenic sarcoma, and advanced neuroblastoma. In 8 of these 10 disease areas, significant improvement in outcome has occurred. In rare diseases such as pediatric cancer, collaborative studies may be the only way to conduct therapeutic trials of sufficient statistical power. A cooperative group has distinct advantages over a series of ad hoc collaborative studies in that it can maintain a unified data base, study its history with minimal confounding effects of changing institutional participants, and develop long-term research relationships among its participants.
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PMID:Progress against childhood cancer: the Pediatric Oncology Group experience. 155 37

Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy (IHC) was investigated in six children with the following advanced malignancies: hepatocellular carcinoma, extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma, sacrococcygeal malignant teratoma, small round cell tumor of the chest wall, hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma. Partial response was achieved in three of these patients, two showed no change, and in one IHC was used as adjuvant chemotherapy. The side effects of IHC were minimal and tolerable. Angiotensin-IHC may provide a new approach to pediatric cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:Angiotensin-induced hypertension chemotherapy in children with advanced solid tumors. 166 35

Lag time (the interval between symptom onset and diagnosis) was described for 2665 children with lymphoma or a solid tumor who participated in Pediatric Oncology Group therapeutic protocols from 1982 until 1988. Median lag time ranged from 21 days for neuroblastoma to 72 days for Ewing sarcoma. Significant differences in lag time were found among diagnostic groups (p less than 0.001), even after adjustment for age, gender, and race. Age was significantly associated with lag time for all diagnoses (p less than 0.05) except Hodgkin disease. Girls had increased lag times for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (p = 0.02) but decreased lag times for Ewing sarcoma (p = 0.02). Differences in lag time related to race were significant only for children with osteosarcoma (p = 0.02), for which white children had longer lag times. Type of tumor and age were strongly associated with lag time. Within diagnostic groups, age, gender, and race failed to explain more than 16% of the variance in lag time, suggesting that other factors may play more prominent roles. Further study is necessary to identify these factors and to assess the relationship between lag time, stage of disease at diagnosis, and prognosis, especially before designing early-detection interventions for childhood cancer.
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PMID:Interval between symptom onset and diagnosis of pediatric solid tumors. 194 78

Thirty-three cases of postirradiation sarcoma (PIS) from the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry were analyzed. The most frequent first primary tumors were cancers of the breast (seven cases) and female reproductive organs (13 cases). Five patients had a childhood cancer. The median total radiation dose at the site of the PIS was 3600 cGy (1600 cGy to 11200 cGy). The median interval from start of radiation therapy to detection of PIS was 13.2 years (3.4 to 22.8 years). The PIS was of soft tissue origin in 25 of 33 cases. The most frequent histologic types were osteosarcoma (ten cases, including four extraskeletal tumors), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (ten cases), and fibrosarcoma (six cases). The overall crude 5-year survival rate was 29% (calculated from the start of treatment for PIS), and for patients initially treated with either radical surgery or combined marginal surgery and postoperative irradiation it was 67%. The authors conclude that there is a chance for cure for radically treated patients with postirradiation sarcoma that emphasizes the importance of regular long-term follow-up of cancer patients.
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PMID:Postirradiation sarcoma. Analysis of a nationwide cancer registry material. 206 71

Studies were made on the appearance of second malignant tumors (SMT) in children followed in a pediatric hospital at metropolitan Santiago, Chile, between years 1968 and 1987. A retrospective analysis identified SMT in 7 of 430 patients who survived a childhood cancer (incidence 1.62%). An 8th patient was added, whose first neoplasm was treated in another hospital. The initial diagnosis in the affected children were medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and, in two cases, acute lymphocytic leukemias. The age range was 6 months to 11 years. Treatment was done by surgery in 5/8, chemotherapy in 7/8 and radiotherapy in all patients. The latent period between the diagnosis of the first cancer and the diagnosis of the SMT was 3.5 to 12 years (median 8.5 years). Osteosarcomas were the most frequent SMT (5/8). The other SMT were a rhabdomyosarcoma, a non Hodgkin lymphoma and an astrocytoma. The majority of SMT were located in the area of prior radiotherapy (6/8). In the other two cases, one had an osteosarcoma, after a bilateral retinoblastoma, which grew outside the previously treated area, and the last one consisted of a lymphoma which was identified 9 years after an acute lymphocytic leukemia. Only 3/8 SMT patients are alive after 14.21 and 34 months follow up. The other children died between 11 and 20 months after diagnosis of SMT. Notwithstanding these kinds of outcome, benefits of therapy for patients with primary tumors greatly outweight the later risk of cancer induction in a small proportion of them.
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PMID:[Second cancer in pediatric patients]. 213 86

Data on the incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland during the 10-year period 1979-88 are presented. During this period, 786 cases were registered. The average annual crude and age-standardized (to the world population) incidence rates for both sexes were 12.63 and 13.30 per 100,000 respectively. The incidence of cancer in males is unusually high, as is the sex ratio of 1.57. ALL accounted for 78% of all leukaemias. There appears to have been a decline in the incidence of Hodgkin's disease, especially in older children, compared with an earlier Queensland series. Ewing's tumour remains commoner than osteosarcoma. Some modifications to the classification scheme for childhood cancer are proposed. The most important of these is the omission of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis, which is not now regarded as a neoplasm.
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PMID:Childhood cancer incidence in Queensland, 1979-88. 235 80

Among a cohort of 10,106 three-year survivors of childhood cancer, 90 second primary tumours (SPTs) were observed. Within 25 years of 3-year survival about 4% developed a SPT, about 6-fold expected, the relative risk not varying much with increasing follow-up. Following genetic retinoblastoma we observed 30-fold the expected number of SPTs, and over 400-fold the expected number of osteosarcomas. The risk of SPT in the absence of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (inherent risk) following genetic retinoblastoma was 13-fold expected and over 200-fold the expected number of osteosarcomas were observed. There was evidence that both radiotherapy and cyclophosphamide were associated with an increased risk of SPT. After all first primary tumours (FPTs) excluding retinoblastoma we observed almost 5-fold the expected number of SPTs. The inherent risk was 4-fold expected, the relative risks associated with radiotherapy but no chemotherapy, and both radiotherapy and chemotherapy were 6- and 9-fold expected respectively. There were about 20-fold the number of malignant bone tumours expected, most were osteosarcoma; also 7-fold the number of central nervous system tumours expected. There were 8 basal cell carcinomas and it seems likely that radiotherapy was involved in the development of some of these. Radiotherapy appears to have been involved in the development of many of the SPTs observed following all FPTs excluding retinoblastoma, particularly after CNS tumours, Wilms' tumour and Hodgkin's disease. Currently there is insufficient follow-up to examine the risk following chemotherapy. After acute leukaemia there was 20-fold the expected number of central nervous system tumours, though this is based on only 3 cases; whether therapy is directly involved in their development is uncertain. The risks we report are rarely greater than those reported in previous large-scale studies; in most instances they are substantially less. It is very unlikely that many SPTs were missed with our follow-up system so alternative explanations require further investigation; in particular it is possible the lower risks in our data compared to series treated in the United States may be explained, in part, by less combination therapy and lower doses of radiotherapy.
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PMID:Incidence of second primary tumours among childhood cancer survivors. 282 73

The rising incidence of second malignant neoplasms after childhood cancer, whilst due in part to increasing numbers of survivors, is also thought to be related to increasingly more intensive combined modality treatment schedules. Three illustrative cases are reported in which radiation therapy in childhood for the first cancer is thought to have been a significant aetiological factor in the pathogenesis of the second malignancy (which in all three patients was an osteogenic sarcoma).
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PMID:Second malignant neoplasms after childhood cancer: a report of three cases of osteogenic sarcoma. 303 98

Sixty-six cases of multiple primary neoplasms in children in Japan were collected, including 8 cases of our own. These could be divided into 19 synchronous and 47 metachronous multiple neoplasms. Metachronous or multiple primary neoplasms comprised leukemia, osteosarcoma, mesenchymal sarcoma, epithelial carcinoma and others in contrast to synchronous neoplasms which consisted of many pairs of embryonic tumors. The presumptive factors for multiple primary neoplasms suggested radiotherapy-associated cancers in 30%, radiochemotherapy-associated in 13%, chemotherapy-associated in 34%, and genetic factor-related in 36% of cases. Chromosomal analysis was performed in 12 cases. Three of 4 leukemias revealed major karyotypic abnormalities in the leukemic cells. No 13q14, deletion was detected in 5 cases with multiple primary neoplasms developed with retinoblastoma. Frequent incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was detected in cultured fibroblasts or lymphocytes from one of 3 cases of second primary neoplasms associated with chemotherapy. The time interval between both neoplasms ranged from 2 to 15 years in the majority of cases. Chemotherapy-associated multiple primary neoplasms seemed to appear more quickly than radiotherapy-associated multiple primary neoplasms. Seven children out of 459 long-term survivors of childhood cancer developed multiple primary neoplasms during the period from 5 to 20 years after diagnosis of the first tumor at the National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo. The relative risk was suggested to be 14 times higher than the expected incidence of childhood cancer in Japan. Refinement of treatment, long-term monitoring and protective procedures for high-risk patients against multiple primary neoplasms are therefore warranted.
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PMID:[Second malignant neoplasms in childhood]. 372 68


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