Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Any medical diagnosis should take a multimodal approach, especially those involving tumour-like conditions, as entities that mimic neoplasms have overlapping features and may present detrimental outcomes if they are underdiagnosed. These case reports present diagnostic pitfalls resulting from overdependence on a single diagnostic parameter for three musculoskeletal neoplasm mimics: brown tumour (BT) that was mistaken for giant cell tumour (GCT), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis mistaken for osteosarcoma and a pseudoaneurysm mistaken for a soft tissue sarcoma. Literature reviews revealed five reports of BT simulating GCT, four reports of osteomyelitis mimicking osteosarcoma and five reports of a pseudoaneurysm imitating a soft tissue sarcoma. Our findings highlight the therapeutic dilemmas that arise with musculoskeletal mimics, as well as the importance of thorough investigation to distinguish mimickers from true neoplasms.
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PMID:Avoiding diagnostic pitfalls in mimics of neoplasia: the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach. 2603 28

Proliferative periostitis is a rare form of osteomyelitis that is characterized by new bone formation with periosteal reaction common causes of proliferative periostitis are dental caries, periodontitis, cysts, and trauma. While proliferative periostitis typically presents as a localized lesion, in this study, we describe an extensive form of proliferative periostitis involving the whole mandibular ramus and condyle. Because the radiographic findings were similar to osteogenic sarcoma, an accurate differential diagnosis was important for proper treatment.
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PMID:Proliferative periostitis of the mandibular ramus and condyle: a case report. 2633 79

Hip disorders in a pediatric population are a diagnostic challenge. The aim of the study is to assess the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of non-traumatic hip disorders in a series of Egyptian patients and to review the literature on the most common hip conditions. Seventy two consecutive patients [40 males (55.6%) and 32 females (44.4)] with acute onset of hip complaints unrelated to trauma or falls were recruited. All patients underwent an initial full clinical assessment and blood tests as well as contrast enhanced MRI of both hips. The most common diagnosis in this group of Egyptian patients was transient synovitis in 29 (40.3%) cases, followed by seronegative enthesopathy and arthropathy syndrome in 8 (11.1%), septic arthritis in 10 (13.9%), tuberculous arthritis in 4 (5.6%), sickle-cell disease in 7 (9.7%), complicated with septic arthritis in 3 (4.2%), transient bone marrow edema (BME) in 3 (4.2%), osteomyelitis in 2 (2.8%), osteosarcoma in 2 (2.8%), sciatic nerve injury in 1 (1.4%), leukemia with BME in 1 (1.4%), coxa vara of both hips and L5/S1 facet joint ankylosis in 1 (1.4%), and a benign bone cyst in 1 (1.4%). MRI studies showed hip effusion in a total of 51 patients (70.8%), joint space narrowing in 9 (12.5%), and BME in 15(20.8%). MRI is a sensitive tool for assessing hip disorders in a pediatric population and can play an important role in both diagnosis and management of different hip disorders, irrespective of the underlying pathology.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging features of hip disorders in an Egyptian pediatric population. 2649 65

A 7-year-old Labrador Retriever female dog presenting left forelimb lameness for one day was admitted to the Veterinary Hospital (UNESP-Botucatu) for clinical evaluation. Several tests, including blood and image analysis, microbiological culture and cytology of lytic areas of affected bone were made in order to establish a diagnosis. Serum biochemical profile revealed increased levels of liver enzymes, plasma globulin, creatine kinase (CK) and calcium. Hemogram revealed anemia and leukocytosis; left humerus image analysis revealed an osteolytic lesion and cytology revealed a suppurative periostitis. Differential diagnosis was a nonspecific infectious inflammatory process or osteosarcoma. Since it was not possible to achieve a definitive diagnosis and there was a highly suspicious for an infectious agent, an agarose cell block of the bone marrow fine-needle aspiration was made. The cytological examination of cell block presented similar findings as described previously. However, additional stains including periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) were positive for fungal hyphae, which rendered a diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus spp. This case report illustrates an uncommon cause of osteomyelitis for breed that was diagnosed by an underused method in veterinary medicine.
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PMID:Agarose cell block technique as a complementary method in the diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis in a dog. 2662 86

This article presents the use of bone cytology for diagnosis of bone tumors. It discusses critical factors and considerations of fine-needle aspiration and bone cytology and presents diagnostic options and differential diagnosis for benign and malignant bone lesions. Osteomyelitis, chrondroblastoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, chondromyxoid fibromas, enchondromas, giant cell tumor of bone, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and variants, Ewing sarcoma, chordoma, plasmacytoma, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and metastatic bone disease are presented.
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PMID:Bone Cytology: A Realistic Approach for Clinical Use. 2683 16

Cytology of bone is a useful diagnostic tool. Aspiration of lytic or proliferative lesions can assist with the diagnosis of inflammatory or neoplastic processes. Bacterial, fungal, and protozoal organisms can result in significant osteomyelitis, and these organisms can be identified on cytology. Neoplasms of bone including primary bone tumors such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, synovial cell sarcoma, and histiocytic sarcoma and tumors of bone marrow including plasma cell neoplasia and lymphoma and metastatic neoplasia can result in significant bone lysis or proliferation and can be diagnosed effectively with cytology.
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PMID:Cytology of Bone. 2753 Oct 40

This paper describes 3 patients of off-label use of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in the reconstruction of mandibular continuity defects. In the first patient, rhBMP-2 was associated with iliac crest bone graft for late mandibular reconstruction after resection of osteosarcoma. In the 2 other patients, rhBMP-2 was used alone. In 1 patient the mandibular continuity defect was due to resection for treatment of osteomyelitis and in the other patient a continuity defect was created by unsuccessful osteogenic distraction for correction of mandibular hypoplasia. Despite the good results in those patients, the off-label use of rhBMP-2 is associated with increased rate of complications, so more studies are needed to assess the predictability of the use of rhBMP-2 in mandibular continuity defects. Therefore, at the moment the off-label use of rhBMP-2 should be restricted to complicated bone defects in which the conventional alternatives of reconstruction were unsuccessful.
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PMID:Off-Label Use of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 in the Reconstructions of Mandibular Continuity Defects. 2797 85

The systemic administration of drugs to treat bone diseases is often associated with poor uptake of the drug in the targeted tissue, potential systemic toxicity and suboptimal efficacy. In order to overcome these limitations, many micro- and nano-sized drug carriers have been developed for the treatment of bone pathologies that exhibit specific affinity for bone. Drug carriers can be functionalized with bone mineral seekers (BMS), creating a targeted drug delivery system (DDS) which is able to bind to bone and release therapeutics directly at the site of interest. This class of advanced DDS is of tremendous interest due to their strong affinity to bone, with great expectation to treat life-threatening bone disorders such as osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma or even osteoporosis. In this review, we first explain the mechanisms behind the affinity of several well-known BMS to bone, and then we present several effective approaches allowing the incorporation BMS into advanced DDS. Finally, we report the therapeutic applications of BMS based DDS under development or already established. Understanding the mechanisms behind the biological activity of recently developed BMS and their integration into advanced therapeutic delivery systems are essential prerequisites for further development of bone-targeting therapies with optimal efficacy.
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PMID:Drug delivery systems functionalized with bone mineral seeking agents for bone targeted therapeutics. 2912

Healing fractures resulting from bone disorders such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, osteomyelitis, and osteosarcoma remain a significant clinical challenge. In this chapter, we focus on scaffold based local drug delivery applications for promoting bone regeneration. For this purpose, we first review bone disorders, which require drug treatment and current fabrication techniques for bone tissue scaffold as a drug carrier. Next, we address the role of antimicrobial agents, anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-cancer drugs and bisphosphonates in promoting vascularized bone regeneration and discuss various local therapeutic delivery strategies for controlled and sustained drug delivery. Specifically, this review addresses the concept of drug loaded scaffold design and local drug release effects on bone regeneration. We conclude this review with a discussion of local drug delivery approaches to bone regeneration and discuss why it has the potential to be more efficient than traditional bone treatment methods.
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PMID:Tissue Scaffolds As a Local Drug Delivery System for Bone Regeneration. 3035 39

Septic arthritis is a surgical emergency requiring prompt drainage of the accumulation of pus in the joint. We report an eight-year-old boy who was referred to the Armed Forces Hospital, Salalah, Oman, in 2016 with limping and pain in his right hip along with an abduction deformity. He was initially diagnosed with synovitis and underwent conservative management. However, two weeks later, he presented to another centre due to persistent pain. Magnetic resonance imaging was suggestive of septic arthritis or osteomyelitis. Eight weeks later, the patient presented again to the Armed Forces Hospital. An arthrotomy was performed, during which an amount of what appeared to be frank pus was drained; however, cultures of the intraoperative samples returned no growth. A histopathological analysis revealed an osteosarcoma. The patient was subsequently referred elsewhere and underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery. Several months later, he relapsed and developed extensive pulmonary metastasis and died as a result of progressive deterioration.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of the Proximal Femur Mimicking Septic Arthritis of the Hip: A diagnostic dilemma. 3098 79


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