Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Condensing osteitis of the clavicle is a benign, often painful disorder, marked by bony sclerosis at the sternal end of the clavicle. It can be mistaken for other abnormalities such as Friedrich disease, bone island, osteoid osteoma, sternoclavicular osteoarthritis, and even a metastasis and osteosarcoma. Clinical, radiologic, scintigraphic, and histologic features of this condition are discussed and a brief overview of the treatment is provided. Three histologically proved cases are added to the 13 previously reported in the literature. Recognition of condensing osteitis of the clavicle may avoid the occasional unnecessarily aggressive diagnostic approach taken to search for a malignant tumor.
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PMID:Condensing osteitis of the clavicle: a rare but frequently misdiagnosed condition. 201 22

Following total knee arthoplasty, seven patients developed significant wound necrosis and dehiscence, requiring wound coverage with soft tissue flaps. Three patients had rheumatoid arthritis, three had degenerative arthritis, and one had osteosarcoma of the distal femur. Five different prostheses were used and the wound problems were discovered on average 21 days after arthroplasty. The average wound size was 6.0 cm2. Five were infected, four with Staphylococcus epidermidis and one with Staphylococcus aureus. All patients were treated with antibiotics and local debridement for an average of 10 days prior to the flap procedure. Medical gastrocnemius muscle flaps were used in two patients, unipedicle flaps transposed from the lateral thigh in three, and bipedicle flaps shifted from the medial thigh in two. Flaps were done an average of 56 days after arthroplasty, and knee rehabilitation was delayed an average of 76 days after arthroplasty. Patients were followed an average of 48 months after the flap procedure. Six patients had mild or no knee pain and one who remained infected had moderate constant pain. Three of the patients had greater than 90 degrees of knee motion and one had 75 degrees of motion. The remaining three had only 35 degrees of motion, due in part to significant preoperative contractures, infection, local radiation, and chemotherapy. Late infection developed in two patients at 20 and 45 months following the flap procedure. There was one excellent, three good, two fair, and one poor result using the Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating system at final follow-up examination.
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PMID:Treatment of major wound necrosis following total knee arthroplasty. 258 84

The case reported concerns a 12 year-old girl, native of the Cameroons, hospitalized in France for the treatment of the most severe disseminated type of African histoplasmosis (Histoplasma duboisii). In addition to a severe infectious syndrome, the child presented with 3 associated typical involvements: diffuse lymphadenopathy, skin lesions consisting of nodules of the face and trunk and suppurative osteo-articular lesions with an impressive radiological appearance: extensive bone lysis and metaphyseal fractures, without any sign of bone reconstruction, even after several months of treatment. This is rare a disease, but one that should be recognized, especially in its onset localized form, in a patient presenting with infectious osteoarthritis with a torpid evolution leading to the diagnosis of tuberculous or pyogenic infection, or even of osteosarcoma. The disseminated lesions may be difficult to distinguish from the multifocal bone lesions of sickle-cell disease osteomyelitis.
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PMID:[African histoplasmosis. A case]. 648 46

To determine the clinical presentation and manifestations of Paget's disease of the bone in patients older than 60 years, we reviewed the cases of 56 patients attending a bone clinic. Pain was the presenting symptom in 34 cases. It was attributed to the disease process in 21 cases, to osteoarthritis in 11, to trigeminal neuralgia in 1, and to osteosarcoma in 1. Other clinical manifestations included deformities (15 cases), diminished mobility and unsteady gait (9), hearing impairment (7), lethargy (4), diminished vision (3), cognitive deficit (3), sense of warmth in limbs (2), ill-fitting dentures (1), and fracture (1). We concluded that in patients older than 60 years, Paget's disease of the bone may present itself in a variety of ways, some of which may be mistakenly attributed to the "aging process" or some other disease. Furthermore, in this age group, osteoarthritis is responsible for the pain experienced by about one third of symptomatic patients.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of Paget's disease of the bone in older patients. 821 23

We report the development of the first radioimmunoassay for YKL-40, a M(r) = 40 kDa protein which is secreted at high levels by human synovial cells and articular cartilage chondrocytes, and by the human osteosarcoma cell line MG63. This assay uses YKL-40 purified from the conditioned medium of MG63 cells as standard and tracer, and as antigen for immunizing rabbits. With this assay we have discovered high levels of YKL-40 antigen in serum and SF. The molecular weight of serum and SF YKL-40 is identical to purified YKL-40. To evaluate the possible utility of YKL-40 in the assessment of joint disease, we measured YKL-40 in serum and SF of 49 patients with various forms of inflammatory and degenerative joint disease and in the serum of 50 normal adults. The YKL-40 level in serum was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the patients compared to the normal adults, but there was no difference in serum YKL-40 between the patients with inflammatory joint diseases and OA. The SF levels of YKL-40 were 15-fold higher than serum levels and there was a significant correlation (r = 0.55, P < 0.001) between YKL-40 concentration in SF and serum. Although the tissue distribution of YKL-40 secretion is presently unknown, these observations suggest that a major portion of serum YKL-40 in fact arises from the joint.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A new biochemical marker for joint injury. Analysis of YKL-40 in serum and synovial fluid. 822 Sep 33

Extraskeletal osseous and cartilaginous tumors and tumorlike conditions of the extremities can often be differentiated radiologically; for those that cannot, knowledge of the spectrum of lesions will allow a suitably ordered differential diagnosis. Of the osseous lesions--myositis ossificans, fibro-osseous pseudotumor, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva, soft-tissue osteoma, and extraskeletal osteosarcoma--all but myositis ossificans are relatively rare. Myositis ossificans has a distinct mineralization pattern that can be observed radiologically as a peripheral rim of lamellar bone. Fibro-osseous pseudotumor typically occurs in the digits of the hand and lacks the well-defined zoning pattern of myositis ossificans. The cartilaginous entities include the true tumors, soft-tissue chondroma and extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, and the tumorlike process, synovial osteochondromatosis. The tumors are relatively rare; synovial osteochondromatosis commonly affects middle-aged men, especially in the knee, and is associated with osteoarthritis. The differential diagnosis for these extraskeletal osseous and cartilaginous lesions includes soft-tissue sarcoma, benign mesenchymoma, malignant mesenchymoma (rare), calcified tophi in gout, melorheostosis (rare), pilomatricoma (rare), and tumoral calcinosis (rare).
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PMID:From the archives of the AFIP. Extraskeletal osseous and cartilaginous tumors of the extremities. 835 73

To find specific humoral antibodies in sera from patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA), an immortal human chondrocyte (HCS-2/8) and osteoblast (Saos-2) cell line derived from a chondrosarcoma and an osteosarcoma, respectively, were used as source proteins of human antigens. Patients with chronically painful TMJ OA (n = 18) but no other joints symptoms were selected from a consecutive series of patients with temperomandibular disorders and sex-matched asymptomatic controls (n = 8) were also recruited. Cellular proteins of the HCS-2/8 and Saos-2 cells were subjected to Western blotting with the OA and control sera as probes. Band-recognition frequency and the peak optical density of the band were compared between groups by chi2 and t-tests. OA sera recognized various bands for the chondrocytes, and one of these (47-kDa) was specific for the OA sera. In two OA patients whose treatment outcome was less favorable, the reactivity against the 47-kDa protein was relatively high. In addition, the OA sera clearly cross-reacted with recombinant HSP47. Based on these findings, an autoimmune reaction against chondrocytes could be one of the exaggerating and/or perpetuating mechanisms in the pathophysiology of osteoarthritic TMJs, and the humoral antibody titre against the HSP47-like protein derived from the chondrocytes could be one of the possible markers for the prognosis of the joint pathology.
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PMID:Detection of specific antibodies against human cultured chondrosarcoma (HCS-2/8) and osteosarcoma (Saos-2) cells in the serum of patients with osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint. 1039 98

The discoveries that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is an inducible form of COX involved in inflammation and that COX-1 is the major isoform responsible for the production of prostaglandins (PGs) in the gastrointestinal tract have provided a rationale for the development of specific COX-2 inhibitors as a new class of anti-inflammatory agents with improved gastrointestinal tolerability. In the present study, the preclinical pharmacological and biochemical profiles of rofecoxib [Vioxx, also known as MK-0966, 4-(4'-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(5H)-furanone], an orally active COX-2 inhibitor, are described. Rofecoxib is a potent inhibitor of the COX-2-dependent production of PGE(2) in human osteosarcoma cells (IC(50) = 26 +/- 10 nM) and Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human COX-2 (IC(50) = 18 +/- 7 nM) with a 1000-fold selectivity for the inhibition of COX-2 compared with the inhibition of COX-1 activity (IC(50) > 50 microM in U937 cells and IC(50) > 15 microM in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing human COX-1). Rofecoxib is a time-dependent inhibitor of purified human recombinant COX-2 (IC(50) = 0.34 microM) but caused inhibition of purified human COX-1 in a non-time-dependent manner that could only be observed at a very low substrate concentration (IC(50) = 26 microM at 0.1 microM arachidonic acid concentration). In an in vitro human whole blood assay, rofecoxib selectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced, COX-2-derived PGE(2) synthesis with an IC(50) value of 0.53 +/- 0.02 microM compared with an IC(50) value of 18.8 +/- 0.9 microM for the inhibition of COX-1-derived thromboxane B(2) synthesis after blood coagulation. Using the ratio of the COX-1 IC(50) values over the COX-2 IC(50) values in the human whole blood assay, selectivity ratios for the inhibition of COX-2 of 36, 6.6, 2, 3, and 0.4 were obtained for rofecoxib, celecoxib, meloxicam, diclofenac, and indomethacin, respectively. In several in vivo rodent models, rofecoxib is a potent inhibitor of carrageenan-induced paw edema (ID(50) = 1.5 mg/kg), carrageenan-induced paw hyperalgesia (ID(50) = 1.0 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide-induced pyresis (ID(50) = 0.24 mg/kg), and adjuvant-induced arthritis (ID(50) = 0.74 mg/kg/day). Rofecoxib also has a protective effect on adjuvant-induced destruction of cartilage and bone structures in rats. In a (51)Cr excretion assay for detection of gastrointestinal integrity in either rats or squirrel monkeys, rofecoxib has no effect at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Rofecoxib is a novel COX-2 inhibitor with a biochemical and pharmacological profile clearly distinct from that of current nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and represents a new therapeutic class of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of the symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis with improved gastrointestinal tolerability.
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PMID:Rofecoxib [Vioxx, MK-0966; 4-(4'-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(5H)-furanone]: a potent and orally active cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Pharmacological and biochemical profiles. 1041 62

We reviewed the results of 19 patients with hemipelvic allograft reconstructions after periacetabular tumor resection at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1977 to 1996. Histological diagnosis showed chondrosarcoma (in 7 patients), osteosarcoma in 5, and other tumors in 7. Seventeen patients were continuously disease-free for 12-228 months (mean, 57 months). One patient died of sepsis caused by wound infection after surgery for local recurrence. Results of evaluation (by the Mankin scale) in the 19 patients were: excellent in 1, good in 6, fair in 5, and failure in 7. Of the 19 patients, 5 (28%) had wound infection, and 3 patients had local recurrence. Allograft fracture was observed in 1 patient. Allograft and bipolar prosthesis were used in 11 patients, and migration of the bipolar prosthesis was observed in 4 of these patients. In 7 patients the femoral head was preserved; 2 patients received total hip arthroplasty because of osteoarthrosis in the hip joint or collapsed allograft. Migration of the bipolar prosthesis, with eventual osteoathrosis in the hip joint was also observed. However, hemipelvic allograft was thought to be an alternative useful reconstruction method despite the unresolved problems of loosening, dislocation, and breakage of the custom-made prosthetic hemipelvis.
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PMID:Hemipelvic allograft reconstruction after periacetabular bone tumor resection. 1098 57

Sarcoma developing in association with a metallic orthopaedic prosthesis or hardware is an uncommon, but well recognized complication. We review 12 cases of sarcomas arising in bone or soft tissue at the site of orthopaedic hardware or a prosthetic joint. Nine patients were male, and three were female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 85 (mean 55) years at the time of diagnosis of the malignancy. Five patients had undergone hip arthroplasty for degenerative joint disease, four had been treated with intramedullary nail placement for fracture, two had staples placed for fixation of osteotomy, and one had hardware placed for fracture fixation followed years later by a hip arthroplasty. The time interval between the placement of hardware and diagnosis of sarcoma was known in 11 cases and ranged from 2.5 to 33 (mean 11) years. The patients presented with pain, swelling, or loosening of hardware and were found to have a destructive bone or soft tissue mass on radiography. Two sarcomas were located primarily in the soft tissue and 10 in bone. Seven patients developed osteosarcoma, four malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and one a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. All sarcomas were high grade. Three patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Follow-up was available on eight patients: five patients died of disease 2 months to 8 years (mean 26 months) after diagnosis; two patients died without evidence of disease 7 and 30 months after diagnosis; and one patient is alive and free of disease 8 years after diagnosis. Sarcomas that occur adjacent to orthopaedic prostheses or hardware are of varied types, but are usually osteosarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma. They behave aggressively and frequently metastasize. Clinically, they should be distinguished from non-neoplastic reactions associated with implants, such as infection and a reaction to prosthetic wear debris.
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PMID:Orthopaedic implant-related sarcoma: a study of twelve cases. 1159 66


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