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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Studies of multiple primary neoplasms and their relation to the nervous system should consider two important principles: 1) neoplasms of the nervous system have certain unusual features that distinguish them from tumors occurring elsewhere in the body; and 2) there is good evidence that the various histologic types of nervous system tumors should be regarded as separate diseases. The association of nervous system neoplasms and tumors of other sites may occur in patients with phacomatoses or particular genetic syndromes. In addition, certain nervous system neoplasms may be multicentric in origin. Retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma occur together in the same patient more often than expected by chance, as do meningioma and breast cancer. These relationships are important in that they serve to identify the high risk patient, may provide etiologic clues, may point to the presence of genetic syndromes, and may highlight sites in which subsequent tumors are most likely to develop.
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PMID:Multiple primary neoplasms and the nervous system. 40 81

Since 1981, a specialized technique has been under development at the University of California Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for charged particle irradiation of tumors partially or completely encircling the brain stem or spinal cord. By dividing the target volume into two or more portions and using a combination of beams, a reasonably homogeneous irradiation of the target volume can be obtained which protects critical CNS structures from over-irradiation. This technique requires knowledge of the physical and biological effects of charged particles, precise, reproducible patient immobilization, careful treatment planning based upon Metrizamide contrast CT and/or MRI scanning, compensation for tissue inhomogeneities, and accurate, verifiable radiation delivery. Uncertainties in the dose distribution must be taken into account when prescribing treatment. We have used this technique in 47 patients with a variety of tumors abutting the brain stem and spinal cord, including chordoma, chondrosarcoma, meningioma, osteosarcoma and metastatic tumors. The results have shown a significant local control rate (62%) and the incidence of serious complications has been acceptable (13%). The median follow-up is 20 months with a range of 6-90 months. We conclude that charged particles can be safely and effectively used to irradiate lesions encircling the brain stem or spinal cord to doses higher than can be achieved with low-LET irradiation.
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PMID:Charged particle radiotherapy for lesions encircling the brain stem or spinal cord. 250 56

Chondrosarcoma of the skull base is a rare neoplasm. The most common presenting symptoms are hoarseness, dysphagia, and diplopia, which is associated with palsies of cranial nerves X, IX, and VI. The temporal bone is the most common site of tumor origin, followed by the sphenoid bone. These tumors must be differentiated from chordoma, chondroid chordoma, osteogenic sarcoma, enchondroma, and meningioma. Diagnosis is made by patient history, radiologic imaging, and biopsy. The treatment is surgical excision followed by radiation therapy. Five-year survival rates for grades I, II, and III are 90, 81, and 43%, respectively.
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PMID:Extracranial skull base chondrosarcoma. 268 2

A primary osteosarcoma of the meninges based on clinical, light, and ultrastructural findings is reported. The neoplasm appears to complete Cushing and Eisenhardt's postulate and expectation of a malignant counterpart of osteoblastic meningioma. The neoplasm lends support to the concept of a primitive multipotential mesenchymal cell in the meninges capable of giving rise to every variety of neoplasms within that potential.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma of meninges: clinical, light, and ultrastructural observations of a case. 693 39

A case of effective chemotherapy in postirradiation sarcoma is reported. A 30-year-old woman underwent a subtotal resection of a benign mixed meningioma followed by a course of radiotherapy. Five years later she developed a skull tumor which was resected. Histological study showed sarcomatous change corresponding most likely to a postirradiation osteosarcoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy (methotrexate, carboplatin, and VP16) was given. A progression occurred 8 months later and the patient was treated unsuccessfully with tamoxifen, LHRH, and later with high dose methotrexate and carboplatin. Six months later a lung metastasis was discovered and she received four cycles of IVP (ifosfamide, vepeside, cisplatin) alternating with IVA (ifosfamide, vepeside, adriamycin). Within 4 months the primary and lung tumours had decreased substantially without evidence of progression at follow-up 5 months later. We conclude that IVP/IVA regimen is a potentially useful therapy when an osteosarcoma of the skull is in progression.
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PMID:Osteosarcoma following radiation treatment for meningioma: report of a case and effective treatment with chemotherapy. 753 47

mac25, a retinoic acid-inducible gene that is expressed at high levels in senescent epithelial cells, was initially cloned as a gene that is differentially expressed in meningioma. Although the homology of its product with members of family of insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins was suggested, the product also exhibits strong homology to follistatin, an activin-binding protein. However, a domain corresponding to the carboxyl terminus of follistatin is not found in mac25. The carboxyl-terminally truncated form of follistatin, generated by alternative splicing, has stronger activin-binding activity than the complete form. This result suggests that mac25 might act as an activated follistatin. Clonal growth of a p53-deficient osteosarcoma cell line was strongly inhibited when the murine mac25 gene, as well as the p53 gene, was introduced. Resembling activins that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily, mac25 and p53 might associate with similar but distinct targets, namely cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. However, there is no evidence for compensation of p53 function by mac25 in the development of p53-deficient mice, as judged from the pattern of expression of mac25 in mice. mac25 might act as a tumor suppressor, modulating signaling of the TGF-beta family, as does alpha-inhibin.
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PMID:A follistatin-like gene, mac25, may act as a growth suppressor of osteosarcoma cells. 864 39

A sacrococcygeal case of clear cell meningioma in a 38-year-old man is reported. Compared to the seven spinal clear cell meningiomas described so far, this case demonstrated the highest recurrency rate. Multiple recurrences were most likely due to the extensive infiltrative growth pattern of the tumor hindering complete microscopic surgical resection. Histologic parameters were not relevant to predict recurrences, since cellular anaplasia was lacking and growth fraction was low in the first operation and all subsequent recurrences. In view of what is now known of clear cell meningiomas, the tumor showed all histologic and immunohistochemical features which are typical for this tumor entity. However, the tumor was first diagnosed by capable pathologists and neuropathologists as fibroma-like mesenchymal tumor, metastatic renal carcinoma, chordoma, chondroma untypical osteosarcoma, and microcystic meningioma. Correct diagnosis was made by electron microscopy which has revealed comparable findings to those of other rare electron microscopical cases reported so far; high content of cytoplasmic glycogen diffusely distributed throughout the cytoplasm or aggregated within vacuoles, intermediate filaments, desmosomes, interdigitation of cell membranes and large amounts of collagen fibers, some of which were of the giant amianthoid type. Since meningiomatous features of clear cell meningiomas are not obvious light microscopically and the tumors may be confused with nonmeningiomatous neoplasms, electron microscopical investigation is highly recommended in each case of suspected clear cell meningioma.
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PMID:Clear cell meningioma: report of a spinal case. 870 92

The association between genetic disorders and diverse cancers has provided clues for laboratory research into carcinogenesis. Such an opportunity now arises from studies of cancer in Werner syndrome (WRN). Soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and benign meningioma have been associated with WRN, an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by premature aging, more commonly reported in Japan than elsewhere, in part because of inbreeding. In the literature we found 124 case-reports of neoplasia and WRN from Japan and 34 from outside Japan, 1939-August, 1995. They reveal a greater diversity of neoplasia in WRN than was previously known. In Japanese, there were 127 cancers, 14 benign meningioma, and 5 myeloid disorders, as compared with 30, 7 and 2 respectively in non-Japanese. The ratio of epithelial to non-epithelial cancers was about 1:1 for Japanese and for non-Japanese instead of the usual 10:1. Both series had excess of STS, osteosarcoma, myeloid disorders, and benign meningioma. In addition, the Japanese had an excess of thyroid cancer (20 versus 2 cases in non-Japanese) and melanoma (21 versus 3 cases), including 5 intranasal and 13 of the feet. STS, osteosarcoma, melanoma, and thyroid carcinoma accounted for 57% of all cancer in WRN as compared with 2% expected based on the Osaka population at 25-64 years of age. Multiple tumors were reported in 19 Japanese and 5 non-Japanese. In Japan, nine first-degree relatives had WRN and cancer, six of whom were concordant as to site and/or cell type. The WRN gene has been mapped to chromosome 8p. The high frequency of thyroid cancer and melanoma in Japanese, not found in Caucasians, may be related to a report of linkage disequilibrium with the WRN gene in Japanese but not in Caucasians and to haplotype differences within and between the two races, suggesting multiple independent mutations.
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PMID:Excess of rare cancers in Werner syndrome (adult progeria). 872 14

We report a case of an ectopic, extraspinal meningioma that appeared as a midline interscapular mass in a 13-year-old girl. The tumor involved the T-2 and T-3 spinous processes, but was dorsal to the lamina and was entirely extrinsic to the spinal canal. Large amounts of tumoral calcification and reactive hyperostosis were present, radiologically mimicking an osteogenic sarcoma.
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PMID:Ectopic extraspinal meningioma: CT and MR appearance. 928 66

Second malignancy after childhood neoplasms is a well-known complication. However, frequency differs considerably according to the types of primary neoplasm and the specifics of therapy. Ten patients with a second malignancy after being cured of the primary tumor are described. There were 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and one with breast cancer after Hodgkin's disease. Two patients with heritable retinoblastoma developed osteosarcomas in the irradiation field after a latent period of 7 and 14 years respectively. There was another osteosarcoma in a Wilms' tumor survivor. One patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed a secondary AML 10 years after achieving initial remission, and a meningioma was diagnosed in another patient with cured acute lymphoblastic leukemia. One patient died of peritoneal sarcomatosis of unknown origin 20 years after the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. All patients received radiotherapy for the primary neoplasms. Secondary neoplasms in other patients were probably missed because they occurred in adulthood when the patients were transferred to other medical centres. It is impossible to trace these patients because central registration of patients with neoplasms is lacking. It is therefore important to establish a central cancer registry for the whole of Switzerland. Second malignancy after childhood cancer is not a rare event and requires long-term follow-up of patients with neoplasms.
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PMID:[Insufficient understanding of second tumors after childhood neoplasms in Switzerland]. 958 99


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