Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inoculation of Moloney sarcoma virus into the marrow cavity of the tibia of newborn Wistar-Lewis rats resulted in the appearance of an initially localized osteosarcoma in 97.7% of these animals. At least 77.9% of the rats developed lung metastases and died, usually within 6 weeks of inoculation. The remaining 22.1% showed regression of disease after initial growth of the tumor. Tumor cells were maintained in tissue culture and used as target cells for a visual and isotopic (3H-thymidine or 125IUdR) microcytotoxicity assay. Cell-mediated immunity could be measured by these methods throughout the course of the illness in animals with progressive disease as well as in those whose tumors eventually regressed. The presence of serum factors capable of modifying the level of CMI was documented. This Moloney-sarcoma-virus-induced rat osteosarcoma and human osteosarcoma thus appear to have several basic pathologic and immunologic similarities. The model may be useful for studying the effects of a variety of treatment protocols upon the clinical course and immune response to osteosarcoma.
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PMID:A laboratory model for the study of the immunobiology of osteosarcoma. 17 15

Metastases of osteosarcomas do not grow according to a simple exponential function, but rather according to a type of Gompertz' function where flattening with a tendency toward plateau formation sets in after a certain time. This deviation from an exponential growth type corresponds to a substantial increase in the initial tumor size--doubling time. The metastasis doubles in the period after its transfer faster than when it first becomes visible in an x-ray. Another important conclusion resulting from the use of the Gompertz model is the assumption of a tumor-specific maximum volume which cannot be exceeded over a period of infinite growth. For lung metastases of osteosarcoma this volume amounts to approximately 120 cm3. The critical volume which kills the host is, at 70 to 80 cm3, relatively close to this theoretical growth limit (only approximately one cell division below this limit). If a metastasis develops from a single cell, the number of divisions up to this point is approximately 46. Of these, 38 lie within the growth zone which is not visible via x-ray. Since cell-cycle specific agents (for example Vincristin and Methotrexate) have the greatest effect against rapidly proliferating tumors, these drugs (for example alkylantic drugs) are especially effective in the case of slowly proliferating neoplasms. Therefore, use of these drugs should be favored when the metastasis is visible in the x-ray. Since occasionally, particular when the primary tumor is still relatively small, metastasization may not necessarily have already taken place, radical operation of the primary tumor should be carried out as soon as possible. A preliminary irradiation of the primary tumor cannot prevent metastasization with certainty. Therefore delayed amputation should be avoided.
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PMID:[On the growth characteristics of human osseous sarcoma metastases: mathematical calculations and clinical consequences (author's transl)]. 27 86

6 patients with solid tumours (4 malignant melanomas, one fibrosarcoma, one osteogenic sarcoma) received i.v. C. parvum alone or in combination therapy (radiotherapy, Levamisole and/or vitamin A). The single doses of C. parvum ranged from 5.0-7.5 mg/m2; No. of doses ranged from 1-8; interval between doses ranged from 2-140 days. 2 patients with malignant melanoma had no measurable disease, one of them (stage I) still has no evidence of disease. The patient with fibrosarcoma appeared to have a minor decrease in size of some of the lung metastases for a short time (ca 4 weeks), but soon progressed as well as the other 4 patients. Except for the one patients still having no evidence of disease the other 5 are dead of disease. Survival time did not appear to correlate either with systemic reaction to C. parvum or with No. of doses of C. parvum. The one minor response was observed in a patient receiving a total of 8 doses; but response was seen already after 3 doses, and progression occurred after 6 doses. So this change of lung metastases might have been unrelated to this therapy. Summarizing, there was no evident anti-tumour effect observed after i.v. C. parvum in these patients with solid tumours.
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PMID:First impressions of I.V. C. parvum in patients with solid tumours. 60 43

Spontaneous pneumothorax is an uncommon complication of lung metastatic disease. In most of the cases reported until today, the primary disease was a sarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, hemangioendotheliosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma). An exceptional case of spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient suffering from carcinoma of the breast with lung metastases, is herein presented. The pneumothorax developed immediately after regression of lung metastases during administration of combined chemotherapy. Some etiological factors, as well as the rarity of this complication and its treatment, are also discussed.
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PMID:Spontaneous pneumothorax complicating lung metastases from carcinoma of the breast. 83 Mar 15

The paper presents a detailed comparison of the anatomical distribution and frequency of clinically evident metastases in 152 cases of osteosarcoma, and autopsy findings in 43 cases. The behaviour of long bone tumours is contrasted with those arising elsewhere, which tend to metastasize less widely because of early death from effects of the primary tumour. In both clinical and autopsy series long bone tumours produced lung metastases (LM) in over 90% of patients dying with metastases, but the terminal frequency of extra-pulmonary metastases (EPM) rises from a clinical level of 33% to 83% at autopsy. There was little difference between tumours of the major long bones in the frequency of either LM or EPM, but EPM from the humerus tended to be fewer and sited above the diaphragm and from the femur below it. EPM most often involved other bones, notably vertebrae and pelvis. Not more than 10% of tumours invaded regional lymph nodes but terminally a quarter of the long bone tumours had metastasized to heart and abdomen. The infrequency of metastases in muscle was confirmed. The median time for LM was 5-6 months after starting treatment, for EPM 9-10. months. First metastases after 24 months were infrequent, especially in children. With delay in the appearance of metastases, whether LM or EPM, post-metastatic survival lengthened. Neither age, sex nor mode of treatment of the primary notably affected metastatic frequency, although recurrences were much more numerous when radiotherapy, even with high dosage, was the definitive treatment. Local recurrence usually appeared within 6-8 months and was shown to lead to increased frequency of osseous metastases. It is suggested that terminal dissemination may often be tertiary but not always from a pulmonary secondary.
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PMID:The metastatic patterns of osteosarcoma. 105 38

Pulmonary metastases were measured in 7 patients with osteosarcoma. The growth curve of these metastases appears to conform closely to a Gompertzian function, a mathematical description widely accepted as a model for tumor growth in animal systems. Growth curves for pulmonary metastases were projected backwards assuming exponential growth for that period between amputation and initial roentgenologic detection. Lesion size at the time of amputation is estimated and found to vary widely from miniscule lesions of a few cells to large foci destined to become roentgenographically detectable within a few weeks of amputation.
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PMID:Growth characteristics of pulmonary metastases from osteosarcoma. 106 97

Clinical and necropsy findings were obtained from case records for 65 dogs treated surgically for osteosarcoma at the University of Pennsylvania Small Animal Hospital between July, 1952, and July, 1973, inclusive. The median age of the dogs was 6 years. There were 39 males and 26 females. All but 5 of the 65 dogs weighed more than 16 kg. Sixty-two of the osteosarcomas arose from the limbs and 3 from the ribs. The median duration of presurgical clinical signs was 6 weeks, with a range of 1 day to 24 weeks. There were no statistical correlations between the postsurigical survival times and the age, sex, or breed of the dog, the site of the osteosarcoma, or the duration of the presurgical clinical signs. Of the 40 dogs with known lung metastases, 11 also had hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. The median survival time was 18 weeks, with a range of 3 to greater than 578 weeks. Twenty-six percent were alive 6 months potoperatively, 13.8% were still alive at 9 months, and 10.7% survived more than 1 year. The total median duration of the disease was 24 weeks (range, 8 greater than 578 weeks).
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PMID:Results of surgical treatment in 65 dogs with osteosarcoma. 106 92

Of tumours arising in otherwise normal bones, fibrosarcoma is about one-third as common as osteosarcoma and may have a very slightly better prognosis. A comparison of the aetiology and behaviour of forty-nine fibrosarcomata and 152 osteosarcomata indicates several similar features. Fibrosarcoma lacks the characteristic peak incidence in adolescence of osteosarcoma, but the age and sex distributions of both tumour types in patients of middle life--twenty-five to sixty-five years--are remarkably similar, even in their frequency. With fibrosarcoma, perhaps, lung metastases are fewer and appear later, thus contributing to the slightly better survival, but there is some increase in the proportion of extra-pulmonary secondaries. As with osteosarcoma, patients with fibrosarcoma show some increase in the length of post-metastatic survival when metastases are of later appearance. For the whole series the five-year crude survival rate was 21 per cent, better results being recorded for patients with histologically well differentiated tumours (30 per cent) and for long bone tumours when the patient was metastasis-free initially and the tumour was treated by prompt ablation (40 per cent). These are probably the best results one may expect for osseous fibrosarcoma without recourse to adjuvant antimetastatic therapy. Complete control of the primary tumour is likewise mandatory, and can be assured only by complete surgical removal when this is technically feasible.
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PMID:Metastatic spread of fibrosarcoma of bone; A report on forty-nine cases, and a comparison with osteosarcoma. 107 Oct 90

A 29-year-old patient presented with bilateral pulmonary lesions following surgery for recurrent placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). On day seven after institution of the 'EMA' regimen (etoposide, medium dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue and actinomycin-D), complete pneumothorax occurred. Closed-system air drainage brought only transient lung expansion and subsequent talc pleurodesis was needed. During follow-up, complete regression of lung metastases was observed. A literature survey of post-chemotherapy pneumothorax in patients with lung metastases disclosed fourteen hitherto reported cases. Including the present PSTT case, non-epithelial gynecologic malignancy (3 patients) ranks second to osteogenic sarcoma (6 cases) with regard to the primary tumor involved.
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PMID:Pneumothorax following induction chemotherapy in patients with lung metastases: a case report and literature review. 132 77

From September 1986 to December 1989, 26 selected patients with high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities metastatic at presentation were treated with primary chemotherapy (high doses of methotrexate, -cisplatinum and adriamycin) followed by surgery. Twenty-one cases underwent resections of the primary and metastatic tumor at the same time; owing to the disappearance of lung metastases after preoperative chemotherapy in 3 cases, only the primary tumor was operated on. Due to progression of the disease in 2 patients, no surgery was performed. Histologic examination of the resected specimen was performed to evaluate the percentage of necrosis produced by chemotherapy on the primary and metastatic tumor. After surgery, the patients received further chemotherapy with the same drugs used preoperatively plus ifosfamide and VP-16. The histologic response of the primary tumor was good (> 90% tumor necrosis) in 25% of the cases; in the resected metastatic nodules, 23% had good responses. A discrepancy between the histologic response of the primary and secondary tumor was observed in only 15% of the cases. These results seem to confirm the validity of the strategy (widely used today in the neoadjuvant treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma) of changing the postoperative treatment when the histologic response of the primary tumor is poor. At an average follow-up of 3.5 years, only 6 patients remained disease-free; 19 patients relapsed and 1 patient died for adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Of the 19 relapsed patients, 16 died and 3 are still alive but with uncontrolled disease. These results are much worse than those obtained in 144 cases of non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities treated in the same period with the same preoperative chemotherapy (77% with good response in the primary tumor and 78% with continuous disease-free survival). The data suggest that a very effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities gives disappointing results in osteosarcoma of the extremities which is metastatic at presentation.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the extremity metastatic at presentation: results achieved in 26 patients treated with combined therapy (primary chemotherapy followed by simultaneous resection of the primary and metastatic lesions). 144 Sep 45


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