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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

89 central and 5 periosteal chondrosarcomas identified between 1974-1989 were reviewed in a retrospective study. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological characteristics of different types of chondrosarcomas and to describe remarkable features of location, age distribution and male to female ratio. We distinguish four types of centrally located chondrosarcoma: classical chondrosarcomas, dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and clear cell chondrosarcomas. Five periosteal chondrosarcomas were represented. Classical chondrosarcomas as well as clear cell chondrosarcomas indicate a significant predominance of males; no sex predilection in dedifferentiated and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas was seen. Nearly 60% of classical and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas occur in the trunk. 85% of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas are located in the long bones of the limbs. The most common location of clear cell chondrosarcoma is the proximal part of the femur. There is a marked predilection for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas in the second and third decades of life. The mean age of patients with classical chondrosarcomas was 54 years, but clear cell chondrosarcomas occur 10 years earlier and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas 10 years later. Characteristically, classical chondrosarcomas produce a pure chondroid matrix with variable differentiation of tumour chondrocytes. The most important histological feature of the dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is the close association of two different cellular components. One of these consists of cartilage, which is generally well differentiated. In most of our cases the second component showed features of osteosarcoma (50%). Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is characterized by concentric infiltration of cartilage islands by small tumour cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Pathomorphology of malignant chondrogenic bone tumors--an analysis of 94 cases from the Hamburg Bone Tumor Register (1974-1989)]. 153 67

Ninety-four chondrosarcomas of the Hamburg Bone Tumour Registry were reviewed in a retrospective study. The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological characteristics of different types of chondrosarcomas and to describe distinctive features of location, the age distribution and the male to female ratio. Central chondrosarcomas can be divided into classical chondrosarcomas, dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and clear-cell chondrosarcomas. Five periosteal chondrosarcomas were represented. Classical chondrosarcomas and clear-cell chondrosarcomas show a significant predominance of males; no sex predilection was seen in dedifferentiated and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas. Nearly 60% of classical and mesenchymal chondrosarcomas occur in the trunk. Eighty-five percent of dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas are located in the long bones of the limbs. Clear-cell chondrosarcomas arise in the proximal part of the femur. There is a marked predilection for mesenchymal chondrosarcomas in the second and third decades of life. The average age of patients with classical chondrosarcomas was 54 years, but clear-cell chondrosarcomas occur 10 years earlier and dedifferentiated chondrosarcomas 10 years later. Characteristically, classical chondrosarcomas produce a pure chondroid matrix with variable differentiation of tumour chondrocytes. The most important histological feature of the defifferentiated chondrosarcoma is the close association of two different cellular components. One of these consists of cartilage, which is generally well differentiated. In most of our cases the second component showed features of osteosarcoma (50%). Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is characterized by concentric infiltration of cartilage islands by small tumour cells. Clear-cell chondrosarcomas show regions of cartilaginous tumour and areas of closely packed, glycogen-rich, large tumour cells with distinct boundaries. Osteoid formation and multinucleated giant cells are present in clear-cell areas. Knowledge of this group of tumours is indispensable for correct histological diagnosis and typing and is important in the design of surgical therapy and the prediction of biological behaviour.
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PMID:Morphological typing of chondrosarcoma: a study of 94 cases. 203 55

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma is a rare but aggressive, high-grade malignancy of primitive cartilage-forming mesenchyme that arises most commonly from skeletal sites. Although there are radiological findings suggestive of the diagnosis, imaging features often overlap with those of other skeletal sarcomas. The definitive diagnosis relies on the histological finding of a typical bimorphic appearance, consisting of nests of small, round, poorly differentiated cells and more mature cartilaginous tissue. To highlight this, we present the case of a 21-year-old man who was referred to our institution with a history of right knee pain. Initial imaging and histological evaluation of a core biopsy of the lesion suggested osteosarcoma of the distal right femur; after review, however, the correct diagnosis of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma was made. Adequate tissue sampling and thorough histological evaluation of biopsy specimens is vital for the accurate diagnosis of primary bone malignancies, especially those of chondroid origin.
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PMID:Femoral mesenchymal chondrosarcoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cysts mimicking a small-cell osteosarcoma. 1632 81

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, a rare malignant round cell and hyaline cartilage tumor, is most commonly intraosseous but can occur in extraskeletal sites. We intensively observed the morphology and applied Sox9 (master regulator of chondrogenesis), beta-catenin (involved in bone formation, thought to inhibit chondrogenesis in a Sox9-dependent manner), and osteocalcin (a marker for osteoblastic phenotype) to 22 central nervous system and musculoskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were retrieved and reviewed from our files. Immunohistochemistry and follow-up were obtained on mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and tumor controls. Twenty-two mesenchymal chondrosarcomas included 5 central nervous system (all female; mean age, 30.2; mean size, 7.8 cm; in frontal lobe [n = 4] and spinal cord [n = 1]) and 17 musculoskeletal (female-male ratio, 11:6; mean age, 31.1; mean size, 6.2 cm; 3 each of humerus and vertebrae; 2 each of pelvis, rib, tibia, neck soft tissue; one each of femur, unspecified bone, and elbow soft tissue). The hyaline cartilage in most tumors revealed a consistent linear progression of chondrocyte morphology, from resting to proliferating to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Sixty-seven percent of cases demonstrated cell death and acquired osteoblastic phenotype, cells positive for osteocalcin at the site of endochondral ossification. Small round cells of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were negative for osteocalcin. SOX9 was positive in both components of 21 of 22 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. beta-Catenin highlighted rare nuclei at the interface between round cells and hyaline cartilage in 35% cases. Control skull and central nervous system cases were compared, including chondrosarcomas and small cell osteosarcoma, the latter positive for osteocalcin in small cells. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma demonstrates centrally located hyaline cartilage with a linear progression of chondrocytes from resting to proliferative to hypertrophic, which undergoes endochondral ossification, recapitulating growth plate cartilage and suggesting that this component of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma may be a differentiated (benign or metaplastic) component of a malignant metastasizing tumor. This hyaline cartilage component is morphologically different from cartilage of control chondrosarcoma. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can be separated from small cell osteosarcoma, using Sox 9 for cartilage and osteocalcin for osteoblastic phenotype. Rare nuclear beta-catenin expression at the interface between hyaline cartilage and small round cells potentially implicates the APC/Wnt pathway during endochondral ossification in morphologically benign hyaline cartilage component of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma.
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PMID:Reappraisal of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: novel morphologic observations of the hyaline cartilage and endochondral ossification and beta-catenin, Sox9, and osteocalcin immunostaining of 22 cases. 2013 30