Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Bulk disease is a problem in all the major paediatric sarcomas. It is the pre-eminent problem in parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma but only a recently recognised problem in limb osteogenic sarcoma (only since the advent of limb-conserving surgery). In all cases where a large bulk of sarcoma threatens to relapse locally, multimodality therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) stands a better chance of sterilisation than individual modalities of therapy, and such multimodality therapy stands its best chance when it is used early, that is, all three modalities are used at the beginning or shortly after commencement of the treatment course.
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PMID:Bulk disease as the major problem in the cure of paediatric sarcomas. 249 92

A phase-II study of ifosfamide with mesna, given intravenously daily for five days by bolus injection, has demonstrated the activity of ifosfamide against a spectrum of childhood malignant solid tumors. Ifosfamide presently is being investigated in alternative phase-I schedules, daily times three or every other day times three with the aim of delivering comparable amounts of ifosfamide without increasing toxicity--specifically, neurotoxicity. Additionally, response following ifosfamide treatment is being evaluated for previously untreated children with osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma after 6 weeks of treatment, and for previously untreated patients with Ewing's sarcoma after 9 weeks of treatment with ifosfamide/VP-16 (etoposide) given in combination.
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PMID:Clinical studies of ifosfamide/mesna at St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 1983-1988. 249 67

A total of 22 patients with different solid tumours refractory to previous chemotherapy were treated between May 1985 and December 1986 (osteosarcoma, 7; Wilms' tumour, 6; rhabdomyosarcoma, 2; Ewing's sarcoma, 2; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, 2; retinoblastoma, 1; cavum lymphoepithelioma, 1; dyktioma, 1). Patients were aged between 3 and 20 years (mean, 10.6 years). There was a 3.4:1 male-to-female ratio. The treatment consisted of ifosfamide given i.v. as a single agent at a dose of 3,000 mg/m2 over 1 h on days 1 and 2. Mesna was given as a uroprotector at 600 mg/m2 every 4 h, up to a total of 13 doses. The courses were repeated every 3 weeks. Every patient except those with osteosarcoma had previously received cyclophosphamide. There were 3 (13.6%) complete responses (CRs) in 2 osteosarcomas and 1 abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lasting 12, 8 and 2 months, respectively; 4 (18.2%) partial responses (PRs) in 2 Wilms' tumours, 1 Ewing's sarcoma and 1 abdominal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; 4 absences of remission (ARs); and 11 (50%) cases of progressive disease (PD). In all, 81 courses were given, and the toxicities found were leukopenia (less than 2,000 leukocytes) in 15 courses, thrombocytopenia in 3, microhaematuria in 7, neurotoxicity in 8, fever in 8 and hypertension in 2. The overall response rate (31.8%) was encouraging and the toxicity, acceptable and reversible. These results demonstrate that ifosfamide should be considered for introduction into phase III protocols for the treatment of solid malignancies in children.
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PMID:Phase II study of ifosfamide as a single drug for relapsed paediatric patients. 250 55

The pharmacokinetics of alkylating activity were studied in 17 children treated i.v. with ifosfamide (IF) at 3 g/m2 as a 1-h infusion for 2 consecutive days every 3 weeks, with mesna as a uroprotector. Two patients were treated for a newly diagnosed rhabdomyosarcoma according to the current SIOP (International Society of Pediatric Oncology) protocol. The other 15 patients were treated in a phase II study and presented with one of the following malignancies in relapse: neuroblastoma (7), osteosarcoma (3), soft tissue sarcoma (2), Wilms' tumor (1), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (1), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1). Plasma alkylating activity levels determined by using 4(4'-nitro-benzyl)-pyridine showed considerable inter-individual and intercyclic variations and decreased biphasically, with mean alpha and beta half-lives of 60 min and 6-7 h, respectively. Probably as a result of liver mixed-function oxidase induction, on the 2nd day of treatment the terminal half-lives were shorter, the plasma exposures were lower, and the mean plasma clearances were higher. Renal excretion was almost complete after 24 h, accounting for a mean of 19% of the injected dose. The CSF alkylating activity levels, obtained in four children, were always lower than the plasma levels and ranged from 8 to 51 micrograms/ml, with a mean CSF/plasma ratio of 0.53 +/- 0.23 during the first 12 h. We conclude that IF alkylating activity was biphasically cleared from the plasma, with significant interindividual and intercyclic variability, that the renal contribution to the clearance was low, and that high levels of CSF alkylating activity could possibly contribute to the CNS toxic side effects observed in pediatric patients treated with high-dose IF/mesna.
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PMID:Alkylating activity in serum, urine, and CSF following high-dose ifosfamide in children. 250 56

Ifosfamide/mesna was given to 97 patients who had malignant solid tumors diagnosed before they were 21 years of age. Patients received 1.6 g/m2 ifosfamide daily x 5, given i.v. over 15 min, followed by 400 mg/m2 i.v. mesna at 15 min and 4 and 6 h after ifosfamide. Responses were noted in patients with osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma and other soft-tissue sarcomas, rhabdoid tumor, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, primitive neuroectodermal tumor, retinoblastoma, germ-cell tumors, and B-cell lymphoma. Toxicity included mild to moderate nausea and vomiting, transient, reversible myelosuppression, transient elevations of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine and liver enzymes, infections, and self-limiting neurotoxicity characterized by changes in mental status, motor dysfunction, cranial nerve palsy, cerebellar dysfunction, and seizures. Neurotoxic symptoms were generally seen in patients who had previously received cisplatin. Ifosfamide is an important alkylating agent that should be combined with other agents in phase II and III trials. Alternate dose schedules should also be investigated.
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PMID:Ifosfamide in pediatric malignant solid tumors. 250 57

Non phylloides sarcomas of the breast are infrequent malignant tumors that can be identified only at histologic examination since clinical presentation may not differ from the more frequent phylloides type. In addition to fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, angiosarcoma and liposarcoma, the stromal sarcoma of the breast has been recently identified. We report 3 such cases with heterologous components of osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and liposarcoma. A third case with an anti-sarcoma appearing post radiotherapy for breast carcinoma is also reported.
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PMID:[Unusual sarcomas of the breast. Report of 3 cases]. 251 99

We treated 14 patients with high grade sarcomas by angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy. The chemotherapy protocol described by Rosen was selected according to histological classification of sarcomas (small cell sarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma). The level of angiotensin-induced hypertension was one and half times as high as blood pressure at rest. Induced hypertension was maintained for 30-60 minutes. In three cases of 5 primary osteosarcomas, induced hypertension resulted in the increase of tumor stain and/or vascularity angiographically, and chemotherapeutic effects were CR or PR. The six cases with soft-tissue sarcomas were 2 cases each of CR, PR, and NC. The decrease of relative tumor blood flow under the condition of angiotensin II-induced hypertension was detected in 5 cases of 6 soft-tissue sarcomas by 133Xe clearance method. In the case of rhabdomyosarcoma, the decrease of tumor stain and vascularity by induced hypertension was observed on angiogram. As the side effects accompanying induced hypertension, nausea and chest oppression were noted in 2 cases, respectively. In this study it was suggested that angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy was effective for osteosarcoma, but that it might be ineffective for soft-tissue sarcomas.
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PMID:[Angiotensin II-induced hypertension chemotherapy of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas]. 254 22

The case records of and histopathologic findings in 57 dogs with nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous splenic sarcomas were reviewed. Splenic neoplasms in these dogs included leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, liposarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and fibrous histiocytoma. The clinical signs associated with splenic sarcoma included anorexia or decreased appetite, abdominal distention, polydipsia, lethargy, vomiting, weight loss, and weakness. An abdominal mass was detected in 86% of the dogs by use of abdominal palpation (63%), and/or abdominal radiography (74%). The diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in the spleen. Abdominal exploratory surgery was performed on 43 of the 57 dogs. Twenty-seven dogs were treated by splenectomy, and 16 were euthanatized at the time of surgery because of widespread metastatic lesions. Of the 14 dogs on which surgery was not performed, 11 were euthanatized on the basis of results of preoperative diagnostic tests, and the remaining 3 dogs had splenic neoplasms that were incidental findings at necropsy. Of the 27 surgically treated dogs, 5 died in the immediate postoperative period, 12 died or were euthanatized within 1 year after splenectomy, and only 5 dogs survived greater than or equal to 1 year. Three dogs were lost to follow-up evaluation, and 2 were still alive 6 and 7 months after surgery. The median survival time of the 22 dogs for which survival was known was 2.5 months. The median survival time for 11 dogs with no obvious metastasis at the time of splenectomy was 9 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Nonangiogenic and nonlymphomatous sarcomas of the canine spleen: 57 cases (1975-1987). 255 65

531 cases of malignant neoplasms and potentially malignant hyperplasia in children and adolescents diagnosed in the Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child between 1978/79 and 1983 are presented. Only patients treated in this hospital were included into the study. The most common diagnoses were neuroblastoma (68 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (62 cases), nephroblastoma (56 cases), osteogenic sarcoma (47 cases), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (41 cases). Besides neoplasms most typical for childhood and adolescence the rare less typical cases were also seen.
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PMID:[Malignant neoplasms and potentially malignant hyperplasia in children and adolescents from material at the Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child during 1978/79-1983]. 263 66

Oral rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) was studied by analysis of eight such cases which presented over a 25-year period. Rhabdomyosarcoma was the fourth most common oral sarcoma (7.5%) from this period after osteosarcoma (32%), fibrosarcoma (19%), and chondrosarcoma (9%). In patients younger than 20 years, RMS was the second most common sarcoma (six cases) after osteosarcoma (ten cases). Combined analysis with 113 further cases documented in the literature showed the majority of cases (71.2%) were embryonal. The alveolar subtype was considered a distant second in frequency (12.3%) even though the pleomorphic subtype was apparently more common (16.4%). However, the pleomorphic cases were diagnosed before histologic criteria were established to discern this entity from other pleomorphic sarcomas and this data is probably unreliable. Site predilections were found for the soft palate, maxillary sinus and alveolus, posterior mandibular region, cheek and lip and possibly tongue. The gingiva and floor of mouth were uncommon sites. There was a predilection for occurrence in the first two decades with a decline in the third decade. Documentation of recent cases treated with a multidisciplinary approach indicated that lesions in the oral soft tissues have a good prognosis; 17 of 21 such cases showed no evidence of disease after a mean follow-up period of 7.2 years (SD = 4.4). In contrast, four of five cases in the posterior mandible resulted in death after a mean period of 1.1 years (SD = 0.3).
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PMID:Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral and paraoral region. 264 20


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