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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Any pathological damage occurring in a bone will produce either an osteolytic or osteosclerotic lesion which can be seen in the macroscopic specimen as well as in the roentgenogram. Various bone lesions may lead to local destructions of the bone. An osteoma or osteoplastic osteosarcoma produces an osteosclerotic lesion showing a dense mass in the roentgenogram; a chondroblastoma or an osteoclastoma, on the other had, induces an osteolytic focal lesion. This paper presents examples of different osteolytic lesions of the humerus. An osteolytic lesion seen in the roentgenogram may be either produced by an underlying non-ossifying fibroma of the bone, by fibrous dysplasia, osteomyelitis or Ewing's sarcoma. Differential diagnostic considerations based on the radiological picture include eosinophilic bone granuloma, juvenile or aneurysmal bone cyst, multiple myeloma or bone metastases. Serious differential diagnostic problems may be involved in case of osteolytic lesions occurring in the humerus. Cases of this type involving complications have been reported and include the presence of an teleangiectatic osteosarcoma as well as that of a hemangiosarcoma of the bone.
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PMID:[Intraosseous osteolytic lesions. Diagnostic, differential diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. 694 21

The value of full-lung tomograms and of bone scanning in the initial work-up of patients with osteogenic sarcoma is evaluated in 126 consecutive cases observed at the Bone Tumor Center of the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli from July 1976 to December 1980. Full-lung tomograms and bone scanning showed unsuspected metastases in 3 patients and 2 patients respectively. False abnormal results were observed in 4 cases by tomography and in 3 cases by bone scan. The authors conclude that in osteosarcoma, the yields of full-lung tomography and of bone scanning are small in detecting unsuspected lung and bone metastases at the time of presentation. It therefore appears improbable that the improvements recently observed in this tumor with adjuvant chemotherapy are the result of unintentional case selection bias due to these examinations not having been performed in the historical group.
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PMID:Full-lung tomograms and bone scanning in the initial work-up of patients with osteogenic sarcoma. A review of 126 cases. 696 68

The surgical management of bone metastases should relieve pain and improve function. Of the operative cases (170 in the last 10 years), 30% underwent resectional therapy with successful implantation of an endoprosthesis. Surgical management of primary malignant bone tumors should result in cure. Since 1976, in 44 of 54 cases of osteosarcoma a tumor resection was performed and in 40 cases the operation was adequate. A rotation plasty operation was performed in 15 of the 44, a tumor endoprosthesis was implanted in 22, and other methods were used in seven.
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PMID:[Surgical therapy of malignant bone tumors and results of the treatment]. 696 62

Osteosarcoma of the thoracic spine developed in a 15-year-old Japanese boy. After his first admission with paralysis, multiple skeletal metastases were demonstrated in the absence of pulmonary metastasis. This rare condition may possibly be considered as a unicentric osteosarcoma with bone metastases, since there were no precursor lesions or history of exposure to radioactive materials or chemical agents. These multiple lesions may be an example of so-called "organ-specific metastasis," although this "nonstochastic" process is rare.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma with multiple skeletal metastases. A case of "nonstochastic" metastasis. 751 Jan 14

Thirty-five dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were treated with 5 doses of doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 of body surface, i.v., every 2 weeks). Surgical excision of the primary tumor was performed 13 days after the second (n = 18) or third (n = 17) treatment, and the subsequent doxorubicin treatment was given the day following surgery. Resected tumors were evaluated histologically to determine response to preoperative chemotherapy (ie, percentage of the tumor that was necrotic). Survival data for the 35 dogs were compared with survival data for a historical control group, consisting of 162 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated by amputation alone. Administration of doxorubicin at 2 week intervals was well tolerated. Three dogs were alive and did not have evidence of disease at the time of reporting. Of the remaining 32 dogs, 3 died or were euthanatized because of cardiomyopathy presumably caused by doxorubicin; 1 died suddenly 116 weeks after initiation of treatment; and the remaining 28 were euthanatized because of problems documented to be related to distant metastases. Thirteen dogs (40.6%) were euthanatized because of pulmonary metastases, 10 dogs (31.3%) were euthanatized because of bone metastases, and 5 dogs (15.6%) were euthanatized because of metastases in other sites. The proportion of dogs euthanatized because of bone metastases was significantly (P < 0.001) higher for the study group than for the control group. Median survival time for the 35 dogs that received doxorubicin was estimated to be 52.3 weeks, and 1- and 2-year survival rates were estimated to be 50.5 and 9.7%, respectively. Survival time was significantly (P < 0.0001) longer for these dogs than for control dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Results of surgery and doxorubicin chemotherapy in dogs with osteosarcoma. 777 32

The records of 3,795 cases of malignant melanoma treated at the INT (Milan) from 1975 to 1992 were reviewed. Histologic confirmation was obtained in all cases. Thirty-one patients (0.82%) with solitary or multiple skeletal metastases were identified. The review of conventional films, tomograms, CT, MR and bone scintigraphy images enabled us to detect 120 single bone lesions. The X-ray features were divided into two groups according to typical and atypical skeletal lesions. Typical bone metastases are osteolytic (87.5%), with medullary origin (91.6%), and they cannot be distinguished from other osteolytic metastases on the basis of imaging criteria alone. Lesion growth causes cortical erosion and destruction (46.6%), pathologic fractures (22.5%) and soft tissue involvement (12.5%). Lytic areas usually have ill-defined margins. Clear-cut outline is an uncommon finding. Atypical skeletal metastases exhibit a mixed osteolytic-osteoblastic pattern (10%), which is hardly ever completely osteoblastic (2.5%). Other unusual metastatic patterns include intense trabecular rarefaction with no detectable single lesion (3.3%), the presence of a well-defined sclerotic rim and periosteal reaction (12.5%). Atypical growth may cause extensive cortical destruction and periosteal production resembling osteogenic osteosarcoma. The various imaging methods show that conventional radiology has relatively poor sensitivity because of anatomical reasons, while MRI is the most sensitive method to detect skeletal localizations. Treatment changes the radiologic patterns of the lesions: recalcification, sclerotic rim, periosteal reaction are common response patterns. Finally, in spite of the above limitations, conventional radiology remains the method of choice to assess lesion evolution during the follow-up.
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PMID:[The radiodiagnosis of bone metastases from melanoma]. 804 25

The total plasma alkaline phosphatase level has long been recognised as an indicator of osteoblastic activity, but lack of specificity makes it an insensitive index of the progress of disease and the response to treatment. Selective precipitation by wheatgerm lectin allows measurement of the plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. We measured the plasma levels of this isoenzyme in 170 normal Chinese adolescents and adults, in 49 adults with fractures of a long bone, in 15 patients with osteosarcoma and in 38 patients with osteolytic metastases. The enzyme activity was also determined in 39 patients with liver disease. Of the patients with fractures, 94% had increased plasma activity during the healing process. The level was also increased in those with osteosarcoma but not in those with osteolytic bone metastases. There was no significant increase in activity in the patients with liver disease. We conclude that the plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase activity is a sensitive and reliable measure of osteoblastic activity.
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PMID:Plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase as an indicator of osteoblastic activity. 844 51

The present study was undertaken to examine oncogene abnormalities in human bone and soft tissue tumors. Twenty four tumor tissues and one human cell strain established from an osteosarcoma were examined by Southern blot analysis using a recessive oncogene (p0.9R and p3.8R derived from a cDNA of the Rb gene) and eight dominant oncogenes (c-myc, c-K-ras, c-fos, c-raf-1, c-fms, c-sis, N-myc, and c-erb B) as probes. Homozygous deletions or other alterations within the Rb locus were found in 3 of 6 osteosarcomas, 1 osteosarcoma cell line, 1 of 3 malignant fibrous histiocytomas and 1 of 2 Ewing's sarcomas. On the other hand, amplification of c-myc was found in 2 osteosarcomas and 1 osteosarcoma cell line. All cases with c-myc amplification had alterations in the structure of the Rb locus, and these patients showed rapid clinical malignancy progression and a probable tendency to bone metastases. Results of this study suggest that structural alterations of the Rb gene and amplification of c-myc might play an important role in the clinical course and pathogenesis of osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Alterations of retinoblastoma susceptible gene accompanied by c-myc amplification in human bone and soft tissue tumors. 851 77

Bone metastases are a common complication in prostate and breast cancer patients. It leads to extensive morbidity and eventually mortality. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to be involved in the metastatic process. MMP activity can be down-regulated by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), a growth-modulating factor, found in high concentrations in the bone. TGF-beta1 acts through the TGF-beta1 inhibitory element (TIE) element, a cis-acting element found in the promoter region of most MMP genes, with the exception of MMP-2. We used three human cell lines relevant for bone metastases, namely prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3, breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231, and adenocarcinoma cells of unknown origin, Hs696, and one human osteosarcoma cell line, SAOS-2, and showed that in these cell lines TGF-beta1 partially lost its repressing action on MMP expression. TGF-beta1 was able to induce MMP-9 activity and protein expression in all three bone-metastatic tumour cell types, whereas MMP-9 protein levels were repressed in SAOS-2 cells. In PC-3 cells, TGF-beta1 repressed MMP-1 expression, whereas in MDA-MB-231 and SAOS-2 cells, an increase in the expression of MMP-1 protein was detected. Additionally, an increase in MMP-3 expression was observed in Hs696 cells. Expression and activity of the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, were found increased in both PC-3 and MDA-MB-231 cells. With respect to cell proliferation, TGF-beta1 was able to induce a dose-dependent growth inhibition of up to 50% in primary human mammary epithelial cells. However, in none of the tumour cell lines was TGF-beta1 able to suppress growth substantially. Data presented in this paper support the hypothesis that TGF-beta1 can potentially disrupt the balance existing between osteoclast- and osteoblast-derived MMP activity by inducing altered expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors derived from bone-metastasizing cancer cells. This could eventually lead to skeletal destruction in patients with advanced metastatic disease.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor beta1 acts as an inducer of matrix metalloproteinase expression and activity in human bone-metastasizing cancer cells. 1039 Jan 44

Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma) metastasizes primarily to the lung. With the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy as part of the treatment, the overall and disease-free survival rates have dramatically improved. In this case report, a young man with multiple soft tissue and bone metastases, including a rare large bone-forming retroperitoneal metastasis, is described. Despite the extensive extrapulmonary metastases, the patient did not develop pulmonary metastases in the 4 years following initial presentation of the primary tumour.
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PMID:Recurrent, multiple, calcified soft tissue metastases from osteogenic sarcoma without pulmonary involvement. 1065 67


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