Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Most radiation-induced osteosarcomas of the skull are reported to arise in the facial bone or paranasal sinus after radiotherapy for retinoblastoma and/or pituitary adenoma. Here we report two cases of radiation-induced osteosarcoma in the paranasal sinus after treatment for frontal glioma. Case 1 was a 56-year-old woman who underwent surgical resection of a left frontal tumor in October 1990. The histological diagnosis was a low-grade glioma, and radiotherapy of 54 Gy was administered. Sixteen years later, in September 2006, the patient noted an enlarging subcutaneous mass in the right frontal region. CT showed an osteolytic mass in the right frontal sinus. An open biopsy established the histopathological diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and the patient subsequently died of rapid tumor regrowth. Case 2 was a 58-year-old man who underwent partial removal of a bifrontal tumor in May 1996. The histological diagnosis was anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, and radiotherapy of 56 Gy was administered. Twelve years later, in March 2008, the patient was readmitted to our hospital for reasons of marked deterioration in general physical condition. Tumor recurrence was suspected in the left frontal lobe, and CT demonstrated an osteolytic mass in the left frontal and ethmoid sinus. A secondary operation was performed, and the pathological specimens were diagnosed as osteosarcoma. Radiotherapy was readministered, but the subject died of rapid tumor regrowth. From these clinicopathological findings, both cases were diagnosed as radiation-induced osteosarcoma. Radiation-induced osteosarcomas appeared 16 and 12 years after radiotherapy in cases 1 and 2, respectively. As the prognosis of radiation-induced osteosarcoma is poorer than that of primary osteo-sarcoma, careful attention is required for consideration of the long-term survival of patients with glioma.
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PMID:Radiation-induced osteosarcomas after treatment for frontal gliomas: a report of two cases. 2104 12

An 11-year-old neutered male Alaskan Malamute mixed-breed dog was presented with a complaint of polyuria/polydipsia (PU/PD), weight loss, tachypnea, regurgitation, and a previous history of nontreated osteosarcoma of the right distal radius, diagnosed 21 months prior. On physical examination, an abdominal mass was palpated. The abdominal mass was aspirated and cytologically diagnosed as a neuroendocrine tumor, suspected to be a pheochromocytoma. Laboratory examination revealed a mild anemia and thrombocytopenia, markedly elevated ATP and ALP activities, and moderate hypercalcemia. A low-dose dexamethasone suppression test and endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration were compatible with pituitary hyperadrenocorticism. On urinalysis, proteinuria was noted as well as a high urine metanephrine/creatinine ratio, consistent with a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. The dog was treated with supportive care and euthanized 6 months later due to decreasing quality of life. On necropsy, an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma (paraganglioma) was diagnosed in the caudal abdomen, and a pituitary adenoma and an osteosarcoma of the right distal radius were confirmed.
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PMID:Paraganglioma, pituitary adenoma, and osteosarcoma in a dog. 2742 77

One of the most challenging diagnostic categories within tumors of the sinonasal tract is the small round blue cell tumors. Biopsies are usually small and limited, resulting in considerable diagnostic difficulty for practicing surgical pathologists. These tumors share several overlapping histologic and immunophenotypic findings while also showing considerable variation within and between cases. Specific tumor site of origin, imaging findings, and clinical findings must be combined with the histology and pertinent ancillary studies if the correct diagnosis is to be reached. Discrimination between neoplasms is critical as there are significant differences in therapy and overall outcome. It is important to have a well developed differential diagnosis for this category of tumors, where each of the diagnoses is considered, evaluated, and either confirmed or excluded from further consideration. In an undifferentiated tumor, showing a small round blue cell morphology, using the mnemonic 'MR SLEEP' helps to highlight tumors to consider: melanoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (including NUT carcinoma), small cell osteosarcoma, lymphoma, esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma), Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pituitary adenoma, and plasmacytoma. A panel of pertinent immunohistochemistry studies, histochemistries and/or molecular tests should aid in reaching a diagnosis, especially when taking the pattern and intensity of reactions into consideration.
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PMID:Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: a differential diagnosis approach. 2806 Mar 73

A 63-year-old man presented with sexual dysfunction of 6-year duration, 5-year history of bilateral vision loss, and left nasal obstruction for 3 years. Brain computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass lesion in the saddle area and extending upward to the dorsum sellae, bilateral cavernous sinus, and suprasellar region, and down into the sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity; the optic nerves and optic chiasm were elevated upward and compressed. Endocrine tests indicated that all serum level of anterior pituitary hormones decreased. The preoperative diagnosis included invasive pituitary adenoma, chordoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and craniopharyngioma. The tumour was subtotally removed through transsphenoidal approach. Histopathology examination revealed a chondroma. Postoperatively, the patient was stable and his visual acuity and visual field defect improved and his pituitary function return to normal except for hypothyroidism.
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PMID:Giant Chondroma of the Saddle Area: Case Report and Literature Review. 2816 92


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