Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

57Co-bleomycin appears to be one of the best tumor detecting agents at the moment. The localization within the cells is not yet known. This preclinical investigation had the aim to study the subcellular distribution of 57Co-bleomycin in liver, spleen and tumors of rats and mice. Mice with transplanted lymphosarcoma and osteosarcoma were used and rats with transplanted rhabdomyosarcoma. The concentration of 57Co-bleomycin was 2 to 10 times higher in the tumors as compared to the (normal) liver. This accumulation property was not found with the control substance: 57CoCl2. The highest radioactivity of 57Co-bleomycin (cpm/mg protein) was observed in subcellular fractions containing mitocohndria and lysosomes. After treatment of these fractions with hypertonic solutions it could be shown that enzymes of the mitochondrial matrix remained inside the vesicles under conditions of almost complete release of 57Co-bleomycin. Half of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase was released too. From these experiments it is concluded that 57Co-bleomycin is preferentially localized in heavy secondary lysomes which are more fragile than the lighter lysosomes in the cells.
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PMID:Subcellular localization of 57Co-bleomycin in normal and tumor tissues. 7 96

Since the first promising results of Nouel et al. 1972, additional positive experience has been obtained with 57Co-Bleomycin (57Co-BLM) as a tumour-localizing agent. In this preclinical study, mice with transplanted osteosarcoma and lymphosarcoma were used and rats with transplanted rhabdomyosarcoma. 57CoCl2 served as a control substance. 57Co-BLM had concentrated in the tumours with a factor 2 to 10 as compared to the (normal) liver of the animals. No preferential concentration in the tumours was found when 57CoCl2 was used. The highest specific activity of 57Co-BLM (cpm/mg protein) was found in a fraction containing mitochondria and lysosomes. Evidence for a lysosomal localization of this diagnostic compound was obtained from experiments in which the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction was treated with hypertonic media of different osmolarities. Conditions could be found in which many lysosomes burst while almost all mitochondrial were intact. From these experiments it appeared that the radioactivity in the particles obtained from animals injected wtih 57Co-BLM was released very rapidly. It is concluded that 57Co-BLM is preferentially localized in the heavy lysosomes sedimenting together with most of the mitochondria of the cell and that these structures are more fragile than the light lysosomes.
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PMID:Intracellular distribution of 57Co-bleomycin. 7 27

Three-week-old to 12-month-old male Syrian hamsters were inoculated iv with 10(8.5) median tissue culture infective dose of simian virus 40 (SV40). Three-week-old hamsters were similarly inoculated with aliquots of SV40 of progressively decreasing titers. The tumor incidence and, to a lesser extent, the tumor latency were directly dependent on the age of the animals at the time of virus exposure and on the dose of the virus. However, this age-dose dependence was not of the magnitude usually observed in hamsters inoculated with SV40 sc or im. Moreover, the wide morphologic spectrum of neoplasms induced, i.e., lymphosarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, and osteogenic sarcoma, by iv route of inoculation, contrasted sharply with the anaplastic and spindle-cell sarcomas which were the only types of malignant tumors resulting when other routes were used.
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PMID:Effect of host age, virus dose, and route of inoculation on tumor incidence, latency, and morphology in Syrian hamsters inoculated intravenously with oncogenic DNA simian virus 40. 16 79

The complement-fixation-inhibition (CFI) test was evaluated as a means of detecting humoral antibodies in cat sera and in human sera to mammalian C-type RNA virus interspecies antigen(s). CFI antibody titers of greater than or equal 1:2 were detected in sera from all tumor bearing (23) and normal cats (23), however, sera from most germ free cats were negative. When the same cat sera were tested for blocking antibody by the paired radioiodine labeled antibody technique the correlation between the radioimmune assay and CFI tests was 85%. Sera from 378 cancer patients and 193 normal people were tested for antibodies to the mammalian oncornavirus interspecies-specific antigen in the CFI test. This test used a rabbit antiserum prepared toward a purified feline leukemia virus (FeLV) interspecies antigen. Disrupted Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) was used as source of interspecies antigen in the CFI test. A significantly (P=0.01) higher number of reactions occurred with sera from patients with lymphosarcoma (70.4%), osteosarcoma (41.0%), reticulum cell sarcoma (56.7%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (31.8%) as opposed to sera from normal individuals (6.2%). Of 51 sera from patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia 23.5% (P=0.05) were reactive. Of the sera from 88 breast cancer patients 22.7% reacted, as opposed to 7.8% of 116 normal females and 13.9% of 43 patients with benign breast disease. CFI antibody titers were shown to be dependent on RLV antigen concentration. Absorption with human A and B red blood cell (RBC) and Forssman antigen did not reduce the CFI titers in human sera whereas absorption with RLV reduced them significantly. By indirect radioimmunoelectrophoresis the antibody in selected human sera was shown to be an IgG.
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PMID:Complement-fixation-inhibition as a test for antibodies in cats and humans to C-type RNA tumor virus antigen. 16 19

The transformed cells that arise from among the hamster epithelial and mesenchymal cells exposed to SV40 in vitro are, as a rule, fibroblastoid and pleomorphic rather than epithelioid. Moreover, the neoplasms that these transformed cells induce in the allogeneic host are spindle cell sarcomas and pleomorphic sarcomas rather than carcinomas. Since this phenomenon may result from cellular dedifferentiation in culture, to the extent that the anaplastic morphology and lack of specialized function can no longer suggest the cell or origin, we investigated the fate of the differentiated state of cells of three types of SV40-induced hamster tumors before and after serial passage in vitro. The tumors evaluated were three reticulum cell sarcomas, three osteogenic sarcomas, and two lymphosarcomas of B-cell origin. Our data demonstrate that reticulum cell sarcoma cells lose their morphological differentiation soon after the original tumors are dissociated into cell suspensions but preserve their phagocytic activity throughout their in vitro passage. Osteogenic sarcoma cells lose their differentiated phenotype and their capacity to form osteoid during but not before their serial passage in culture. Lymphosarcoma cells preserve their lymphoid morphology and their ability to produce immunoglobulin even after many in vitro passages. These results indicate that, in many types of SV40-induced tumors, neoplastic cell dedifferentiation, following serial passage in culture, is responsible to a great extent for the emergence of new cell phenotypes lacking in morphological and functional features characteristic of the cells originally transformed by SV40.
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PMID:Loss or persistence of the differentiated state of simian virus 40-induced hamster tumor cells before and after serial passage in culture. 18 42

While structure-activity relationships for vinblastine (VLB), vincristine, deacetyl-VLB, and deacetyl-VLB amide (vindesine, VDS) in several tumor and leukemia models have been reported previously, the present study explores these relationships for a series of N-substituted vindesine analogues. These compounds were prepared from the reaction of deacetyl-VLB acid azide with the appropriate amines and were characterized by mass spectral analysis, 1H and 13C NMR spectra, electrometric titration, and infrared spectra. N-Alkylvindesines have reduced activity compared to that of VDS against the Gardner lymphosarcoma (GLS). N-beta-Hydroxyethyl-VDS surpasses vindesine in its activity against the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma and the GLS, whereas against the B16 melanoma it is less active than VDS. N-beta-(4-Hydroxyphenethyl)-VDS, envisaged as a substrate for the enzyme tryosinase, was shown to be more active than VDS against the B16 melanoma but has only marginal activity against the GLS. In terms of collective antitumor activity against the model systems used, vindesine emerges as the congener with optimum qualities. Bis(N-ethylidenevindesine) disulfide, the first example of a bridged bisvindesine and comparable to VDS in its antitumor profile, shows evidence of activity against a P388/VCR leukemia strain known to be resistant to maytansine as well as to vincristine.
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PMID:Structure-activity relationships of dimeric Catharanthus alkaloids. 2. Experimental antitumor activities of N-substituted deacetylvinblastine amide (vindesine) sulfates. 43 Apr 77

Except for oral administration, there was no grossly observed toxicity from carefully administered high doses of amygdalin in the experimental systems used. The compound in high doses was ineffective against the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma and the following transplanted experimental tumors: Sarcoma 180, plasma cell tumor LPC-1, leukemia L1210, Mecca lymphosarcoma, Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, sarcoma T241, mammary carcinoma E0771, Taper liver tumor, Ehrlich carcinoma (solid and ascites), and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Amygdalin did not noticeably influence the toxicity or impair the efficacy of these chemotherapeutic agents in their respective systems: Cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, cytoxan, or 5-fluorouracil in L1210; the latter two in LPC-1; 6-mercaptopurine in Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma; estradiol-17beta or 2alpha-methyldihydrotestosterone propionate in the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma.
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PMID:Antitumor tests of amygdalin in transplantable animal tumor systems. 64 16

Thirty-two children with solid tumors (lymphangioma, fibrosarcoma, hepatocarcinoma, osteogenic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, mesenchymoma, hepatoma, Ewing's sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin's disease, and brain tumors) were studied for alterations in coagulation by means of platelet counts, platelet aggregation, thrombelastogram, procoagulant and antigenic factor VIII, fibrin split products, and antithrombin III level. Results indicated hypercoagulability as shown by abnormally short thrombelastograms and elevated factor VIII levels and platelet counts in approximately one-half of the group. With the exception of increased fibrin split products in a third of the patients, little laboratory or clinical evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation was seen. Hypercoagulability, as noted in adult carcinoma patients, can also occur in childhood sarcoma patients.
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PMID:Hypercoagulability in childhood cancer. 120 73

Female ICR mice were injected intravenously with low activities of 239Pu (3.0 kBq, 6.0 kBq, 12.3 kBq/kg). In these mice with high spontaneous incidence of hemoblastoses the occurrence of myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, reticulum-cell sarcomas and osteosarcoma was studied. Hemoblastoses, on the whole, remained in their numbers radiation-independent, nevertheless, the distribution into specific types changed, with moderate prevalence of myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. After plutonium injection the mean survival time of mice bearing myeloid and lymphocytic neoplasias was significantly shorter than the survival of mice that died of retothelosarcoma and from other causes. These contamination-dependent differences could not be observed in matched controls. As expected, 239Pu activities used in this experiment induced osteosarcomas. Whereas in leukemogenesis alpha-radiation appeared as a factor promoting and modifying the leukemogenic process, in osteosarcoma the alpha-particles acted rather as an initiator, the effect of which was dependent on the dose to the endosteal progenitor cells.
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PMID:Hemoblastoses in mice contaminated with low activities of 239Pu. 227 84

The general principles of chemotherapy in oncology and the various types of antineoplastic drugs are discussed. Particular attention was paid to the results of chemotherapy in dogs and cats as reported in the literature. Chemotherapy is indicated in neoplastic disease characterised by early metastasis and/or local invasive growth. The results of chemotherapy in dogs and cats are so far moderate. Chemotherapy studies in the Netherlands are discussed: predictive in vitro, PEG-asparaginase studies in canine lymphosarcoma and regional perfusion in canine osteosarcoma.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy of tumors in dogs]. 328 98


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