Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

After resection of the primary lesion, the right proximal tibia of a patient with osteosarcoma was reconstructed using a Dacron fabric-enveloped alumina ceramic total knee prosthesis without cement. Dacron fabric is intended to act as a scaffold upon which connective tissue can proliferate and form new ligament and other supporting soft tissues. Usually, following wide resection of the primary lesion, the supporting system is lost. If the supporting soft tissues are not reconstructed after removal of the tumor, they will be fixed in a slackened condition and will not provide sufficient support, leading to problems of stability and function. Using alumina ceramics alone does not induce surrounding connective tissue formation; therefore, stability is not ensured. The support of the vascular tissue enables the fabric to carry out the functions of ligaments, tendons, retinaculum, periosteum, joint capsule and other supporting soft tissues. Over time, stabilization occurs, biologic fixation of the prosthesis to the supporting soft tissues is successful and the durability of the prosthesis is prolonged. Postoperative follow-up has continued for a 77-month period. At present, the patient continues to show no evidence of disease and is able to walk painlessly up and down stairs without using a knee brace or handrail. A knee brace was recommended, however, to ensure the durability of the prosthesis. Dacron fabric is useful for the repair of supporting soft tissues without significant complications. Using this unique method, a stable, functional and aesthetically pleasing reconstruction can be accomplished.
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PMID:Dacron fabric-enveloped alumina ceramic prosthesis for cementless resection arthroplasty of the proximal tibia: a case report with a long-term result. 845 45

In human periosteum-derived osteoblastic cells (SaM-1) and human osteosarcoma-derived cells (SaOS-2, HOS, MG-63), the mRNA expressions of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP-R), substance P receptor (SP-R), neuropeptide Y receptor (NPY-R), beta-adrenergic receptors (beta1-R, beta2-R, beta3-R), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide type 1 and type 2 receptors (VIP-1R, VIP-2R) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide receptor (PACAP-R) were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). According to the magnitude of the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the relative state of commitment of these osteoblastic cell lines to the osteoblast lineage was SaM-1 > SaOS-2 > HOS > MG-63. CGRP-R, NPY-R, VIP-1R and beta2-R, but not SP-R, VIP-2R, PACAP-R, beta1-R and beta3-R, were expressed in osteoblasts as well as osteosarcoma cells. Expression of these receptors seems to be a common feature in osteoblastic cells, but the magnitude of expression was not dependent upon the relative state of commitment of the osteoblastic cells to the osteoblast lineage. In addition, VIP mRNA was not expressed in osteoblastic cells, suggesting the absence of an autocrine system of VIP in osteoblasts. These observations suggest that these neuropeptides and norepinephrine are involved in local regulation of human bone metabolism.
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PMID:Expression of mRNAs for neuropeptide receptors and beta-adrenergic receptors in human osteoblasts and human osteogenic sarcoma cells. 935 Aug 48

Osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes respectively, play important roles responsible for bone metabolism. These cells were cultured in vitro by many researchers, and considerably contributed to recent basic research on bone metabolism. Especially MC3T3E1-cells, cloned mouse osteoprogenitor cells, can perform bone formation-process in culture. Furthermore, several osteoblastic cell line including our SaM-1 cells were established from rodent calvaria, osteosarcoma, and human bone or periosteum. Also, osteoclasts are actually formed from human bone marrow cells, as well as rodent bone marrow cells, recently. It has become effective that the results obtained by using normal human cultured cells apply to human bone metabolism in vivo.
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PMID:[Establishment of cultured cells sustaining bone metabolism and their application for osteogenesis in vivo]. 964 63

Mature adult mice of the C57BL/6-TgN(Amy1TAg)501Knw transgenic mouse lineage, 501, containing a liver alpha-amylase promoted-SV40 Tag hybrid gene, routinely develop SV40 Tag-induced metastatic osteosarcomas. This form of alpha-amylase was known to be expressed in the liver, salivary glands, pancreas, and fat. Cells in the normal rib adjacent to the periosteum also express alpha-amylase suggesting that transgene expression is correctly targeted to generate osteosarcomas. 501 mice express SV40 Tag in the salivary glands but do not develop abnormalities in these organs by the time of their death from SV40-induced osteosarcomas. Mice of the C57BL/6 strain make a strong and effective anti-tumor immune response to SV40 Tag immunization. However, immunization of 501 mice with SV40 Tag early in life does not alter or prevent SV40 Tag-induced osteosarcomagenesis. 501 mice mount a significantly less effective cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response following SV40 Tag immunization while 501 osteosarcoma-derived cells are fully susceptible to SV40 Tag-specific T-cell lysis. This suggests that partial tolerance, not loss of antigen presentation by tumor cells, characterizes this mouse model of endogenous bone tumor development. To determine whether the immune recognition of endogenous SV40 Tag could influence tumorigenesis, the metastatic potential and time of death from tumor was investigated in CD4-null mutant 501 mice and beta-2 microglobulin-null mutant 501 mice. The size and number of metastases in these strains and longevity of these strains varied. We suggest that components of both the innate and adaptive immune response control tumor appearance and progression.
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PMID:Expression and immune recognition of SV40 Tag in transgenic mice that develop metastatic osteosarcomas. 1095 95

Reconstruction of the proximal humerus after resection for tumor and modification of the clavicular transposition procedure is described in which the blood supply of the clavicle is preserved and the clavicle is used to bridge the defect. An 11-year-old boy presented with shoulder pain, and the diagnosis was osteosarcoma of the right proximal humerus. After resection of the sarcomatous proximal humerus, the clavicle was released with its periosteum remaining intact, and the clavicle was rotated downward around the acromioclavicular joint. A vascularized fibula supplemented the reconstruction in trying to gain length of the arm. The acromioclavicular joint and the vascular supply of the clavicle were preserved. Internal fixation from the clavicle and the fibula to the distal humerus was made with an AO plate and screws. Muscles around the proximal humerus were reattached to the clavicle. Range of motion of the shoulder was 80 degrees flexion, 85 degrees abduction, 30 degrees external rotation, and 90 degrees internal rotation. Although the postoperative followup is relatively short, only 2 years, the functional advantages of this operation over other forms of reconstruction can be observed.
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PMID:Reconstruction of the proximal humerus with the clavicle after tumor resection: a case report. 1130 10

Microarray gene expression analysis was utilized to identify genes upregulated in primary rat calvaria cultures in response to mechanical force. One of the identified genes designated CMF608 appeared to be novel. The corresponding full-length cDNA was cloned and characterized in more details. It encodes a putative 2597 amino acid protein containing N-terminal signal peptide, six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), and 12 immunoglobulin-like repeats, 10 of which are clustered within the C-terminus. Expression of CMF608 is bone-specific and the main type of CMF608-positive cells is mesenchymal osteochondroprogenitors with fibroblast-like morphology. These cells reside in the perichondral fibrous ring of La Croix, periosteum, endosteum of normal bone as well as in the activated periosteum and early fibrous callus generated postfracture. Expression of CMF608 is notably absent from the regions of endochondral ossification. Mature bone cell types do not produce CMF608 with the exception of chondrocytes of the tangential layer of the articular cartilage, which are thought to be under constant mechanical loading. Ectopic expression of CMF608 in HEK293T cells shows that the protein is subjected to post-translational processing and its N-terminal approximately 90 kDa polypeptide can be found in the conditioned medium. Ectopic expression of either the full-length cDNA of CMF608 or of its N-terminal region in CMF608-negative ROS17/2.8 rat osteosarcoma cells results in transfected clones displaying increased proliferation rate and the characteristics of less-differentiated osteoblasts compared to the control cells. Our data indicate that CMF608 is a unique marker of early osteochondroprogenitor cells. We propose that it could be functionally involved in maintenance of the osteochondroprogenitor cells pool and its down-regulation precedes terminal differentiation.
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PMID:CMF608-a novel mechanical strain-induced bone-specific protein expressed in early osteochondroprogenitor cells. 1496 3

OST cells, a low metastatic cell line established from human osteosarcoma, were inoculated under the periosteum of the ossa cranii of nude mice. Four weeks later, tumors were percutaneously treated for an additional 4 weeks with a patch containing either placebo or ketoprofen (KP). In the placebo group, OST cells formed osteoid and invaded the cranial bone. Tumor mass weighed 3.54 g. Approximately 85% of cells within the tumor expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), indicating that they were proliferating with a high mitotic activity. Many feeder vessels were located within the tumor. The majority of tumor cells expressed intensely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the KP group, invasion of OST cells into the cranial bone was suppressed and the tumor mass was 47% of that of the placebo group. Approximately 65% of cells within the tumor were PCNA-negative, indicating that their growth was arrested. There were considerably fewer feeder vessels within the tumor in the KP group than in the placebo group. Only a small number of cells expressed VEGF. Based on these findings, we concluded that topical administration of KP to nude mice with osteosarcoma inhibited VEGF expression, reduced the development of feeder vessels for supply of nutrients and oxygen, and suppressed tumor growth.
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PMID:Effect of ketoprofen in topical formulation on vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor growth in nude mice with osteosarcoma. 1547 93

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor. We report an exceptional case located in the forearm. A 62-year-old woman consulted for a tumor of the right forearm which she had noticed for six months. Physical examination revealed a 10 x 12 cm tumor with an ulcerated center. MRI demonstrated a heterogeneous mass exhibiting no connection with the bone or subjacent periosteum. Wide surgical resection was performed. The pathology study of the operative specimen confirmed the diagnosis of soft tissue osteosarcoma. The patient was given postoperative chemotherapy and was free of local recurrence or metastasis eighteen months after surgery. We discuss the present case and review data reported in the literature.
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PMID:[Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the forearm: a case report]. 1550 70

Expression of melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) mRNA in developing rat limb buds, teeth, and skull bone first indicated a possible role for MC4R in bone metabolism. We therefore investigated whether MC4R mRNA was expressed in the rat osteosarcoma UMR106.06 cell line and in primary rat osteoblast cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Northern blot analysis, and ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) were used to demonstrate MC4R mRNA expression in UMR106.06 and primary osteoblast cells. MC4R mRNA was found to be localized to the periosteum of mouse bone using in situ hybridization. We also used RT-PCR and rat specific MC2R and MC5R oligonucleotides to amplify the correct size DNA fragments for these melanocortin receptors from rat primary osteoblasts. In conclusion, melanocortin receptor expression in mouse periosteum and rat osteoblasts suggests a direct role for POMC derived peptides in bone development and bone metabolism.
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PMID:Evidence for direct actions of melanocortin peptides on bone metabolism. 1597 63

A 13-year-old boy had complained of an asymptomatic swelling in the anterior maxilla for approximately 4 years. The patient reported no local trauma. The intra-oral examination revealed an exophytic lesion in the incisive papilla between the maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth. The radiographies detected no significant findings. Histopathologically, the lesion showed a dense fibrous tissue above the overlying mucosa. Bone ossification lay beneath a partially hypertrophic cartilage showing occasionally pleomorphic chondrocytes. Because of its microscopic aspects, heterotopic ossification may be mistaken for chondrosarcoma or other conditions involving periosteum, such as parosteal osteosarcoma. A case of heterotopic ossification in the anterior maxilla is presented, and clinicopathologic similarities with other osteochondromatous lesions are discussed.
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PMID:Heterotopic ossification in the anterior maxilla: a case report and review of the literature. 1723 76


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