Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Current therapy for children with cancer includes a variety of invasive procedures many of which require repeated venous access over a considerable period of time. Such procedures are poorly tolerated by children and by their veins. Recently it has become possible to undertake the majority of such procedures by means of permanent indwelling silastic catheters improving the quality of life of the children and their parents and increasing the scope of therapeutic intervention. In the period July '83 - August '84 we have used 46 of these catheters in 45 children with malignant disease, 12 with acute myeloid leukaemia, 12 with neuroblastoma, 7 with B cell leukaemia-lymphoma, 6 with rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 with Ewing's Sarcoma, 2 with Wilms' tumor and 1 case each of Hodgkin's disease, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma and juvenile chronic myeloid leukaemia. The children's ages ranged from 2 months to 14 years; 22 were male and 23 female. The catheters were inserted under general anaesthesia (duration 20-40 minutes) usually without difficulty, except for a single patient in whom no suitable vein could be found. No complications connected with the placement of the catheter were observed. Subsequent management of the catheter was initially complicated and time-consuming, but was subsequently simplified so that acceptance by parents, children and nursing staff was eventually excellent. The duration of use of 46 catheters ranges from 7 to 350+ days; 24 catheters are presently in use at 30-350+ days from insertion. Eight children died as a result of disease progression and two of sepsis with the catheter in place.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Advantages of a permanent venous access in children treated for cancer. Preliminary results]. 383 38

Diaziquone (AZQ), a new lipid-soluble antitumor agent, was given by 15-30-minute infusion on a daily X 5 schedule to 47 children with refractory solid tumors and leukemia. The starting daily dose of 6 mg/m2 was escalated to 10 and 35 mg/m2 in patients with solid tumors and leukemia, respectively. In patients with solid tumors, myelosuppression was dose-limiting at a daily dose of 10 mg/m2. In patients with leukemia, prolonged pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia were observed at daily doses greater than or equal to 25 mg/m2. At these higher doses, significant hyperbilirubinemia associated with sepsis was also seen. Corresponding increases of transaminases or alkaline phosphatase and significant hemolysis were not noted. The maximum tolerated dose for this daily dose schedule was 9 mg/m2 in children with solid tumors and 25 mg/m2 in children with relapsed leukemia. Responses to AZQ included stabilization of disease in osteosarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, pinealoma, and ependymoma. A patient with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast crisis converted back to the chronic phase. A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a substantial decrease in cerebrospinal fluid blast count. Bone marrow aplasia was achieved in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia; however, remissions were not achieved. A phase II study of AZQ in children with refractory malignancies is now being performed by the Childrens Cancer Study Group.
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PMID:Phase I clinical evaluation of diaziquone in childhood cancer. 385 80

A case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull with metastases to the lungs, left diaphragm, 2nd lumbar and 1st sacral vertebral bodies, and both femoral heads was presented. A young man with a lump over his right parieto-occipital region since the age of 14 had noticed rapid growth of the mass after having experienced definite head trauma. The tumor was surgically removed and the bony defect was repaired with a stainless stell plate. The recurrence of the tumor mass was suppressed by 60Co irradiation, but a necrotic lesion developed over the right temporal scalp. Twenty-two months after the surgical removal of the tumor, the patient died of respiratory failure and septicemia.
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PMID:Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the skull: case report. 694

In an ongoing trial at our institute 10 patients of high grade osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities have been treated with preoperative chemotherapy including ifosfamide 2 mg/M2/day i.v. for 5 days, doxorubicin 20 mg/M2/day i.v. for 3 days and cisplatinum 120 mg/M2 i.v. on day 1 at 3-4 weeks interval for 2 courses followed by surgery. One patient refused surgery and further treatment. Pathological study of the 9 surgical specimens showed grade IV necrosis in 5, grade III necrosis in 2 and grade I & II necrosis in 2. Overall response rate (Grade III & IV) was 87.5%. The patients showing Grade III/IV response received a further 3 cycles of the same chemotherapy postoperatively. The patient who refused surgery is still alive at 30 months. Our followup ranges from 4-34 months. All patients developed myelosuppression and one patient died after 4th course of chemotherapy due to septicemia. We expect grade IV response to preoperative chemotherapy will be translated into longer disease free survival. Protocols followed in western countries are not practicable in Asian countries. Hence this new combination has been developed without compromising response rate.
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PMID:Cost effective treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the extremities. 913 62

Chemokines contribute to the inflammatory response by selective attraction of various leukocytic cell types. Human GCP-2 was originally identified by amino acid sequence analysis as a CXC chemokine co-produced with IL-8 by osteosarcoma cells. Furthermore, the complete coding domain of human GCP-2 was disclosed by means of RT-PCR. Similarly, mouse GCP-2 was isolated from fibroblastoid and epithelial cells and completely identified by sequence analysis. Human and mouse GCP-2 share 61% identical amino acids. Both chemokines occur as multiple NH2-terminally truncated forms. The shorter forms of mouse, but not those of human, GCP-2 showed a higher neutrophil chemotactic potency and gelatinase B releasing capacity. Mouse GCP-2 was a more potent neutrophil activator than human GCP-2, natural mouse KC, and MIP-2. Human GCP-2 was not chemotactic for monocytes, lymphocytes, or eosinophils. Quantitative studies of mRNA expression in diploid fibroblasts revealed GCP-2 induction by IL-1beta. Human GCP-2 induced [Ca2+]i increase in neutrophils, which was reciprocally desensitized by IL-8, GROalpha, and ENA-78. Human GCP-2 induced [Ca2+]i increases and chemotactic responses in both CXCR1- and CXCR2-transfected cells. Finally, GCP-2 provoked neutrophil accumulation and plasma extravasation in rabbit skin. In humans, GCP-2 complements the activity of IL-8 as neutrophil chemoattractant and activator but it constitutes a major neutrophil chemokine in the mouse. GCP-2 induces neutrophil chemotaxis and activation but it might also contribute to detrimental tissue damage in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute hypersensitivity reactions, and autoimmune diseases. It might also influence the invasive capacity of GCP-2-secreting tumor cells.
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PMID:Granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 and related CXC chemokines: from gene regulation to receptor usage. 936 9

The incidence of documented infections after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells transplantation (PBPCT) was retrospectively evaluated in 86 consecutive patients (47 males 39 females; median age 36 years, range, 18-63) treated in our institution; 83 patients had refractory hematological malignancies (40 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 19 Hodgkin's disease, 17 multiple myeloma, 7 acute myeloblastic leukemia) and 3 had solid tumors (1 rabdomyosarcoma, 1 neuroblastoma, 1 osteosarcoma). All patients developed fever after transplantation lasting a median of 2 days (range 1-17); 20 instances of documented sepsis developed in 17 patients (19.7%). Gram positive microorganisms were implicated in all but 4 cases. There were no fatalities directly due to infections and no correlation was found between the risk of infection and reaching PMN > 0, 1 x 10(9)/L, PMN > 0.5 x 10(9)/L. In addition no specific risk factors related to age, disease, conditioning regimen, use of central venous catheter (CVC), type of transplant, and isolation measures were identified.
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PMID:Incidence of sepsis after peripheral blood progenitor cells transplantation: analysis of 86 consecutive hemato oncological patients. 966 90

From 1987 to 1995, 22 children with refractory solid tumors entered a phase II study of high-dose thiotepa (HDT) (900 mg/m2) followed by stem cell transplantation (SCT) in the Pediatrics Department of the Institut Gustave Roussy. Tumor types were rhabdomyosarcoma (eight), osteosarcoma (seven), neuroblastoma (three), Ewing's sarcoma (three) and Burkitt's lymphoma (one). Before HDT, all had been extensively treated with conventional chemotherapy, surgical resection of the primary tumor (13/22) and of metastases (6/22), and radiotherapy of the primary tumor in three patients. All had measurable disease, at the site of the primary tumor (3 patients), of the metastases (9 patients) or both (10 patients). Toxicity from the HDT was severe but acceptable. No toxicity-related death occurred. The median duration of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was 18 days (5-37) and 30 days (7-377), respectively. Septicemia was documented in four patients. Severe diarrhea was observed in seven patients. Mild hepatic toxicity occurred 18 times. No CR and 11/22 PR were documented: osteosarcoma 4/7, rhabdomyosarcoma 4/8, Ewing's sarcoma 2/3; 1/1 Burkitt's lymphoma progressed. We conclude that at a dose of 900 mg/m2 followed by SCT support in these heavily pretreated children, the main toxicity induced by thiotepa was digestive. The response rate observed, especially in sarcoma, is particularly encouraging. Thiotepa should be further evaluated in HDC regimens either in combination with other alkylating agents or in rapidly cycled courses of HDC with SCT.
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PMID:Phase II study of high-dose thiotepa and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children with solid tumors. 975 39

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common juvenile malignant tumors in Korea. Combined modality treatment (pre-operative chemotherapy + limb salvage surgery + adjuvant therapy) improved the patients' overall survival and quality of life. We evaluated the efficacy and feasibility of pre-operative chemotherapy with intra-arterial (IA) cisplatin plus continuous intravenous infusion (CI) of adriamycin. We assessed the rate of limb salvage, recurrence pattern and the survival impact based on the histologic response of pre-operative chemotherapy. Fourty-one patients with histologically-proven high grade osteosarcoma of the extremities were enrolled from January 1990 to June 1995. Pre-operative chemotherapy, cisplatin 120 mg/m2 IA and adriamycin 75 mg/m2/72 h CI was administered every 3 weeks for 3 cycles, followed by limb salvage surgery if possible or by amputation. According to the histologic tumor response, if the tumor necrosis was >90%, the same regimen was administered for 3 cycles as an adjuvant therapy. A salvage regimen (Ifosfamide 7.5 gm/m2/5 d IV + high dose MTX 10 gm/m2 IV+VP-16 360 mg/m2/3 d IV) was administered every 3 weeks for 6 cycles if the tumor necrosis was <90%. Of 41 patients, 37 patients were evaluable for efficacy and toxicities, because 4 patients refused chemotherapy after 1 or 2 cycles. Twenty-one patients were male and 16 were female with median age of 16 years (range 8-41). The tumor locations were: distal femur 20, proximal tibia 8, humerus 6, distal tibia 2 and 1 in proximal femur. All but one patient, who died of neutropenic sepsis, completed the planned pre-operative therapy. Of the 36 patients who received surgery, limb salvage surgery was possible in 30 patients (83.3%) and 27 patients (75%) showed a good response (grade III 10; 27.8%, grade IV 17; 47.2%). With a median follow-up of 23 months, 3-year disease-free survival rate was 54.7% and overall survival rate was 78.3%. Of the 15 patients who recurred, the major metastatic site was the lung. No operation-related mortality was observed. Most patients experienced grade III-IV nausea, vomiting and hematologic toxicities, which were reversible with supportive cares. Pre-operative chemotherapy with IA DDP+CI ADR followed by surgery showed 75% histologic tumor response rate, 83% limb salvage rate and 54.7% 3-year disease-free survival rate with tolerable side effects. To improve the survival rate, the possible role of good salvage chemotherapy with a non-cross resistance regimen in poor responders should be evaluated.
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PMID:Combined pre-operative chemotherapy with intra-arterial cisplatin and continuous intravenous adriamycin for high grade osteosarcoma. 1020 5

We reviewed the results of 19 patients with hemipelvic allograft reconstructions after periacetabular tumor resection at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1977 to 1996. Histological diagnosis showed chondrosarcoma (in 7 patients), osteosarcoma in 5, and other tumors in 7. Seventeen patients were continuously disease-free for 12-228 months (mean, 57 months). One patient died of sepsis caused by wound infection after surgery for local recurrence. Results of evaluation (by the Mankin scale) in the 19 patients were: excellent in 1, good in 6, fair in 5, and failure in 7. Of the 19 patients, 5 (28%) had wound infection, and 3 patients had local recurrence. Allograft fracture was observed in 1 patient. Allograft and bipolar prosthesis were used in 11 patients, and migration of the bipolar prosthesis was observed in 4 of these patients. In 7 patients the femoral head was preserved; 2 patients received total hip arthroplasty because of osteoarthrosis in the hip joint or collapsed allograft. Migration of the bipolar prosthesis, with eventual osteoathrosis in the hip joint was also observed. However, hemipelvic allograft was thought to be an alternative useful reconstruction method despite the unresolved problems of loosening, dislocation, and breakage of the custom-made prosthetic hemipelvis.
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PMID:Hemipelvic allograft reconstruction after periacetabular bone tumor resection. 1098 57

Paclitaxel (Taxol) was administered to 25 dogs with histologically confirmed malignant tumors at a dosage of 165 mg/m2 i.v. over 3-6 hours every 3 weeks. Dogs received premedication with antihistimines and corticosteroids to reduce hypersensitivity reactions. However, 64% of the dogs still experienced allergic reactions. Six dogs (24%) had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 6 dogs (24%) required hospitalization and 3 dogs (12%) died of sepsis. Five dogs (20%) had a partial response (osteosarcoma [2 dogs] mammary carcinoma [2 dogs] and malignant histiocytosis [1 dog]) for a median duration of 53 days. The overall toxicity was unacceptable at the 165 mg/m2 dose. Therefore, subsequent evaluations of paclitaxel in tumor-bearing dogs should a starting dose of 132 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks.
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PMID:Efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel (Taxol) for the treatment of canine malignant tumors. 1505 74


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