Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is controversy regarding whether lymphatic vessels are present or absent in bone. Although lymphangiomas have been described in bone, lymphatic vessels have not been identified morphologically with certainty in any other benign or malignant bone tumors or in normal human bone. In this study, we determined by immunohistochemistry, using 2 specific lymphatic endothelial cell markers, LYVE-1 and podoplanin, whether lymphatics are present in normal bone and a wide range of primary and secondary bone neoplasms. In normal bone, LYVE-1+/podoplanin+ lymphatic vessels were not identified in cortical or cancellous bone but were seen in connective tissue overlying the periosteum. With the exception of lymphangioma, Gorham-Stout disease, and hemangioendothelioma, primary benign and malignant bone tumors (as well as secondary carcinomas) that were confined to bone did not contain lymphatic vessels. Primary and secondary bone tumors that had extended through the bone cortex contained LYVE-1+/podoplanin+ lymphatic vessels that seemed to extend for a short distance from surrounding soft tissues into the tumor. Three cases of osteosarcoma that had extended through the bone cortex and had lymph node metastases were all found to contain lymphatic vessels within the tumor. These results indicate that the lymphatic circulation is unlikely to play a role in bone fluid transport in normal bone and that lymphatic vessels are absent from most primary and secondary tumors confined to bone. These findings also suggest that lymphangiogenesis is not involved in the disease progression of most primary bone tumors and that carcinomatous metastasis to bone does not occur via lymphatics.
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PMID:Lymphatics and bone. 1902 56

Primary osteosarcoma of the calvarium is rare. A 22-year-old female patient was admitted for a progressively enlarging, indurated mass under her scalp for 6 months. A computed tomographic scan revealed a 4 x 3 x 2-cm3 osteolytic lesion over the right parietal cortex with a sunburst appearance. The patient underwent en bloc tumor resection using bicortical parietal craniectomy with a 2-cm margin of normal bone, including the tightly adherent periosteum over the tumor. Immediate cranioplasty was performed with split-thickness autogenous calvarial bone grafts. Histopathologic examination showed the tumor to be a primary high-grade osteosarcoma of the skull. She received postoperative chemotherapy. She has recovered well and remains without any evidence of disease at her most recent, 8-year follow-up. The key to disease-free survival in treating primary osteosarcoma of the calvarium is complete surgical resection with immediate reconstruction followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Long-term management of craniofacial osteosarcoma. 1927 27

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of bone in children and adolescents. In spite of successful control of the primary tumor, death from lung metastasis occurs in more than a third of patients. To investigate the efficacy of zoledronic acid (ZOL) on the development, progression and metastatic spread of OS, we used a rat model of OS, with features of the disease similar to human patients, including spontaneous metastasis to lungs. Rat OS cells were inoculated into the tibial marrow cavity of syngeneic rats. OS development was associated with osteolysis mixed with new bone formation, adjacent to the periosteum and extended into the surrounding soft tissue. Metastatic foci in the lungs formed 3-4 weeks postcancer cell transplantation. Treatment with a clinically relevant dose of ZOL was initiated 1 week after tumors were established and continued once weekly or as a single dose. ZOL preserved the integrity of both trabecular and cortical bone and reduced tumor-induced bone formation. However, the overall tumor burden at the primary site was not reduced because of the persistent growth of cancer cells in the extramedullary space, which was not affected by ZOL treatment. ZOL treatment failed to prevent the metastatic spread of OS to the lungs. These findings suggest that ZOL as a single agent protects against OS-induced bone destruction but lacks efficacy against pulmonary metastases in this rat model. ZOL may have potential value as an adjuvant therapy in patients with established OS.
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PMID:Zoledronic acid protects against osteosarcoma-induced bone destruction but lacks efficacy against pulmonary metastases in a syngeneic rat model. 1992 13

One case of an expansile mass involving the roots of a mandibular left first molar in a nine year old male is presented. The lesion has features of a cementoblastoma (CB), osteoblastoma (OB), and osteosarcoma (OS) both radiographically and histologically. Radiographically, a "sunburst" appearance is present. Histologically, the lesional tissue is intimately involved with the root, not the periosteum. The clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic characteristics of CB, OB, and OS are discussed as well as the difficulties associated with distinguishing between these lesions in the gnathic region.
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PMID:Case report: a pediatric case of cementoblastoma with histologic and radiographic features of an osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma. 2073 58

Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms that are able to directly produce osteoid, without requiring a cartilage template. The extraskeletal localization indicates that these neoplasms are not associated with pre-existing skeletal elements or periosteum. We describe the gross and histological findings of a 4-year-old male Rottweiler that presented with an extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma (also known as osteosarcoma of the chondroblastic subtype) originating from the liver and extending into the lumen of the caudal vena cava, passing through the right atrium and terminating in the right ventricle of the heart immediately below the pulmonary valve. In the liver, predominantly fusiform cells grew in loosely packed streams and whorls. In the vena cava, the neoplasm was multilobular with polygonal neoplastic cells scattered within lacunae in a chondroid matrix. In the cardiac lumen, neoplastic cells produced osteoid that showed multifocal mineralization. Immunohistochemical staining showed no cytokeratin and variable S-100 protein and vimentin immunoreactivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a chondroblastic osteosarcoma arising in the liver and showing such extensive and unusual extension into the vasculature.
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PMID:Hepatic extraskeletal chondroblastic osteosarcoma with unusual angioinvasion of the caudal vena cava in a dog. 2128 51

Myossitis ossificans (MO) is an aberrant reparative process that causes benign heterotopic ossification in soft tissue. We report a case of MO presenting as a large mass located at the dorsal aspect of the distal thigh, with no history of trauma, with radiological and clinical features mimicking parosteal sarcoma. An incisional biopsy was performed and the mass was excised. The histological features identified the lesion as MO. In half of the cases, these ossifications may adhere to the periosteum. In these cases, the lesion is known as parosteal MO, which may be confused with a parosteal osteosarcoma. This parosteal MO seldom becomes malignant. We emphasize the importance of a differential diagnosis of MO, since these lesions may simulate tumours and lead to misdiagnosis.
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PMID:Myositis ossificans mimicking parosteal osteosarcoma: a case report and literature review. 2166 44

Reactive lesions of bone and soft tissue can appear alarming on histologic examination because they are often cellular and have atypical (activated) cytologic features, such as distinct nucleoli and mild hyperchromasia, and mitotic activity. Reactive lesions of bone and periosteum also produce bone and cartilage matrix, resulting in confusion with osteosarcoma or chondrosarcoma. Careful attention to key cytomorphological features such as the pattern of bone formation, uniform appearance of cells, and absence of atypical mitoses should help identify the reactive nature of a lesion. Correlation with clinical and radiological findings is also imperative to avoid misclassification of the tumor because reactive lesions often arise at sites where osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma are rare (e.g., the hand) and lack aggressive radiological features. In this review we discuss reactive lesions of bone that are commonly confused with malignant neoplasms and that the practicing pathologist is likely to encounter at some point. Several of these lesions have had characteristic chromosomal translocations documented in recent years, but continue to be included as reactive lesions based on their overall clinicopathological features.
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PMID:Reactive bone lesions mimicking neoplasms. 2167 81

A 50 years old male presented with ulcer and swelling in left leg for 2 years. X-ray showed soft tissue sarcoma and excision was done. A diagnosis of extraskeletal osteosarcoma was made. Extraskeletal osteosarcomas are rare malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. By definition, these are located in soft tissue without primary involvement of bone or periosteum. Since these tumours mimic other soft tissue tumours and tumour like conditions, radiology and histopathology along with tumour markers studies are important in diagnosis of this tumour.
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PMID:Extraskeletal osteosarcoma. 2177 34

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is a highly aggressive and rare malignant soft tissue tumor, characterized by the production of neoplastic osseous tissue without attachment to the bone or periosteum. It rarely involves the visceral organs. Only 3 cases of mesenteric EOS have been reported in English literature. Here, we describe a male patient of 40 years, who was diagnosed to have EOS arising from small bowel mesentery. This patient presented with lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy were normal. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a well defined multi-loculated mixed density mass lesion measuring about 13x7x7 cm in lower abdomen adjacent to small bowel loops with liver metastasis. Palliative en bloc resection of tumor with adjacent small bowel was performed. The histopathology revealed a telangiectatic type osteosarcoma of mesentery. Diagnosis of EOS, its management and the outcome in context of the current literature are discussed.
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PMID:Extraskeletal osteosarcoma, telangiectatic variant arising from the small bowel mesentery. 2189 62

The authors describe a case of orbital extraskeletal osteosarcoma. A 78-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis on long-term corticosteroids had a left medial canthal basal cell carcinoma excision followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Twelve months later, he re-presented with a large rapidly-growing calcified mass involving his left medial canthus and orbit. An incisional biopsy demonstrated an infiltrate of atypical cells exhibiting mitotic activity with a rosette arrangement around partially calcified necrotic tissue. The patient underwent orbital exenteration and a partial maxillectomy. Histopathology demonstrated an extraskeletal osteosarcoma. It is extremely rare for this tumor to occur in the orbit. Immunosuppression and adjuvant radiotherapy were possible predisposing factors in the development of this tumor. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a malignant tumour that produces osteoid. It develops in soft tissue without continuity to bone or periosteum. It is rare and comprises fewer than 5% of all osteosarcomas. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma primarily affects patients above 50 years of age and has a poor prognosis. In this report, we describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic records of a rare case of primary ESOS of the orbit.
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PMID:Primary orbital extraskeletal osteosarcoma. 2213 47


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