Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

beta-Adrenergic receptors were demonstrated in membrane preparations from 6 human Ewing's sarcomas and compared to those from 46 other pediatric cancers with the use of the beta-adrenergic antagonist (-)-(3H)dihydroalprenolol [(-)[3H]DHA]. In contrast to the high numbers of receptor sites found in Ewing's sarcomas (55-640 fmol x mg-1 protein; dissociation constant Kd, 1-2 nM), other childhood cancers (neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, brain tumors, lymphoma, osteosarcoma, hepatoblastoma, yolk sac, and Wilms' tumor) contained in general fewer beta-adrenergic receptor sites. Characteristics of (-)-[3H]DHA binding were therefore more fully characterized in the Ewing's tumors. Competition of (-)-[3H]DHA binding by classical catecholamine agonists, as well as by subtype selective agents metoprolol and zinterol, demonstrated the presence of a homogeneous population of beta 1-adrenergic sites in several Ewing's tumors. Adenylate cyclase activity in all Ewing's sarcomas was enhanced by GTP and NaF. However, in spite of high numbers of beta-adrenergic receptors, (-)-isoproterenol was not very effective in the activation of adenylate cyclase activity in several of the Ewing's tumors tested. Neither guanyl-5'-yl-imidophosphate nor GTP altered agonist potency for the receptor site in these catecholamine-insensitive tumors. Hill coefficients obtained from the competition experiments with (-)-isoproterenol (in the presence or absence of guanine nucleotide) were approximately 1.0. These uncoupled receptors were resistant to N-ethylmaleimide denaturation and were densensitized only 50% during culture in the presence of (-)-isoproterenol. Thus Ewing's sarcomas are relatively rich in beta-adrenergic sites, and several tumors appear to have a coupling lesion involving guanine nucleotide-dependent regulatory protein interaction with beta-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase, similar in phenotype to that described in the (unc) variant of S49 mouse lymphoma.
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PMID:beta-Adrenergic receptors in pediatric tumors: uncoupled beta 1-adrenergic receptor in Ewing's sarcoma. 631 52

In this paper we review the current data on the role of potentially lethal damage (PLD) recovery in human tumour cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo. In the case of cell lines studied in vitro, the mean recovery ratios found were higher for cells derived from tumours of low curability (glioblastoma, hypernephroma, osteosarcoma, melanoma) than for cells derived from tumours of high curability (breast carcinoma, neuroblastoma). Experiments were performed in vivo only with tumours of low and intermediate curability (melanoma, adenocarcinoma of the colon, pancreatic tumour). Although fragmentary and obtained only with established cell lines, these results argue in favour of the occurrence of PLD repair in human tumour, the amplitude of this repair being, in certain cases, sufficient to explain the incurability of a tumour by radiation therapy.
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PMID:Potentially lethal damage repair as a possible determinant of human tumour radiosensitivity. 650 62

Dansylcadaverine, amantadine, and rimantadine, which have been shown to inhibit the endocytosis of alpha 2-macroglobulin, epidermal growth factor, and vesicular stomatitis virus [Schlegel, R., Dickson, R. B., Willingham, M. C. & Pastan, I. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79, 2291-2295], were found to decrease phosphatidylcholine synthesis, chemotaxis, and internalization of a formylated peptide but to stimulate the incorporation of inositol into phosphatidylinositol in rabbit neutrophils. Dansylcadaverine decreased phosphatidylcholine synthesis by both the CDP-choline and transmethylation pathways and also inhibited the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine by the CDP-ethanolamine pathway. Dansylcadaverine had no effect on the phosphocholine, CDP-choline, or S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine pools but increased 2-fold the S-adenosyl-L-methionine pool. These results suggest that dansylcadaverine in some manner inhibited the condensation of CDP-choline with diacylglycerol to form phosphatidylcholine. Dansylcadaverine also inhibited phosphatidylcholine synthesis in human neutrophils, human fibroblasts, chicken embryo fibroblasts, rat hepatocytes, osteosarcoma cells, and neuroblastoma cells. It did not stimulate phosphatidylinositol synthesis in chicken embryo fibroblasts.
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PMID:Inhibitors of endocytosis perturb phospholipid metabolism in rabbit neutrophils and other cells. 657 51

During the past 2 years percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy has been employed to help establish or confirm diagnosis in 32 infants and children. A 22-gauge needle is used to aspirate the site of suspected disease. For lesions inside the chest or abdomen, the needle is guided with the help of fluoroscopy, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan. Nineteen of the 32 patients had malignant disease, including lymphoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leukemia. In all patients with solid tumors, tissue obtained at operation confirmed the accuracy of the diagnosis. In seven children with suspiciously enlarged lymph nodes, an open biopsy was avoided when the needle aspirate was clearly benign. In four children, the early appearance of metastatic or recurrent malignancy was confirmed without the need for open biopsy. In this small series, there were no false-negative or false-positive needle aspirates, and no complications directly related to the procedure. The skill and experience of the cytopathologist is essential to the success of this technique. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and reliable alternative method of establishing a diagnosis in infants and children with suspected malignant disease.
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PMID:The usefulness of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy in infants and children. 657 17

Pretreatment serum samples obtained at diagnosis from 89 children with various pediatric malignancies were examined for circulating immune complexes (CIC) using the [125I]Clq binding assay. The study population consisted of 35 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 22 children with acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 24 with neuroblastoma (NB), and eight with osteosarcoma (OS). Concomitant quantitation of immunoglobulins was performed in 55 patients, revealing normal values for age. Increased levels of CIC at diagnosis were found in 9%, 22%, 42%, and 50% of children with ALL, AML, NB, and OS, respectively. Except for a higher proportion of CIC-positive patients observed in stage IV NB (nine of 17) compared to stage I-III NB (one of seven), no correlation was observed between initial CIC level and presenting clinical features, response to treatment, prognosis, or presence of infection. Longitudinal sampling of six NB and two OS patients did not reveal a clear relationship between disease activity and quantity of CIC. For the pediatric malignancies studied, these data demonstrate minimal value in quantitating CIC as a means of assessing disease activity or predicting response to treatment and are in contrast to the apparently adverse effect of elevated pretreatment CIC on response to therapy and survival observed in adults with ALL, AML, and OS.
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PMID:Circulating immune complexes in childhood malignancies: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. 658 17

The value of new morphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors is demonstrated in a number of cases. In round cell malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and anaplastic plasmacytoma) diagnostic accuracy can be improved by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. New methods are also of value in differentiating the metastatic carcinoma from malignant bone primaries. Electron microscopy may show epithelial cell features (ie, gland structures, desmosomes, and tonofilaments), while immunohistologic investigation of the cytoskeleton may facilitate differentiation of epithelial cells (positive for prekeratin) from mesenchymal cells (positive for vimentin). In the differential diagnosis of typical bone tumors, however, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the value of enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods appears somewhat restricted: alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased in both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma; collagen type II, the cartilage-specific collagen, is found not only in chondrosarcoma but in osteosarcoma as well. Moreover, osteosarcomas may contain a considerable number of macrophages and histiocytes, and so this feature is worthless in distinguishing osteosarcoma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A new approach for appraising the malignancy of bone tumors may be through flow cytometric investigation of nuclear DNA content. Osteosarcomas reveal DNA aneuploidies in more than 80% of cases, with a large proportion of cells in the S phase. These features may prove valuable for discerning osteosarcoma from myositis ossificans. In contrast to typical giant cell tumor of bone, a rare case of malignant giant cell tumor showed aneuploid cell lines indicating the malignant nature of the tumor.
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PMID:New cytomorphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors: possibilities and limitations. 660 Jan 11

A pathological X-ray of the skeleton with the clinical correlation "painful swelling of soft tissue" is always an alarming sign in childhood. Radiology is our most important device to decide if the disease is of traumatic, inflammatory, incretory or neoplasmatic as well as of degenerative origin. Considering the group of "neoplasmatic alterations" there are more than 50 different entities. The differential diagnosis of a "bone tumor" requires large experience from the radiologist. Supporting the oncologist an experienced pathologist must be capable to distinguish a reticulosarcoma, a neuroblastoma metastasis, a leukemic bone-infiltrate or an embryonal rhabdo-myosarcoma from an Ewing's sarcoma. An experienced surgeon is of the same importance capable of not only collecting detritus out of necrotic tumor centres or altered tissues, but of gathering several samples from vital tumor tissue. This experienced team is especially required when children are in concern, as this age represents the peak of manifestation of malignant bone-sarcoma as Ewing's sarcoma or osteosarcoma. The quoted case-descriptions point our how difficult it may be to find the proper biopsy location and how initial false diagnosis lets valuable time pass by and prevents early diagnosis.
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PMID:[Ewing sarcoma. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in children]. 663 98

The effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on cardiac function were studied in 33 patients with acute leukemia (16 cases), neuroblastoma (5 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases), malignant lymphoma (3 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (3 cases) and malignant histiocytosis (2 cases). The left ventricular function was evaluated by serial echocardiographic assessment. Ejection fraction (E.F.) and shortening fraction (S.F.) of left ventricule were calculated from echocardiographic measurements. Seven of 33 cases (21.2%) revealed the decrease of E.F. and S.F. There was the significant correlation between total doses of daunomycin and E.F. Three patients died of severe congestive heart failure probably due to daunomycin administration. Usually, cardiac dysfunction caused by these drugs has improved within 3 months after the discontinuation.
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PMID:[Effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on cardiac functions]. 663

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 10 children with intrathoracic disease. Entities imaged included mediastinal lymphoma and neuroblastoma, pulmonary metastases from hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma, hemorrhagic pleural effusion, and nonmalignant disease such as abscess, cystic fibrosis, and bronchogenic cyst. MR imaging was particularly valuable in delineating mediastinal and parenchymal masses from adjacent vascular structures without the need for contrast material enhancement. However, MR was insensitive to lesion calcification. Since pulmonary vessels give very low signal, differentiation of high-intensity pulmonary nodules from vessels is readily apparent. For similar reasons, MR was excellent in distinguishing endobronchial mucus plugs from peripheral pulmonary vessels.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax in childhood. Work in progress. 669 Nov 2

A retrospective examination of the bone scans of 425 pediatric oncology patients was undertaken to determine the incidence of photon-deficient (cold) lesions in this population. Eight patients (1.8%) had cold lesions due to a wide variety of tumors. Of the tumor types, six had not been previously reported to give cold lesions on bone scan. The appearance of the radiograph at the site of the cold lesion was normal in five of the eight patients. All but one of the patients had "hot spots" as well as a cold lesion. Follow-up scans showed resolution of the cold lesions in two cases and a change from cold to hot in one case. A review of the literature revealed eight cases of cold lesions on bone scan due to tumor in pediatric patients. The previous reports included five patients with neuroblastoma and three with osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Cold lesions on bone scan in pediatric neoplasms. 670 10


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