Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

beta-Adrenergic receptors were demonstrated in membrane preparations from 6 human Ewing's sarcomas and compared to those from 46 other pediatric cancers with the use of the beta-adrenergic antagonist (-)-(3H)dihydroalprenolol [(-)[3H]DHA]. In contrast to the high numbers of receptor sites found in Ewing's sarcomas (55-640 fmol x mg-1 protein; dissociation constant Kd, 1-2 nM), other childhood cancers (neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, brain tumors, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac, and Wilms' tumor) contained in general fewer beta-adrenergic receptor sites. Characteristics of (-)-[3H]DHA binding were therefore more fully characterized in the Ewing's tumors. Competition of (-)-[3H]DHA binding by classical catecholamine agonists, as well as by subtype selective agents metoprolol and zinterol, demonstrated the presence of a homogeneous population of beta 1-adrenergic sites in several Ewing's tumors. Adenylate cyclase activity in all Ewing's sarcomas was enhanced by GTP and NaF. However, in spite of high numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors, (-)-isoproterenol was not very effective in the activation of adenylate cyclase activity in several of the Ewing's tumors tested. Neither guanyl-5'-yl-imidophosphate nor GTP altered agonist potency for the receptor site in these catecholamine-insensitive tumors. Hill coefficients obtained from the competition experiments with (-)-isoproterenol (in the presence or absence of guanine nucleotide) were approximately 1.0. These uncoupled receptors were resistant to N-ethylmaleimide denaturation and were densensitized only 50% during culture in the presence of (-)-isoproterenol. Thus Ewing's sarcomas are relatively rich in beta-adrenergic sites, and several tumors appear to have a coupling lesion involving guanine nucleotide-dependent regulatory protein interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase, similar in phenotype to that described in the (unc) variant of S49 mouse lymphoma.
 ...
PMID:beta-Adrenergic receptors in pediatric tumors: uncoupled beta 1-adrenergic receptor in Ewing's sarcoma. 631 52

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 10 children with intrathoracic disease. Entities imaged included mediastinal lymphoma and neuroblastoma, pulmonary metastases from hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma, hemorrhagic pleural effusion, and nonmalignant disease such as abscess, cystic fibrosis, and bronchogenic cyst. MR imaging was particularly valuable in delineating mediastinal and parenchymal masses from adjacent vascular structures without the need for contrast material enhancement. However, MR was insensitive to lesion calcification. Since pulmonary vessels give very low signal, differentiation of high-intensity pulmonary nodules from vessels is readily apparent. For similar reasons, MR was excellent in distinguishing endobronchial mucus plugs from peripheral pulmonary vessels.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax in childhood. Work in progress. 669 Nov 2

A total of 114 children with solid tumors refractory to conventional therapy were evaluated for response and/or toxic effects after receiving cisplatin at doses of 3.0-4.5 mg/kg with aggressive hydration and mannitol diuresis every 3 weeks; a minimum of two courses was required for evaluation of response (110 patients). Objective responses were noted in 18 patients: rhabdomyosarcoma (three), Wilm's tumor (three), osteogenic sarcoma (three). Ewing's sarcoma (two), neuroblastoma (one), undifferentiated sarcoma (one), hepatoblastoma (one), ovarian teratoma (one), hepatocellular carcinoma (one), embryonal carcinoma of the mediastinum (one), and thymoma (one). Twenty-six patients had some evidence of renal toxicity. Asymptomatic hearing loss was commonly found when audiometry was performed (eight of 18 patients tested). Eight additional patients had symptomatic hearing problems--tinnitus or hearing loss. Myelosuppression was mild. Hypomagnesemia and/or hypocalcemia were common but only one patient had symptoms. Cisplatin, administered at a dose of 3.0 mg/kg with aggressive hydration and mannitol diuresis, is reasonably well-tolerated. Its role in the therapy for those tumors against which it shows activity remains to be determined.
 ...
PMID:Phase II trail cisplatin in refractory childhood cancer: Children's Cancer Study Group Report. 694 56

An autopsy case of a 67 year old man with primary osteosarcoma arising in cirrhotic liver is reported. His son had von Recklinghausen disease and he had had a history of hepatitis C virus infection for 10 years. A large tumor, about 10 cm in diameter, was found in the right liver lobe. This tumor showed marked central necrosis and hemorrhage, and histologically diffuse sarcomatous cell proliferation associated with extensive osteoid formation and calcification of the periphery. Examination of the whole tumor and the cirrhotic liver (155 tissue blocks) showed that the tumor consisted of sarcoma cells mixed with osteoid with no region resembling hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma. Minute hepatocellular carcinomas were found in the cirrhotic liver distant from the sarcomatous area. On immunohistochemical examination, the main tumor gave a distinct positive reaction for vimentin, but not for keratin or other epithelial markers. These findings indicate that the tumor was a true primary osteosarcoma, not an osteoid metaplasia of hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Primary osteosarcoma arising from cirrhotic liver. 755 Oct 4

Genomic imprinting is the parental allele specific expression of genes and has recently been shown to occur in humans. Evidence for a role for genomic imprinting in human cancer comes from the finding of preferential retention of paternal alleles in embryonal tumors undergoing loss of heterozygosity, e.g., Wilms' tumor and osteogenic sarcoma. Recent studies have demonstrated imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II gene at 11p15 in normal individuals, with the paternally inherited allele expressed and the maternal allele silent. It has been shown that normal imprinting is relaxed, and gene expression is biallelic in a majority of Wilms' tumors which retain heterozygosity at this locus. In this study an intragenic ApaI polymorphism is used to examine imprinting of the insulin-like growth factor II gene in hepatoblastoma. Three of 5 tumors studied were heterozygous and hence informative. All cases showed monoallelic expression of the insulin-like growth factor II gene, indicating maintenance of normal imprinting at this locus.
 ...
PMID:Maintenance of genomic imprinting at the IGF2 locus in hepatoblastoma. 840 61

Solid malignant tumours (n = 263) excluding brain and spinal cord tumours in children up to 14 years of age were studied. Retinoblastoma (27%) constituted the largest group followed by Wilms' tumour (14.1%) and lymphoma (13.7%). Most patients (55%) were of less than 5 years age and maximum incidence of embryonal tumours was found in this age group; other tumours were more frequent in higher age. A male preponderance was noted (male to female ratio as 1.6:1). Amongst lymphoma, 61% were non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and rest were Hodgkin's disease; 2 cases of Burkitt's lymphoma were found. Other notable tumours encountered in the study were embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 14), hepatoblastoma (n = 9), neuroblastoma (n = 7), Ewing's sarcoma (n = 21), osteogenic sarcoma (n = 19) and germ cell tumours (n = 14).
 ...
PMID:Pattern of solid malignant tumours in children--a ten-year study. 935 72

We used a yeast functional assay (functional analysis of separated alleles in yeast: FASAY) to determine the p53 gene status of human cell lines maintained in our laboratory. This assay enables the researcher to score wild-type p53 expression on the basis of the ability of expressed p53 to transactivate the reporter gene HIS 3 via the p53-responsive GAL 1 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cell lines examined were ten hepatoma, two hepatoblastoma, three in vitro immortalized fibroblast, two osteosarcoma, a chondrosarcoma, an ovarian teratocarcinoma and a colon cancer cell line. Out of 20 cell lines, 11 cell lines had mutations in both alleles of the p53 gene, and another 8 cell lines had no mutation in the p53 gene. Thus, 55% of the cell lines examined had mutations in the p53. Interestingly, PA-1 cells had both the normal and the mutant p53 alleles, showing that FASAY is a useful method for detecting the wild-type and mutated p53 genes simultaneously. As for the three liver cell lines harboring HBsAg, there was no relationship between their p53 gene status and the presence of HBsAg. Two cell lines were normal for p53 status, while the other had a mutation of the p53 gene.
 ...
PMID:Yeast functional assay of the p53 gene status in human cell lines maintained in our laboratory. 935 23

Human breast cancer cells were cultured together with their metastatic target, bone tissue, to analyze possible growth promotion effects. The coculture of human osteosarcoma cells (TE-85) with human mammary carcinoma cells (ZR-75.1) resulted in up to 8.4-fold stimulation of proliferation of the breast tumor cells. Cell contact of the two cultures was permitted through the channels of Nuclepore filters. However, physical contact turned out not to be necessary, since the proliferative stimulus was also mediated by a bone-derived diffusible factor. Conditioned medium (CM), collected from human primary bone cultures, enhanced the rate of proliferation of several breast tissue cell lines (ZR-75.1, BT-20, HBL-100), while some lines were not affected by osteoblast CM. Breast tissue lines responding to bone CM express low to intermediate levels of the c-erbB-2 gene, in contrast to nonstimulated lines, which overexpress the gene. Recent observations of metastatic spread in breast cancer patients suggest a distinctive pattern of secondary tumor distribution in association with c-erbB-2 protein expression. Bone tissue seems to be a preferential target for metastases of c-erbB-2-negative breast tumors.
 ...
PMID:Human bone cells stimulate the growth of human breast carcinoma cells. 937 67

The retinoblastoma (RB) gene is one of the most extensively studied tumour-suppressor genes. Deletion or inactivation of both RB alleles is an essential, rate-limiting step in the formation of retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma that arise in families that carry mutant RB (ref. 2). RB inactivation is also found in other human tumours. Whereas loss of RB function is associated with the loss of cellular proliferative control, introduction of a wild-type RB can suppress cell growth and tumorigenicity. Thus, identification of factors that interfere with and/or control the function of the RB protein is critical for understanding both cell-cycle control and oncogenesis. Here we describe a new gene, Bog (for B5T over-expressed gene), which was identified and shown to be overexpressed in several transformed rat liver epithelial (RLE) cell lines resistant to the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1, as well as in primary human liver tumours. The Bog protein shares homology with other retinoblastoma-binding proteins and contains the Rb-binding motif LXCXE. Using the yeast two-hybrid system and co-immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that Bog binds to Rb. In vivo, Bog/Rb complexes do not contain E2F-1, and Bog can displace E2F-1 from E2F-1/Rb complexes in vitro. Overexpression of Bog in normal RLE cells conferred resistance to the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1. Furthermore, normal RLE cells are rapidly transformed when Bog is continuously overexpressed and form hepatoblastoma-like tumours when transplanted into nude mice. These data suggest that Bog may be important in the transformation process, in part due to its capacity to confer resistance to the growth-inhibitory effects of TGF-beta1 through interaction with Rb and the subsequent displacement of E2F-1.
 ...
PMID:A retinoblastoma-binding protein that affects cell-cycle control and confers transforming ability. 969 99

Childhood cancer often results in pulmonary metastases, and proper identification and prompt treatment of these lesions increases the survival of these patients. Between 21 May 1995 and 26 June 1996, nine children (five with osteosarcoma, two with Wilms' tumor, and one each with hepatoblastoma and an adrenocortical tumor) underwent median sternotomy at our institution for resection of bilateral pulmonary metastases. These five boys and four girls ranged in age from 2 to 16 years (median, 11 years). Identification and resection of metastases in all lobes of the lungs was greatly facilitated by the median sternotomy approach because both thoracic cavities were fully accessible. In each of five patients, as many as 23 metastases were removed using wedge resection or a stapling device. Multiple biopsies only were obtained from the four remaining patients, whose lesions were too numerous and diffuse for effective resection. All nine patients recovered uneventfully; the median hospitalization was 3 days (range, 2-5 days). We find that median sternotomy is a safe, effective, and relatively simple procedure for resecting bilateral pulmonary metastases in children with cancer.
 ...
PMID:Median sternotomy for the resection of bilateral pulmonary metastases in children. 979 75


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 Next >>