Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigates the potential of in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to characterize musculoskeletal tumors and to determine preoperative levels of histological necrosis, which is an important clinical indicator of patient response. Pretherapy MRS was performed on 28 patients with large musculoskeletal tumors: 13 with osteosarcoma, 3 with chondrosarcoma, 5 with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 1 with desmoid tumor, 1 with Ewing's, 2 with hemangioendothelioma, 1 with myxoid liposarcoma, 1 with synovial cell sarcoma, and 1 with rhabdomyosarcoma. Fifteen patients had follow-up MRS examinations after commencement of chemotherapy (mean of five/patient), eight of whom have now had surgery. Elevated levels of PMEs (P < 0.01), P(i) (P < 0.01), and PDEs (P < 0.02) as well as elevated tumor pH (P < 0.05) were observed in all patients. The synovial cell sarcoma was characterized by high levels of PMEs (> 20%) and low pH (pH 6.76). This contrasted with the spectra obtained from the malignant fibrous histiocytomas which had high levels of PDEs (17 +/- 5%). Reductions in PDE levels postchemotherapy were associated with a high degree of necrosis (> 90%) at surgery, while an increase in PDE levels was associated with a low level of histological necrosis. Likewise, reductions in the ratios PDE/NTP and PDE/PCr and an increase in P(i)/PDE were also associated with a high level of necrosis.
 ...
PMID:Tissue characterization and assessment of preoperative chemotherapeutic response in musculoskeletal tumors by in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 146 Nov 10

Two murine monoclonal antibodies, 29-13 (IgG1) and 29-2 (IgG2a), generated against malignant fibrous histiocytoma plasma membranes immunoprecipitated a Mr 200,000 protein (p200), with an isoelectric point between 6.3 and 7.5. Two additional antibodies, 35-16 (IgG1) and 30-40 (IgG2a), generated against Ewing's sarcoma membranes, immunoprecipitated an acidic protein of Mr 160,000 (p160), with an isoelectric point between 5.8 and 6.7. Monoclonal antibodies 29-13 and 29-2 recognize a similar determinant(s) on p200 while 35-16 and 30-40 recognize different determinants on p160. Monoclonal antibody 29-13 exhibited significant binding to membranes isolated from fibrosarcoma and aggressive fibromatosis; moderate binding to osteosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma; and minimal to no binding to other soft tissue sarcoma plasma membranes. The p200 protein was not expressed in 16 other malignant tumors and in only 3 of 35 normal human tissue specimens. High levels of p200 were selectively expressed by leiomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and fibrosarcoma cells as well as neonatal fibroblasts in vitro, but not by other carcinoma cell lines or B-lymphoblasts. The p160 protein appeared to be selectively expressed by Ewing's sarcoma with little or no expression on other sarcomas, carcinomas, or normal tissues. However, the p160 antigen was expressed in Ewing's sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, melanoma, 4 of 9 carcinomas, and neonatal fibroblasts in vitro. The affinity of MoAbs 29-13, 29-2, 35-16, and 30-40 ranged from 5.3 x 10(8) to 4.7 x 10(9) M-1 for sarcoma membranes with approximately 5 x 10(4) binding sites/sarcoma cell.
 ...
PMID:Monoclonal antibody identification and characterization of two human sarcoma-associated antigens. 206 31

Tumors are rare causes of knee symptoms in children but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric knee pain in order to avoid errors in treatment that could result in loss of limb or even life. Experience with 199 bone and soft-tissue tumors about the knee in children are reviewed. The majority of lesions were benign bone tumors (n = 101), with osteocartilaginous exostoses, nonossifying fibromas, and chondroblastomas predominating. Malignant bone tumors (n = 59) were less frequent, and osteosarcoma (n = 48) was by far the most common sarcoma. Soft-tissue lesions (n = 31) were much less frequent and included rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and desmoid tumors. A careful history, physical examination, and review of roentgenograms are essential to avoid errors in diagnosis. Malignant tumors require roentgenograms and laboratory studies in sequence to stage the patient. A properly performed biopsy established the diagnosis in most instances. Popliteal cysts, stress fractures, infection, myositis ossificans, histiocytosis, and other lesions can mimic tumors and delay correct diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Tumors about the knee in children. 218 35

Esorubicin was administered to 12 patients with soft tissue sarcoma, 1 osteosarcoma and 1 desmoid tumor. Seven patients had never received chemotherapy before. Myelotoxicity was the main side effect, leukopenia being more pronounced than thrombocytopenia. No significant nonhematological toxicity occurred. Six patients had no change of median duration of 98 days and 7 patients progressed. The patient suffering from multiple-site lesions of a desmoid tumor obtained a long-lasting partial response. This study does not support further testing of esorubicin in sarcoma patients.
 ...
PMID:Phase II study of esorubicin in the treatment of patients with advanced sarcoma. 277 44

Solitary congenital or infantile (desmoid-type) fibromatosis is a benign, but potentially locally aggressive lesion that is best treated by wide local excision. It has been confused with congenital fibrosarcoma and other soft-tissue malignant tumors. To our knowledge, ossification has not been reported previously in this lesion. A case of ossifying solitary congenital fibromatosis is presented with a discussion of its differential diagnosis and histologic distinction from other soft-tissue lesions, including soft-tissue and parosteal osteosarcoma.
 ...
PMID:Infantile (desmoid type) fibromatosis with extensive ossification. 309 20

Two patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and indolent forms of soft-tissue sarcomas (extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma and desmoid tumor) are presented. The literature is reviewed regarding these tumors, which have not previously been recognized in association with IBD. Despite the well-established relationship between IBD and neoplasms of epithelial and lymphoreticular origin, there have been limited data in this context pertaining to mesenchymal tumors. Two preceding reports have described the coexistence of IBD with another form of soft tissue sarcoma (Kaposi's sarcoma). Given that this relationship has now been observed in four cases, the possibility that soft-tissue sarcoma and IBD do not coexist fortuitously must be considered. This suggestion is raised in light of the rare incidence of these disorders, the limited understanding of factors governing their expression, and the known association of IBD with other forms of neoplasia.
 ...
PMID:Association of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with indolent soft-tissue sarcomas: report of two cases and review of literature. 345 44

Surgery of soft tissue sarcomas in children has been modified by the introduction of multidisciplinary treatment so that major amputation and exenterations are now rare in the management of these tumors in children. Surgery must still be well planned for total removal of the tumor with preservation of limbs and, in most instances, the function of pelvic organs. The commonest soft tissue sarcomas in children are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), fibrosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Treatment of embryonal RMS can now achieve a 2-year survival of 80% at all sites. Surgery and irradiation are used to control the primary tumor and multidrug chemotherapy to control metastases or prevent dissemination of localized tumor. Fibrosarcoma in children, usually a low-grade, extra-abdominal desmoid lesion, does not respond to radiation treatment or chemotherapy, and management is by surgery alone. It shows a marked tendency to local recurrence, and multiple local resections may be necessary for cure. Ninety percent of the children with this tumor can be salvaged by surgery and careful follow-up. The management of synovial sarcoma is surgical and similar to that of RMS. Although not radiosensitive as is RMS, this tumor has responded well to multidisciplinary treatment. Adequate resection is now followed by a chemotherapy protocol similar to that used in osteogenic sarcoma. The smaller numbers of these tumors and their varied natural history make evaluation of treatment difficult. Other soft tissue sarcomas seen with extreme rarity in children are liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, and neurosarcoma. These tumors are treated with the same protocol as that of RMS.
 ...
PMID:Surgery of soft tissue sarcomas in children. 627 15

Sixteen cases of mandibular tumors or paramandibular soft tissue tumors with mandibular involvement are reported. These include such rare mandibular tumors or tumor-like conditions as melanotic progonoma, intraosseous haematoma secondary to von Willebrand's disease, post-irradiation osteosarcoma, monostotic eosinophilic granuloma, aneurysmal bone cyst and osseous hemangiopericytoma. Three cases of cherubism, one of fibrous dysplasia or aggressive fibromatosis and one of central giant cell reparative granuloma are also reported. The soft tissue tumors comprise round cell sarcoma, parotid adeno-carcinoma with generalised metastases, embryonal rhabdo-myo-sarcoma, neuro-fibro-sarcoma and congenital cystic hygroma. In all the cases the disease was well advanced when the patient presented for X-ray examination. The specific X-ray diagnosis of mandibular and paramandibular tumors in childhood is more difficult than that of similar tumors in other parts of the body.
 ...
PMID:Mandibular and para-mandibular tumors in children. Report of 16 cases. 627 31

High-dose radiation (in excess of 2500 rads or centiGray) to the head and neck area is reputedly infrequently associated with the emergence of thyroid nodular disease. Thirty-three patients who underwent high-dose radiation and who developed thyroid nodular disease have been described. Radiation was originally administered for hyperthyroidism in 11 patients, postmastectomy in five, oral cancer in three, Hodgkin's disease in three, facial hirsutism in three, hemangioma in three, cancer of the larynx in one, skin cancer in one, desmoid tumor of the neck in one, Ewing's tumor in one, and pituitary tumor in one. Treatment included radioiodine in 11, external radiation in 21, interstitial radiation in one, and combined radiation in one. Associated head and neck neoplasms included four parathyroid tumors, one osteogenic sarcoma of the maxilla, two basal cell cancers of the facial skin, and one parotid gland carcinoma. The study group consisted of five men and 26 women varying in age from 22 to 75 years, with a duration of latency of effect varying from 1.5 to 50 years. Thyroid disease consisted of 21 cancers, six adenomas, four colloid goiters, and two cases of thyroiditis resulting in four deaths caused by cancer, for a 20% mortality rate. Consideration of radiation beam behavior showed that isodose curve, penumbra effect, back scatter, and special field resulted in the thyroid gland receiving a low dose, namely under 2500 rads. Clinical factors such as an overlooked goiter, coincidental carcinoma, error in presumption of dose, and second primary malignancy were also considerations. True biologic radiation oncogenesis may have been seen in our radioiodine-treated group with hyperthyroidism as well as the group with Hodgkin's disease who underwent mantle irradiation. It is apparent that for whatever reason and by whatever means and by whatever mechanism, high-dose radiation to the head and neck area can result in significant thyroid disease, and patients undergoing such radiation should be followed with this in mind and considered for thyroid feeding on a prophylactic basis.
 ...
PMID:High-dose radiation and the emergence of thyroid nodular disease. 650 71

There has been a continuous acceleration of medical/scientific inquiry and of actual improvements in management of patients with neoplasms of the mesenchymal tissues over the last four decades. The number of publications in this field has increased from 1140 in 1970 and then to 1700 in 1990. Important advances discussed over this period include: establishment of sarcoma teams in major oncology centers; staging systems for both soft tissue and osseous sarcomas; demonstration of genetic determinants in the development of, at least, some of the sarcomas; the revolutionary change in quality of diagnostic imaging by the introduction of CT and MRI; use of immunohistochemistry in diagnostic pathology; the drastic gains in survival of patients with osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma due to the efficacy of multi-drug and multi-cycle chemotherapy protocols; major advances in surgical techniques which have made limb salvage practical; cell lines derived from human sarcomas have been shown to have in vitro radiation sensitivity comparable to that of cell lines from epithelial tumors; the combination of conservative surgery and moderate doses of radiation yields local control and survival results equivalent to that of radical surgery with a much improved functional and cosmetic outcome; intra-operative electron beam radiation therapy improves the outcome of patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas when given after grossly complete resection combined with external beam radiation therapy (pre- or postoperatively); radiation is a highly effective alternative to extensive surgery for desmoid tumors; local control of giant cell tumors by modern radiation techniques is approximately 80% and the incidence of radiation induced tumors at 10 years is approximately 3%; to decrease the incidence of radiation induced sarcoma, resection has replaced radiation in the management of selected patients with primary Ewing's sarcoma when the response to chemotherapy has been excellent and the morbidity/functional decrement consequent upon the surgery judged reasonable; proton beam radiation therapy has been accepted as being superior to conventional external beam radiation therapy for chondrosarcoma and chordoma of the skull base; and attempts to utilize brachytherapy for sarcomas of the spine/sacrum appear to offer promise. Projected advances in the coming two decades includes:Designation of sarcoma type on genetic characterization; molecular genetics will provide prognostic information as to probability of distant metastasis, response to chemotherapeutic agents and radiation; important further reductions in the radiation treatment volume due to the many technical developments entering, or soon to enter the clinic; non-invasive assessment of the response to chemotherapy; much increased appreciation of the late sequella of treatment, both radiation and chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:Regaud Lecture, Granada 1994. Tumors of the connective and supporting tissues. 759 17


1 2 3 4 Next >>