Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Short- and long-term co-cultures of 49 cases of human osteosarcoma cells with bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of patients with different types of leukemia were studied. Morphological changes were observed in 7 of 13 long-term co-cultures resembling those induced by RNA tumor viruses. The changes were accompanied by appearance of cytoplasmic antigen as shown by fixed immunofluorescence test with sera from patients with osteosarcoma, leukemia, and of some apparently normal blood donors. Absorption with Forssman-like substances, whole human embryo cells or osteosarcoma cells demonstrated the reaction to be due to tumor antigen(s) in co-culture cells showing morphological changes. Electron microscopy showed a few type C virus particles in one co-culture. Cell-free filtrates of fluid from the transformed co-cultures induced morphological changes in 1 of 4 human embryo cultures. Uninoculated embryo cultures or those inoculated with filtrates from parental sarcoma or leukemia cultures showed no morphological changes. Human embryo cell cultures treated with fluid from parental leukemic bone marrow but not from parental sarcoma cultures showed appearance of cytoplasmic antigen by immunofluorescence test with sera of osteosarcoma and leukemia patients and of some apparently normal blood donors. Transformed human co-cultures showed the cytoplasmic antigen with 28 of 48 sera of osteosarcoma and leukemia patients tested, after absorption with Forssman-like material, human embryo, and mycoplasma suspensions. Fourteen of 49 sera of normal donors were also positive with the transformed co-cultures. Similar results were obtained in an earlier series of experiments with human embryonic cultures transformed by fluid from different osteosarcoma-leukemia co-cultures when examined by fixed immunofluorescence tests with sera of patients with osteosarcoma and leukemia. In 2 whole human embryo cell cultures showing morphological changes high molecular weight RNA was found, similar to that of RNA animal tumor viruses and in one of the cultures transient reverse transcriptase was detected.
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PMID:Virus retrieval studies in human neoplasia. 5 29

Sera from 8 of 9 patients with osteogenic sarcoma equally lysed autologous tissue-cultured cells of both skin and osteosarcoma in the presence of complement. Of 155 normal human sera tested, 103 (66%) lysed allogeneic normal ksin in tissue culture. These antibodies appeared more prevalent in younger (96% in ages 11-20 yr) than older (33% in ages 41-50 yr) humans. The presence of these "natural" antibodies against normal and malignant cells growing in tissue culture was possibly directed against components adsorbed to the cells during tissue culture or to "new" cell-surface antigens expressed by these cells grown in tissue culture. These non-tumor-related neoantigens on normal and malignant cells in tissue culture represented a potential source of confusion in studies of the serologic response of humans to tumors.
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PMID:Lysis of human normal and sarcoma cells in tissue culture by normal human serum: implications for experiments in human tumor immunology. 6 9

Sections were taken from the center, midzone, and margin of four human osteogenic sarcomas and one fibrosarcoma. Single-cell suspensions of tumors were examined in an indirect immunofluorescence assay with autologous or homologous anti-osteogenic sarcoma antisera as the intermediate reactant and fluorescein-labeled anti-human IgG as the final reactant. Cells were stained under conditions in which the fluorescence intensity was directly proportional to the density of the tumor-associated antigen on these cells. The density of tumor-associated antigen on cells from the center of the five tumor masses was low; cells from the midzone had intermediate levels of tumor antigen density, and cells at the margin had the highest levels. Similar preparations stained with polyspecific anti-HLA antisera did not demonstrate such a gradient. Since osteogenic sarcomas grow outward from the center, with the outer margin populated by the youngest cells, these results suggest that the oldest cells in the tumor bear the least tumor antigen, and the youngest tumor cells have the most. This is not compatible with theories which postulate that the immune system modulates the growth of a tumor so that only the least antigenic cells are allowed to grow. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.
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PMID:Antigenic differences among osteogenic sarcoma tumor cells taken from different locations in human tumors. 6 91

Antibodies against non-histone chromosomal proteins for 89Sr-induced osteogenic sarcoma (mouse) were prepared by immunization of rabbits. The immunoreactivity of this antigen was then compared with those of non-histone chromosomal proteins from Ehrlich ascites tumor, normal mouse liver, and calf thymus by the method of quantitative microcomplement fixation. The non-histone chromosomal proteins of 98Sr-induced osteogenic sarcoma, fractionated by hydroxylapatite chromatography, exhibited significant affinity for the antibodies. Similar proteins from Ehrlich ascites tumor, normal mouse liver, or calf thymus were virtually inactive, indicating the tissue-specificity of 89Sr-induced osteogenic sarcoma proteins.
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PMID:Immunospecificity of non-histone chromosomal proteins in 89Sr-induced osteogenic sarcoma (mouse). 7 Apr 27

The surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor (HGBT) cells were studied by complement-dependent cytotoxic antibody assays and indirect membrane immunofluorescence. Eight permanent, well-characterized cell lines derived from human gliomas were used for analysis with antisera raised by hyperimmunization of nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis) with glioblastoma multiforme tissue or established HGBT cells lines. Exhaustive absorption of these antisera to remove predominantly antispecies activity rendered HLA nonreactive "preabsorbed" antisera, which reacted with a large panel of gliomatous and nongliomatous human tumor cells; 1 carcinoma, 2 sarcomas, 2 melanomas, 1 neuroblastoma, and 8 HGBT cell lines. Four lymphoblastoid lines and 2 carcinomas were unreactive. After further absorption with a human osteogenic sarcoma cell line, the antisera demonstrated significant levels of reactivity for 8 tested HGBT cell lines and no longer reacted with the nongliomatous cultured tumor cells lines. Therefore, extensive absorption of nonhuman primate anti-human glioma sera removed all activity for the nongliomatous cell lines tested, but it left significant reactivity against a glial tumor cell line-associated antigen(s) present on all 8 human glioma cell lines tested.
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PMID:Surface antigenic characteristics of human glial brain tumor cells. 7 98

Thirteen patients with osteogenic sarcoma were treated with multiple drug chemotherapy consisting of bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin. The dosage schedule used was: bleomycin 12 mg/m2/day, cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2/day, and dactinomycin 450 microgram/m2/day. All drugs were given intravenously for two consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks. Toxicity included severe nausea and vomiting (managed with antiemetics and intravenous hydration) and manifestations of bone marrow depression. Of 13 patients, eight were previously treated with high dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue, cyclophosphamide and Adriamycin. Of these eight, three patients had objective evidence of tumor regression (37.5%). Five of five previously untreated patients had objective evidence of tumor regression. The overall response rate in osteogenic sarcoma patients to BCD was 61.5%. The combination of BCD appears to be more active against osteogenic sarcoma than cyclophosphamide alone or Adriamycin alone. The relative safety with which BCD can be administered makes this combination a valuable adjunct to high dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor rescue and Adriamycin in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma.
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PMID:Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, cyclophosphamide and dactinomycin for the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. 7 9

57Co-bleomycin appears to be one of the best tumor detecting agents at the moment. The localization within the cells is not yet known. This preclinical investigation had the aim to study the subcellular distribution of 57Co-bleomycin in liver, spleen and tumors of rats and mice. Mice with transplanted lymphosarcoma and osteosarcoma were used and rats with transplanted rhabdomyosarcoma. The concentration of 57Co-bleomycin was 2 to 10 times higher in the tumors as compared to the (normal) liver. This accumulation property was not found with the control substance: 57CoCl2. The highest radioactivity of 57Co-bleomycin (cpm/mg protein) was observed in subcellular fractions containing mitocohndria and lysosomes. After treatment of these fractions with hypertonic solutions it could be shown that enzymes of the mitochondrial matrix remained inside the vesicles under conditions of almost complete release of 57Co-bleomycin. Half of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase was released too. From these experiments it is concluded that 57Co-bleomycin is preferentially localized in heavy secondary lysomes which are more fragile than the lighter lysosomes in the cells.
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PMID:Subcellular localization of 57Co-bleomycin in normal and tumor tissues. 7 96

A case of osteogenic sarcoma of the maxilla is described. The tumor was excised by a hemimaxillectomy but recurred in 3 months. The patient died 8 months after the initial onset of symptoms. Chemotherapy and radiation were ineffective with the exception of bleomycin, which caused necrosis of the tumour, with no apparent increase in growth, and a decrease of the serum alkaline phosphatase level to less than half of the maximum value. There was a close correlation between the fluctuating pattern of the serum alkaline phosphatase level and the growth and remission of the tumour during the entire course of treatment.
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PMID:Chemotherapy in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma of the maxilla (case report). 8 44

From 1973--1975, 31 patients with biopsied primary osteogenic sarcoma were treated with preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgical ablation of the primary tumor. Surgery was delayed in order to obtain a custom-fitted prosthetic bone implant in an attempt to avoid amputation. Preoperative chemotherapy included high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) with citrovorum factor rescue (CFR) and adriamycin (T-5 protocol) and was administered for 3 months preoperatively and continued with the inclusion of cyclophosphamide for approximately 5 months postoperatively. At a follow-up period of 30--52 months, 23 of 31 patients (75%) are surviving (21 of 23 with no evidence of disease). Histologic examination of primary tumor removed at surgery revealed varying degrees of tumor destruction (from very little effect to no evidence of viable tumor) attributable to the effect of chemotherapy. The 21 patients that are disease-free survivors had a more complete effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the primary tumor. Some patients achieving favorable effects upon the primary tumor did so only after the dose of HDMTX was escalated to greater than the starting dose of 8 g/m2. Preoperative chemotherapy for all patients with osteogenic sarcoma would seem to offer the following advantages: 1) Evaluation of the effect of HDMTX with CFR on the primary tumor with escalation of the dose of HDMTX until a clinical response is observed, thus defining the dose of HDMTX effective in that patient, to be continued postoperatively as adjuvant therapy; 2) The early use of systemic therapy to eradicate distant microfoci of disease that will eventually kill the patient if not adequately treated by effective chemotherapy; 3) Allow more time for postoperative healing without the need to start adjuvant chemotherapy immediately; and 4) Provide the surgeon time to plan resection surgery. To date, 20 additional patients with biopsy proven osteogenic sarcoma have been treated with more aggressive preoperative chemotherapy (T-7) for approximately 2 1/2 months prior to definitive surgery (resection or amputation). Doses of HDMTX were escalated where necessary and good clinical responses were obtained in 19 of 20 patients. In the majority of patients, no evidence of viable tumor was found on histologic examination of the surgically removed primary tumor. All 20 patients are surviving free of active disease at this brief follow-up period of 4--20 months.
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PMID:Primary osteogenic sarcoma: the rationale for preoperative chemotherapy and delayed surgery. 8 51

Lung tumor-associated antigens of approximately 32,000 daltons were recognized by the use of sensitive radioimmunoassays and rabbit antisera, one raised against an extract of pooled human malignant lung tissues and another raised against a cell line derived from a human squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. These antigens differ from antigens described previously, including carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. The antigens were detected on 13 of 13 lung tumors (of all histologic types), fetal tissue, normal brain, 2 of 8 colon tumors, 2 of 9 prostate tumors, and 2 of 3 breast tumors, as well as on cell lines derived from lung tumors, neuroblastoma, human amnion, colon adenocarcinoma, and bladder tumors. They were not detectable on normal lung, liver, kidney, colon, or prostate tissues or on cell lines derived from osteosarcoma, fetal lung fibroblasts, transitional cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Lung tumors of different histologic types were concluded to express common, tumor-associated oncofetal antigens that are found less often on tumors of other organs.
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PMID:Human lung tumor-associated antigens of 32,000 daltons molecular weight. 9 95


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