Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bone morphogenetic activities of the primary tumors of 30 patients with osteosarcoma were assayed. This activity was demonstrated as ectopic new bone formation on implantation of freeze-dried fractions of 12 of 30 tumors into athymic nude mice. Pulmonary metastases developed in ten (83%) of the 12 patients with osteosarcomas that produced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and bone metastases developed in six (50%) of the patients. The mean period from diagnosis to metastasis was 4.2 months in these patients. In contrast, pulmonary metastases developed in only eight (44%) of the patients with osteosarcomas that did not produce BMP, and bone metastases developed in only two (11%) of these patients. The mean period to metastasis was 12.3 months in these patients. The incidence of metastases in the patients with osteosarcomas producing BMP was significantly higher, and the mean period to metastasis was also significantly shorter than in the other group. The five year survival rates of patients with osteosarcomas that did and did not produce BMP were 33.3% and 54.6%, respectively (P = 0.015, log-rank test). Thus the bone morphogenetic activity of primary osteosarcoma tissue seems to be closely correlated with the prognosis of the patients.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of bone morphogenetic activity in osteosarcoma tissue. 342 72

The value of stratigraphy and pulmonary CT in the initial work-up of osteosarcoma of the extremities is assessed with reference to 217 patients encountered in the Bone Tumour Centre of Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute in May 1983-May 1986. Stratigraphy revealed lung metastases not identified by standard radiography in 4 patients (1.8%), while CT revealed metastases not identified by either standard X-rays or stratigraphy in a further 6 cases (2.7%). It is concluded that the increase in the percentage of cures (about 30%) reported in the last 10 years in osteosarcoma cases given adjuvant chemotherapy cannot be explained by any difference in initial selection due to the use of these techniques that were not adopted in the historical series.
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PMID:[Usefulness of stratigraphy and computerized tomography in the initial staging of osteosarcoma of the extremities. Retrospective study of 217 cases]. 342 62

A 10-year-old child presented with small-cell osteosarcoma of the proximal end of the tibia. Pulmonary metastases appeared after a gap of 9 months of ablative surgery, as did late multiple extra-pulmonary skeletal metastases, including the hand and foot bones after 6 months of pulmonary metastases. These late extrapulmonary metastases appear to be secondary to pulmonary metastases.
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PMID:A small-cell osteosarcoma with multiple skeletal metastases. 342 3

Metastatic behavior patterns in 303 untreated Sprague-Dawley rats bearing a transplantable cerium-144-induced osteosarcoma is described. The influence of survival time, sex, age of donor and recipient animals at time of transplantation, on the development of metastasis in lungs, kidneys, lymph nodes and liver was investigated. Nearly all (98.7 per cent) rats bearing osteosarcomas in the knee region developed primary hematogeneous lung metastases and 10.6 per cent of these developed secondary metastasis in the kidneys. A further primary, lymphogenous metastatic spread occurred in 15.5 per cent of the animals. Ninety-two per cent of the rats died because of lung metastases, but animals with long survival times developed significantly more extrapulmonary metastases than animals with a shorter survival time. This is an agreement with the observed change in metastatic patterns in osteosarcoma patients with prolonged survival after adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, the age of the donor-tumors and the recipient animals influenced survival time and consequently metastatic patterns. It was therefore possible to keep available several groups of osteosarcoma-bearing animals with different expectations of survival time. The results of transplantation of the same tumor by the intraperitoneal and the intravenous route are also presented.
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PMID:Changing metastatic patterns of a transplantable rat osteosarcoma. 347 Jan 63

Osteosarcoma is known to metastasize rather early, and even after surgical resection of the primary metastases may occur predominantly in the lung. Administration of polychemotherapy for destruction of micrometastases has served to improve prognosis. Preoperative chemotherapy facilitates the evaluation of regression, another factor of high prognostic relevance. Morphologic analysis of pulmonary metastases developing during chemotherapy is of considerable interest on account of the potential therapy resistance of certain histologic subtypes of osteosarcoma. In the present study pulmonary metastases resected in 20 thoracotomies of 15 osteosarcoma patients were investigated by light microscopy and compared, if possible, to the respective primaries. All patients had received chemotherapy, predominantly according to the COSS 80 and COSS 82 protocols. The histologic picture of a tumor was found to change from the primary to the pulmonary metastasis, a pattern also verified in the lung metastases collected in consecutive thoracotomies from the same patient. Several different subtypes were regularly found side by side in the metastases, but generally no special sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy could be attributed to any of these subtypes. Our results nevertheless do indicate an increased resistance of anaplastic tumor tissue. The response to chemotherapy agreed in 9 of 10 primaries with that of their metastases.
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PMID:Morphology of pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma during chemotherapy. 347 66

The effectiveness of cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (cisplatinum, platidiam, DDP) alone or as a component of combined treatment was evaluated in 85 patients with osteogenic sarcoma. The said drugs were used as adjuvants following radical surgery (group I-18 cases), in combined treatment of solitary and single lung metastases (group 2-7 cases) and in 60 patients with advanced tumors (group 3). An analysis of long-term results showed response in 30.8% in group 3. In group 2, application of chemotherapy plus surgery was followed by remissions of 2-46+-month duration (mean-13.9 months). In group I, 78.7% are expected to survive metastasis-free more than 12 months. Toxicity was moderate, with nausea and vomiting (87.1%), myelosuppression (52.8%), nephrotoxicity (48.6%) and alopecia (75.7%) being the most common side-effects.
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PMID:[Experience with and outlook for the use of cisplatin in the combined therapy of osteogenic sarcoma]. 347 57

Thirty-seven patients with osteosarcoma were evaluated by CT of both the involved bone and the lungs. The ratio of the extent (E) of the involved marrow segment to the length (L) of involved bone (E/L) was correlated with the presence and subsequent development of pulmonary metastases. The marrow was evaluated by CT for the presence of tumor by measuring mean attenuation coefficients on serial axial scans. Three patient groups were identified: group 1 consisted of seven patients with lung metastases at presentation (mean E/L = 61%), group 2 consisted of 10 patients who developed lung metastases or recurrent tumor either during or after chemotherapy (mean E/L = 39%), and group 3 consisted of 20 patients who completed therapy and remained disease-free (mean E/L = 28%). All patients received chemotherapy in addition to surgical resection except for two patients in group 1. No patient with an E/L ratio greater than 50% remained disease-free for more than 14 months after the initial diagnosis. Fifty percent or greater involvement of the marrow cavity thus carries a particularly poor prognosis, and its absence or presence can be used as a significant prognostic aid in osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma: relation between extent of marrow infiltration on CT and frequency of lung metastases. 350 Jun 8

Twenty-two patients with newly diagnosed nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity were treated with an adjuvant chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) and cisplatin. Fourteen of the 22 patients remain continuously disease free for 65+ to 113+ months, with a median time on study of 70+ months. The 72-month disease-free survival estimate is 64%. Pulmonary metastases occurred in six patients, an isolated stump recurrence was seen in one patient, and one patient had a local recurrence following a limb-salvage procedure. For those patients in whom pulmonary metastases developed, the onset was late in three of six, and the number of metastases was three or fewer in all patients. Two patients with pulmonary metastases and one with a stump recurrence have apparently been salvaged, thus resulting in a 77% 72-month survival. Toxicity observed in patients treated with this regimen was in keeping with previous reports. This chemotherapeutic regimen is effective in the adjuvant therapy of nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity. It should be incorporated into other adjuvant protocols in an effort to continue to improve the outcome in patients with osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Adjuvant adriamycin and cisplatin in newly diagnosed, nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremity. 351 85

There has been a striking improvement in the overall numbers of children and adolescents who become disease-free and remain disease-free as a result of intensive therapy as defined today, for the following cancers: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), poor risk acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. The therapy for each of these tumors, with the exception of osteosarcoma, consisted of combination chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and was started as soon after diagnosis as possible. Aggressive therapy of osteosarcoma has consisted of surgical removal of lung metastases and chemotherapy. Intensive chemotherapy recently has included the use of high doses of certain drugs such as cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate, VP-16-213 and melphalan in the treatment of patients with tumors that are currently difficult to treat.
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PMID:Indications for and benefits of intensive therapies in treatment of childhood cancers. 352 34

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the newly synthesized bisphosphonic acid-linked N-Lost derivative BAD retains bone-seeking and cytostatic properties. The paper describes experiments on mutagenicity in vitro and on toxicity in vivo. BAD is characterized by very low mutagenic activity toward histidine auxotrophic Salmonella typhimurium strains. Cytotoxic effects were tested in rat osteosarcoma and in Walker carcinosarcoma 256B. The LD50 of i.v. injected BAD was 146 mg/kg. Acute toxicity is probably caused by calcium complexing of the bisphosphonate part of the molecule. Labeling experiments showed moderate accumulation in bone and osteosarcoma, as well as in lung metastases. BAD effected high tumor growth inhibition in osteosarcoma and Walker carcinosarcoma-bearing rats and marked prolongation of survival; histologic and radiographic examination revealed rapid calcification of osteosarcoma and lung metastases. BAD-pretreatment produced protective effects against osteolysis induced by intratibially implanted Walker carcinosarcoma ascites cells. The cytostatic efficacy of equitoxic doses of BAD in rat osteosarcoma is comparable to that of dacarbazine and in Walker carcinosarcoma to that of melphalan.
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PMID:Synthesis, antitumor activity, distribution and toxicity of 4-[4-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]-1-hydroxybutane-1 1-bisphosphonic acid (BAD), a new lost derivative with increased accumulation in rat osteosarcoma. 352 74


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