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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Established lines of fibroblasts have been shown to adhere to collagen substrates via a serum-derived glycoprotein. The attachment of various other cells to collagen types I-IV is examined here. Cells such as human skin fibroblasts, periosteum, hepatocytes, connective tissue cells, and monocytes required the serum glycoprotein and adhered equally well to all collagens, but attachment of chondrocytes, epidermal cells, and neutrophils was inhibited by the serum glycoprotein. Attachment of 2 tumorigenic cells, an osteosarcoma and a fibrosarcoma, was found to be unaffected by the serum glycoprotein. In addition, the fibrosarcoma and epidermal cells attached preferentially to type IV (basement membrane) collagen.
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PMID:Connective tissue structure: cell binding to collagen. 35 71

Diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumors is based on a synopsis of X-ray findings, clinical symptoms, gross pathology and histology. Osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma and myelogenic sarcomas have a typical symptomatology and can be diagnosed in the radiograph by localisation, mode of extension, alterations of bone and periosteum.
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PMID:[Introduction to x-ray diagnosis of primary malignant bone tumor (author's transl)]. 79 May 26

Parosteal osteosarcoma is a low-grade malignant tumor arising from the periosteum. It involves mainly adults of third to sixth decades and the favorite site is the posterior aspect of distal femoral metaphysis. Microscopically, it is composed of woven to lamellar bone trabeculae within spindle cell stroma. We present a case of parosteal osteosarcoma that has very well-formed lamellar bone trabeculae and fat marrow under microscopic examination. Without the help of radiologic study, it is impossible to make the diagnosis of parosteal osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Parosteal osteosarcoma: a case report. 165 30

A femoral, diaphyseal tumor was found in a 17-year old male, and the diagnosis of periosteal osteosarcoma was made, based on the typical radiological and pathological findings. Microscopic observation on a resected specimen revealed that the tumor was covered with the intact periosteal fibrous layer and did not extend beyond the periosteum. The adjacent cortex was free of tumor. These findings indicated that the tumor originated from the periosteal cambium layer, which lies between the periosteal fibrous layer and the cortex. For transmission electron microscopic examination, the tissue was obtained at open biopsy. Ultrastructurally, no specific cell of periosteal osteosarcoma was found. Although most types of osteosarcoma cells were identified in the tumor (osteoblast-like, chondroblast-like, fibroblast-like, primitive mesenchymal-like, osteoclast-like and so on), the ultrastructural characteristics were of wide variety and of low malignancy.
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PMID:[Periosteal osteosarcoma of the femur: a pathological and ultrastructural study]. 176 3

Till now bone tumors are diagnosed radiologically. In this paper we describe the characteristic sonographic and colour Doppler sonographic features in 5 patients with histologically confirmed osteosarcoma. A large soft tissue tumor with echogenic osteosclerotic areas and echo-free caverns could be shown in all patients. Characteristic signs were destructions of the cortical layer and reactions of the periosteum. Compared to normal tissue an increased number of blood vessels with increased blood flow were visible by colour coded Doppler sonography in the region of the tumor. Sonography and colour coded Doppler sonography are important additions of conventional radiology to describe the structure, extension and blood supply of an osteosarcoma.
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PMID:[Sonographic and Doppler color sonographic findings in osteosarcoma]. 185 49

The authors reviewed 76 magnetic resonance (MR) images of 38 patients with osteosarcoma treated with preoperative chemotherapy (intraarterial cisplatin with or without systemic chemotherapy). Histologic maps of the surgical tumor specimens in 33 cases were correlated with either late-chemotherapy or postchemotherapy MR images. There were four MR patterns--dark, mottled or speckled, homogeneous, and cystic--that corresponded to different amounts of tumor matrix, granulation tissue, hemosiderin deposits, fluid-filled cysts, and residual viable tumor. Nested foci of residual viable tumor could not be specifically identified, although tumor progression or skip metastases were accurately depicted in four patients. Other findings included (a) peritumoral edema in the soft tissues and intramedullary space that shrank with chemotherapy, (b) chemotherapy effect in the surrounding soft tissues, (c) a dark rim around the extramedullary component of the tumors corresponding to a collagenous capsule continuous with the periosteum, (d) development of metaphyseal hemorrhages and bone marrow infarcts, and (e) intramedullary vascular channels.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma: MR imaging after preoperative chemotherapy. 229 60

The effect of local extent of the tumor on disease-free survival was studied in fifty-one patients who had an osteosarcoma, all of whom were treated according to the same protocol. Disease-free survival was defined as the interval between entry into the protocol and local recurrence, metastasis, or death (whichever occurred first). All patients had a Stage-IIB intramedullary osteosarcoma--that is, a high-grade malignant tumor (Stage II) with cortical penetration (B). The tumors were subdivided on the basis of the amount of local extension: E1--the tumor touches but does not elevate or penetrate the periosteum; E2--the tumor elevates but does not penetrate the periosteum; E3--the tumor penetrates into, but not through, the periosteum; E4--there is minimum extraperiosteal extension without invasion of another structure, such as a muscle, tendon, or ligament; E5--the tumor invades one additional structure (a muscle, ligament, or tendon); and E6--the tumor invades two or more structures adjacent to the bone. When the tumor had invaded two or more adjacent structures (E6), the instantaneous risk of failure was estimated to be 5.9 times greater than when the tumor had a lesser extent (E1 through E5). The relative prognostic importance of the amount of local extension, the size of the tumor, and the sex and age of the patient was compared with forward step-wise Cox multivariate analysis. Only the amount of local extension had a significant effect on disease-free survival. The estimated cumulative probabilities of disease-free survival at five years, according to the Kaplan-Meier method, were 49.1 +/- 8.5 per cent for patients who had a Stage-IIB tumor, 79.8 +/- 9.3 per cent for those who had a Stage-IIB but not E6 tumor, and 17.6 +/- 11.3 per cent for those who had a Stage-IIB E6 tumor. These data suggest that, with respect to prognosis, there are two distinct subgroups of Stage-IIB osteosarcomas that can be objectively defined by the amount of local extension.
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PMID:The effect of local extent of the tumor on prognosis in osteosarcoma. 204 8

Recently we have developed a model in vitro system for the study of factors regulating the histogenesis of osteosarcoma. In this system, Fujinami sarcoma virus (FSV) induces osteosarcomatous changes such as increased cell proliferation and altered patterns of bone and nonmineralized matrix (osteoid) formation. Such changes can be quantitated at the individual cell level, by computer-assisted morphometry. Here we report on the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on FSV-induced neoplastic transformation and osteogenesis in chick embryonic periosteum cultures, as reflected by a series of histopathological parameters. Most significantly, it was found that compared to 10(-9) M DEX treated cultures, in 10(-7) M DEX pretreated cultures, the bone/osteoid ratio was increased due to a relative increase in the area of bone and a decrease in the area of osteoid. The number of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells decreased significantly, while the proportion of alkaline phosphatase positive cells increased. Double-label immunohistochemistry (with anti-P140gag-fps) and histochemistry for alkaline phosphatase activity was performed, to demonstrate production of the oncogene-encoded protein, and osteoblastic differentiation, respectively. In an in vitro transformation assay single cells derived from 10(-9) M DEX treated cultures formed a significantly higher number of colonies than those obtained from 10(-7) M DEX pretreated cultures. Taken together, the data indicate that in the chick embryonic periosteum culture system, pretreatment with 10(-7) M DEX inhibits the ability of FSV to induce neoplastic transformation. This effect is probably the result of DEX-induced cell differentiation, prior to infection with FSV.
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PMID:Dexamethasone effects on induction of neoplastic transformation by Fujinami sarcoma virus in an in vitro chick embryo periosteal model for osteosarcoma. 284 66

A small amount of partially purified, water-soluble murine osteosarcoma-derived bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) was implanted into the dorsal muscles of mice in combination with calf skin gelatin or collagen as carriers. Changes in the ribs adjacent to the implants were then chronologically observed. On implantation of BMP with gelatin, the gelatin was rapidly absorbed and no ectopic bone formation was observed, but periosteal cellular proliferation with subsequent formation of periosteal cartilage and bone was seen in ribs adjacent to the implant. Implantation of the same amount of BMP fraction or gelatin alone as controls did not result in either any ectopic bone formation in situ or any periosteal bone formation in adjacent ribs. Implantation of BMP with collagen resulted consistently in both ectopic bone formation in situ and periosteal bone formation in adjacent ribs. These results suggest that BMP is diffusible in vivo and is capable of eliciting a response from periosteum to stimulate periosteal bone formation.
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PMID:Periosteal bone formation elicited by partially purified bone morphogenetic protein. 231 87

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone tumor of children and adolescents. The peak incidence of the disease is in the 15 to 19 year age group. The disease is more commonly seen in males than females. While several factors, including exposure to radiation, genetic disorders such as retinoblastoma, and high rate of bone growth, have been associated with osteosarcoma, in most cases no definite etiology can be established. Osteosarcoma usually originates in the metaphyseal region of long bones and extends through the cortex, causing varying degrees of bone destruction and expansion of periosteum. The radiographic appearance caused by this process is often referred to as "sun burst" sign. Positive diagnosis of osteosarcoma is made by histopathology. The histopathological classification of osteosarcoma can also predict the degree of aggressive behavior of this tumor and thus has prognostic significance. Surgery, including amputation or limb-salvage procedure, is the mainstay of treatment of osteosarcoma. It is now unequivocally established that adjuvant chemotherapy will prolong the survival of patients with this disease. Chemotherapy agents often used include platinum derivates, methotrexate, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, actinomycin D, bleomycin and DTIC. Depending on surgical decision, these agents can be used prior to or after the operation. Immediate fitting with prosthesis and provision of appropriate medical and psychological support in the care of these patients is essential.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma. 329 Aug 15


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