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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Undiluted, fivefold-diluted, and 25-fold-diluted doses of a stock of Moloney murine sarcoma virus were injected directly, in a volume of 0.025 ml, into the backs of fetal Sprague-Dawley rats by laparotomy through the uterine wall at 18 days of gestation. During the first 8 weeks after birth the young responded to the virus with remarkably high but dose-dependent incidences of neoplasms. When a one-fifth dilution of the virus preparation was inoculated at fetal ages 16, 18, and 20 days, the incidences of lesions decreased with advancing fetal age. The tumors developed preferentially at the virus inoculation site and/or in the proximal parts of the extremeties; all were considered to be of mesenchymal derivation, i.e., malignant mesenchymoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma or fibromyxosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, plasmacytoma, and a giant cell tumor. This injection procedure provided us with a valuable experimental tool for the rapid screening or testing of potential chemical carcinogens and other biologic studies.
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PMID:Enhancement of tumor induction in rats with Moloney murine sarcoma virus by a "new" method based on direct injection into fetuses. 26 91

Cytomorphologic signs of malignant histiocytosis of the bones are described in detail, that have not been reported in the Soviet literature before. Cytologic signs that permit a differential diagnosis between this condition and plasmacytoma and osteogenic sarcoma are presented.
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PMID:[Cytomorphology of malignant histiocytosis of the bones]. 171 Jul 6

Results of examination and treatment of 24 patients with primary neoplasms of the sternum including chondrosarcoma (18 cases), solitary plasmacytoma (5) and osteogenic sarcoma (1) were analysed. The diagnosis was based mainly on X-ray procedures and was further improved by computed tomography which allowed to precisely evaluate the extent of intrathoracic mass and its relation to adjacent mediastinal structures. Surgery was the main procedure used for the treatment of primary tumors of the sternum. Sixteen patients were operated on, and not a single case showed involvement of the mediastinum. Closure of defect was the major difficulty involved in the surgical treatment. Adequate resection of the sternum followed by autoplasty yielded good results.
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PMID:[The diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant tumors of the sternum]. 221 33

Murine plasmacytoma MOPC 104E-K181 is a tissue culture cell line of MOPC 104E derived from BALB/c mice. MOPC 104E-K181 implanted subcutaneously in syngeneic normal mice regresses spontaneously after an initial growth of about 10 mm. Mice that regressed tumors or mice immunized intraperitoneally with mitomycin C-treated MOPC 104E-K181 myeloma could reject subsequent challenge of viable K181 myeloma cells. In contrast to euthymic mice, T-cell-deficient athymic nude mice developed subcutaneous tumors after challenge and died from progressive tumor growth, suggesting the critical role of T cells in tumor regression. In vitro induction of cytotoxic cells was used to define the immunologic mechanism by which the host can suppress tumor growth. Spleen cells from immune mice did not show cytolytic activity in 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, but showed inhibitory action of tumor proliferation in vitro at an effector cell to target cell ratio of 500:1 in a [3H]thymidine incorporation assay. To determine if cytotoxicity could be induced against MOPC 104E-K181 cells, in vitro sensitizing cultures were studied. We have demonstrated that normal BALB/c spleen cells became cytotoxic against MOPC 104E-K181 cells after 5 days cultivation with mitomycin C-treated stimulator cells at an optimal responder to stimulator cell ratio of 5:1. Treatment of anti-Thy-1.2 serum plus complement abolished cytotoxic activity of effector cells. Cytotoxic cells lysed not only MOPC 104E-K181 cells used for stimulation but also H-2k osteosarcoma cells. It was concluded that Thy-1.2-positive cytotoxic cells with nonspecific anomalous reactivity could be induced in murine plasmacytoma-stimulating cultures.
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PMID:Immunoregulation of murine plasmacytoma. I. Generation of anomalous killer cells in vitro by cocultivation with MOPC 104E. 256 19

Sinonasal neoplasms and neoplasm-like proliferations composed of light microscopically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, small- to medium-sized cells cause considerable diagnostic confusion. Lesions in this category include lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma), olfactory neuroblastoma, small-cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, pituitary adenoma, lymphoid hyperplasia, malignant lymphoma, plasmacytoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Many of these lesions can be definitively diagnosed based on light microscopic features alone, but, in some instances, additional techniques such as immunohistochemistry are of value. The authors review the pertinent clinicopathologic features of the above lesions, with emphasis on light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of particular utility in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:"Undifferentiated" neoplasms of the sinonasal region: differential diagnosis based on clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features. 269 5

This study confirms our earlier finding that human interleukin (IL)-1 beta exerts an antiviral effect on diploid fibroblasts and on MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. It also extends the observation in that a similar effect was noted on aged but not freshly trypsinized HEp-2 cells, and that not only IL-1 beta but also IL-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha exerted similar antiviral effects on cells. The antiviral effects of these cytokines were neutralized by addition to the assay system of an antibody that was specific for interferon (IFN)-beta 1, indicating that IFN-beta 1 or a structurally or functionally related substance is involved in the antiviral activity observed. Both IL-1 and TNF were able to induce production of the 26-kDa protein, also known as IFN-beta 2, hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF) or B-cell stimulatory factor-2 (BSF-2) and previously proposed as an alternative to IFN-beta 1 for mediating the antiviral effect of TNF. However, no good correlation was found between the antiviral effects of TNF and its potential to induce production of the 26-kDa protein. Furthermore, the anti-IFN-beta 1 serum which neutralized the antiviral activity of IL-1 and TNF did not cross-react with the 26-kDa protein. Conversely, the antiviral effect of IL-1 and TNF was only weakly neutralized by an antibody that did react with the 26-kDa protein and showed low cross-reactivity with IFN-beta 1. These observations, together with the low specific activity of the 26-kDa protein as an antiviral agent (less than 10(5) U/mg protein) provide strong arguments against this protein and in favor of IFN-beta 1 (or still another IFN-beta 1-related molecule) as the ultimate mediator of the antiviral effect of IL-1 and TNF.
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PMID:The role of interferon-beta 1 and the 26-kDa protein (interferon-beta 2) as mediators of the antiviral effect of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. 330 7

A factor that promotes the growth of certain B cell hybridomas and of plasmacytomas is shown to be produced by normal human fibroblasts and by a line of human osteosarcoma cells (MG-63) after treatment with IL-1 or TNF. The hybridoma-plasmacytoma growth factor (HPGF) is identified with a 26 kD protein whose mRNA was previously shown to be induced in the same cells by the same inducers. First, poly(A)-rich RNA extracted from IL-1-treated cells could be enriched in HPGF-mRNA content by hybridization to 26 kD cDNA. Second, MG-63-derived HPGF purified to electrophoretic homogeneity was subjected to amino acid sequence analysis, whereby the NH2-terminal sequence was found to match the nucleotide sequence of a 26 kD cDNA clone.
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PMID:Identification of the human 26-kD protein, interferon beta 2 (IFN-beta 2), as a B cell hybridoma/plasmacytoma growth factor induced by interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. 349 22

The bone scan features of different types of sacral tumors in 16 patients were assessed. Four out of five patients with chordoma, the most common sacral tumor, demonstrated either reduced uptake or normal distribution of isotope at the site of this midline tumor. Plasmacytoma, which is not usually central, also caused reduced uptake on the bone scan. Ewing's sarcoma gave no consistent pattern. All other tumors caused increased uptake except for one unusual case of osteogenic sarcoma. Bone scintigraphy can be very useful in the assessment of sacral tumors. A midline sacral tumor that is cold on the bone scan is very likely to be a chordoma.
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PMID:Scintigraphic features of primary sacral tumors. 371 78

The carcinogenicity of asbestos (amosite and chrysotile) and zeolite (fibrous erionite, mordenite, and synthetic zeolite 4A) were studied in the peritoneum of 586 BALB/C male mice after a single intraperitoneal or intraabdominal wall injection. As controls, 182 mice treated with and without saline solution were used. Both asbestos types and fibrous erionite frequently produced malignant peritoneal tumors after long latency; tumors developed in 93 of 394 animals (23.6%) treated with asbestos or fibrous erionite 7 months or more after administration. All of the induced peritoneal tumors were intimately associated with marked peritoneal fibrosis, in which asbestos or erionite fibers were regularly detected. Histopathologically, 83 (73 fibrous, 9 biphasic, and 1 epithelial) of 93 were consistent with malignant mesotheliomas. Other tumors consisted of 6 plasmacytomas, 1 histiocytoma, 1 liposarcoma, 1 osteosarcoma, and 1 adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Two of the cases of mesotheliomas were associated with plasmacytoma. In many instances, the primary site of the mesotheliomas seemed to be multiple, the favorite sites being the omentum, mesentery, serosae of the gastrointestinal and genital organs, the diaphragm, the capsule of the liver and spleen, and the abdominal wall peritoneum. In these cases, asbestos or erionite-tissue burden followed by fibrosis was frequently observed. In addition to the 93 peritoneal tumors, 3 extraperitoneal tumors (1 fibrosarcoma and 2 rhabdomyosarcomas) were induced by amosite which was probably accidentally injected into the extraperitoneal connective tissue and the striated muscle tissue of the abdominal wall, respectively. These three tumors were also intimately associated with focal fibrosis in which amosite fibers were detected. Among the three different types of zeolite, only fibrous erionite showed striking carcinogenicity and marked fibrogenicity. The erionite-induced mesotheliomas were similar to those induced by asbestos in exhibiting long latency, in gross appearance, in histology, and in close association with fibrosis. Long-term persistence of asbestos or fibrous erionite around progenitor cells of the induced tumors and the consequent fibrosis seemed to be an important precondition of the malignant transformation of the progenitor cells.
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PMID:Malignant mesothelioma induced by asbestos and zeolite in the mouse peritoneal cavity. 609 48

The value of new morphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors is demonstrated in a number of cases. In round cell malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and anaplastic plasmacytoma) diagnostic accuracy can be improved by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. New methods are also of value in differentiating the metastatic carcinoma from malignant bone primaries. Electron microscopy may show epithelial cell features (ie, gland structures, desmosomes, and tonofilaments), while immunohistologic investigation of the cytoskeleton may facilitate differentiation of epithelial cells (positive for prekeratin) from mesenchymal cells (positive for vimentin). In the differential diagnosis of typical bone tumors, however, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the value of enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods appears somewhat restricted: alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased in both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma; collagen type II, the cartilage-specific collagen, is found not only in chondrosarcoma but in osteosarcoma as well. Moreover, osteosarcomas may contain a considerable number of macrophages and histiocytes, and so this feature is worthless in distinguishing osteosarcoma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A new approach for appraising the malignancy of bone tumors may be through flow cytometric investigation of nuclear DNA content. Osteosarcomas reveal DNA aneuploidies in more than 80% of cases, with a large proportion of cells in the S phase. These features may prove valuable for discerning osteosarcoma from myositis ossificans. In contrast to typical giant cell tumor of bone, a rare case of malignant giant cell tumor showed aneuploid cell lines indicating the malignant nature of the tumor.
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PMID:New cytomorphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors: possibilities and limitations. 660 Jan 11


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