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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

For many years, research into human cancer has concentrated on human patients and on artificially induced neoplasms in inbred murine hosts. Cancer, however, affects a great variety of mammals, particularly those that have been domesticated. Suchf naturally occurring neoplasms are common in dogs, cats, cattle, horses, etc., and offer fertile ground for studies relating to epidemiologyf, etiology, immunobiology, and therapy. Canine osteosarcoma is described in detail. The clinicopathologic features of this canine tumor closely approximate that of human osteosarcoma and thus make canine osteosarcoma an invaluable comparative model. Canine osteosarcoma and other naturally occurring tumors lie intermediate between the mouse models and human cancer. The use of these veterinary models in the future fabric of cancer research will broaden its base and will influence our conceptual approach to research and clinical options.
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PMID:The use of naturally occurring cancer in domestic animals for research into human cancer: general considerations and a review of canine skeletal osteosarcoma. 11 62

The carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been under evaluation in nonhuman primates for the past 13 years. A total of 47 Old World monkeys, chiefly rhesus and cynomolgus, have received AFB1 i.p. (0.125 to 0.25 mg/kg) and/or p.o. (0.1 to 0.8 mg/kg) for 2 months or longer, and 12 are currently alive and without evidence of tumor. Thirteen of the 35 monkeys necropsied to date (37%) developed one or more malignant neoplasms, yielding an overall tumor incidence of 28%. Five of the neoplasms were primary liver tumors (2 hepatocellular carcinomas and 3 hemangioendothelial sarcomas), and 2 cases of osteogenic sarcoma were found. Other tumors diagnosed were 6 carcinomas of the gall bladder or bile duct, 3 tumors of the pancreas or its ducts, and one papillary Grade I carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The tumors developed in animals receiving an average total AFB1 dose of 709 mg (range, 99 to 1354 mg) for an average of 114 months (range, 47 to 147 months). Fifteen of the 22 necropsied monkeys (68%) without tumor showed histological evidence of liver damage, including toxic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hyperplastic liver nodules. These animals had received an average total AFB1 dose of 363 mg (range, 0.35 to 1368 mg) for an average of 55 months (range, 2 to 141 months). Our results indicate that AFB1 is a potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen in nonhuman primates and further support the hypothesis that humans exposed to this substance may be at risk of developing cancer.
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PMID:Induction of osteogenic sarcomas and tumors of the hepatobiliary system in nonhuman primates with aflatoxin B1. 11 76

Sixty-one patients with osteosarcoma were treated. Twenty-four of these patients were managed with our systematic multi-modal treatment. Overall survival rate was markedly improved chiefly by intensive systemic chemotherapy with multiple drugs, especially adriamycin and high dose methotrexate. Preoperative regional intra-arterial infusion of anti-tumor drugs and fast neutron radiotherapy were employed and it was suggested that fast neutron had a higher relative biological effectiveness and a greater therapeutic gain factor as compared with X-rays. Fast neutron radiotherapy can play a significant role in the very systematic treatment of osteosarcoma and is specifically useful for preservation of the affected limbs.
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PMID:Systematic multi-modal treatment of osteosarcoma, with special reference to the role of fast neutron radiotherapy. 11 50

The 5-year cumulative survival rate was measured in 28 cases of osteosarcoma treated with high dose radiation since 1969 is 48.8% in our clinic. It can be said that high dose radiotherapy has a significant survival effect compared to early amputation therapy for the patient with osteosarcoma. The difference of the prognosis between both therapies may be related to immunological reactions. In order to obtain further information on this possibility, experimental studies on mice suffering from tumors have been performed. Results revealed that spleen cell migration inhibition reaction, as a specific immunity, became negative and anti-tumor properties were eliminated as a results of the amputation of the limb bearing the tumor. Also, when BCG as well as irradiated tumor cells were administered to tumor-afflicted mice, an improved rate of survival among the mice was observed. As a result of the study of patients with osteosarcoma that has been treated with high dose radiation related to changes in their immunity, it was disclosed that there was a marked tendency to diminution in peripheral blood lymphocytes or T cells in cases with poorer prognoses. In cases of long survival, both showed high values. Lymphoblastgenesis by PHA and PWM showed higher values in cases with better prognoses than in those with poor prognoses. Furthermore, in many of the cases in which the tuberculin skin reaction became negative, a short survival period was noted.
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PMID:[Immunologic studies concerned with high dose radiotherapy for osteosarcoma (author's transl)]. 11 20

Until the present time, only four cases of parosteal osteogenic sarcoma arising from the bones of the hand have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to document two new cases of parosteal osteogenic sarcoma of the hand. These tumours were localized in the proximal phalanx of the ring finger in one case and in the third metacarpal bone, in the other case. Both patients were treated by amputation of the involved metacarpo-digital ray and radiation therapy. They were free of the disease six years and eighteen months, respectively, after treatment.
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PMID:[Juxtacortical osteogenic sarcoma localized in the hand. Presentation of 2 cases]. 12 72

Most cases of primary malignant tumors of bone occur in children and adolescents. There are several types to be classified according to clinical and radiological findings and histologic diagnosis Ewing's sarcoma and osteogenic sarcoma; chondrosarcoma, malignant tumor of cartilage, is also classified in this group of tumors. Incidence, age-and-sex-distribution clinical presentation, and diagnostic procedures are reported for the different types of tumors, with special reference to primary localization in the skull. Different therapeutic modalities are discussed. Cure rates in these highly malignant tumors are still low, but evidently improving.
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PMID:[Primary sarcomas of the skull in children (author's transl)]. 12 53

The authors have treated two hydatic cysts, three plasmocytomas, one chondrosarcoma, one osteogenic sarcoma and four metastasis at the level of the spine. The surgical procedures may be either palliative or curative. In metastatic lesions, posterior decompression was associated with internal fixation for prevention or improvement of neurological signs, providing more comfort during the patient's survival. Curative procedures were achieved a two-stages excision of the vertebra by anterior and posterior approachs, grafting and fixation using Harrington's rods. Surgery was followed by chemotherapy and roentgentherapy it should be started before onset on neurological troubles. Early results were gratifying flaccid paraplegia excluded.
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PMID:[Surgical technics in tumors of the spine]. 13 20

A case of endobronchial carcinosarcoma is reported in which a small area of epidermoid carcinoma at the base of the partly necrotic, polypoid part of the tumor was found, and where the pulmonary invasive part consisted of osteosarcoma. To our knowledge such a case has not been published before. In the literature 23 cases of endobronchial carcinosarcoma were found. All but one of those alive at the time of diagnosis were considered operable. The first year survival rate of the reviewed and the reported cases was 36% of all or 42% of the resected cases. The figures for bronchial carcinoma are 33% or 62% of the resected cases. The pre- and post-operative mortality for endobronchial carcinosarcoma was 23%. Because follow-up was too short, the 5 year survival rate cannot be estimated. Features common to pulmonary sarcoma and pseudosarcoma of the upper respiratory tract are also discussed.
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PMID:Endobronchial carcinosarcoma. A case with osteosarcoma of pulmonary invasive part, and a review with respect to prognosis. 14 May 9

Eighty one patients (59 females, 22 males) with advanced solid tumors were treated with Adriamycin in doses of 40 mg/m2 body surgace daily, in two days cycles, with resting periods of 3 weeks. Overall response rate was 46% (37/81). In breast cancer response rate was 56% (13/23) and in ovarian cancer 48% (13/27). In various other tumors remission was observed in soft tissue sarcomas (3/8), thyroid cancer (1/7), osteogenic sarcoma (1/4), oesophageal cancer (2/4), lung cancer (2/4), bladder cancer (1/2) and hepatoma (1/2). In breast cancer patients, 2-7 month remission duration was observed (M equal to 4.5 month) and in ovarian cancer 1.5-5 month (M equal to 3.2 month). Adriamycin was also applied intrapleurally in 31 patients with malignant pleural effusions with a low response rate (26%). This modified schedule of Adriamycin administration showed a high antitumor activity in breast and ovarian cancer and in soft tissue sarcomas. Squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus was also sensitive to Adriamycin therapy. The very low rate of myelosuppression and oral ulceration showed the decreased toxicity of this Adriamycin administration schedule.
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PMID:Modified administration schedule of adriamycin in solid tumors. 14 May 42

The early detection of metastatic spread in sixteen patients with osteosarcoma has been studied over a twelve month period, comparing the techniques of bone scanning and radiography. In only two patients were we able to demonstrate changes suggestive of pulmonary metastases any earlier with a 99mTc-EHDP scan than with chest radiographs and one of these resolved spontaneously. However, the bone scan did accurately delineate the extent of the primary tumour and may, therefore, be helpful in deciding the level of the amputation and the response of the patient to treatment, particularly now that chemotherapy and immunotherapy are frequently used in the management of the disease.
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PMID:The use of 99mc-EHDP as a scanning agent in the detection of metastases from osteosarcoma. 14 18


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