Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred eighty-five dogs with histologically confirmed, measurable malignant tumors were used in a prospective study to determine the response to 2 doses of the anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, doxorubicin. Eighty-three dogs had been refractory to one or more previous treatment modalities (surgery, n = 54; chemotherapy, n = 22; radiation, n = 10; hyperthermia, n = 1; biological response modifier, n = 1). The extent of neoplastic disease was determined immediately prior to and 3 weeks after 2 doses of doxorubicin were administered (30 mg/m2 of body surface area, iv) 21 days apart. Eighty-four percent (n = 157) of the dogs received 2 doses of doxorubicin and were evaluated. Of the 28 dogs ruled ineligible, 4 had serious side effects to the first dose of doxorubicin, and 24 others acquired complications resulting from their malignant tumors. A partial or complete remission was obtained in 41% (64/157) of all evaluable dogs: 26% (11/43) of the dogs with carcinoma, 67% (42/63) of the dogs with lymphoma, and 22% (11/51) of the dogs with sarcoma. Tumors in which there was at least a 50% volume reduction (partial or complete remission) included malignant lymphoma (42/63), fibrosarcoma (1/14), solid follicular thyroid carcinoma (3/13), mammary adenocarcinoma (2/8), hemangiosarcoma (2/8), osteosarcoma (1/6), circumanal carcinoma (3/5), synovial cell sarcoma (2/3), undifferentiated sarcoma (2/3), nasal adenocarcinoma (1/2), liposarcoma (1/2), infiltrating lipoma (1/1), malignant melanoma (1/1), sclerosing mesothelioma (1/1), and neurofibrosarcoma (1/2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of doxorubicin for treatment of various canine neoplasms. 259 41

The present status of the treatment with fast neutrons performed in Asian countries is reviewed and the experiences with respect to the radiobiological indications are presentated and discussed. There are three facilities under operation, the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS) in Chiba, the Institute of Medical Science (IMS) in Tokyo and the Korea Cancer Center Hospital (KCCH) in Seoul. The clinical experiences can be summarized as follows: Fast neutrons are the treatment of choice for carcinoma of the salivary gland, Pancoast tumor of the lung, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma and malignant melanoma. Provided the isodose planning can be improved, it seems that also squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and esophagus, adenocarcinoma of the lung, stage I and prostatic adenocarcinoma can be benefit from neutron therapy. The same holds for malignant meningioma, while the benefit for glioblastoma multiforme has not yet been confirmed. Studies are going on for the treatment of other cancers and for evaluating the possible role of neutron therapy in combination with surgery.
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PMID:Present status of fast neutron therapy in Asian countries. 265 57

Based on the two mutation hypothesis in the development of retinoblastoma, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of specific chromosome has been implicated in the presence of tumor suppressor gene. Studies on the LOH in different types of tumors revealed that LOH of each chromosome might play a different role in the multistep process of carcinogenesis: LOH of some chromosomes may play an etiological role in the development of some tumors, while that of other chromosomes or the same chromosome in other tumors, may play a role in the progression of tumors. LOH of chromosome 13 is an example for the former cases, and the latter cases involve LOH of chromosome 17 in colorectal carcinoma and osteosarcoma, chromosome 10 in glioblastoma, chromosome 1 in neuroblastoma and malignant melanoma, and chromosome 11 in breast carcinoma. These studies indicates that the progressive or concerted LOH could be a measure of the highly malignant or metastatic potentiality. However, it should be borne in mind that, especially in polyploid tumors, LOH also occurs as a random event following the polyploidization-segregation process.
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PMID:[Loss of heterozygosity in the progression of tumors]. 267 92

Sinonasal neoplasms and neoplasm-like proliferations composed of light microscopically poorly differentiated or undifferentiated, small- to medium-sized cells cause considerable diagnostic confusion. Lesions in this category include lymphoepithelioma (undifferentiated carcinoma), olfactory neuroblastoma, small-cell undifferentiated (oat cell) carcinoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, malignant melanoma, pituitary adenoma, lymphoid hyperplasia, malignant lymphoma, plasmacytoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, rhabdomyosarcoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, small cell osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Many of these lesions can be definitively diagnosed based on light microscopic features alone, but, in some instances, additional techniques such as immunohistochemistry are of value. The authors review the pertinent clinicopathologic features of the above lesions, with emphasis on light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of particular utility in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:"Undifferentiated" neoplasms of the sinonasal region: differential diagnosis based on clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features. 269 5

We studied hyperthermia for malignant tumors of the extremities, and obtained the following findings. In osteosarcoma cultured cells from OST (Human) and Dunn (Mouse), proliferation was clearly inhibited on being heated to 42 approximately 43 degrees C. On heat-treating the femurs of pigs, a rise in temperature to 42.5 degrees C or above was observed so that an antitumor effect could be anticipated. Moreover, no abnormal rise in temperature in the tissues surrounding the bone and light microscopy revealed no particular abnormalities. Clinically, a rise in temperature above 42.5 degrees C was observed in the majority of the malignant bone tumors (4 cases of osteosarcoma and 1 case of chordoma) and soft tissue tumors (1 case of epithelioid sarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, malignant melanoma and osteosarcoma) of which 2 cases were metastatic tumors. Before administration, 7 patients complained of pain, 4 of whom (57%) experienced an alleviation following treatment. Also in 5 (50%) out of 10 cases a shrinking of the tumor was observed and especially, in the case of soft tissue tumors a tendency towards a softening of tumor texture was seen.
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PMID:[Hyperthermia in malignant tumors of the extremities--experimental heating by a radiofrequency applicator and its clinical significance]. 273 74

Between 1950 and 1984 out of 57.393 women who delivered at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catania University Medical School, Catania, Italy, 40 cases of malignant neoplasia were diagnosed with an incidence of one case in 1.434 deliveries. The most frequent neoplasias is cervix carcinoma (21 cases; 52.5%), followed by breast cancer (6 cases; 15%), ovarian cancer (4 cases; 10%) and leukemia (4 cases; 10%). There was very rare association with Hodgkin disease (2 cases; 5%), osteosarcoma (1 case; 2.5%), medulloblastoma (1 case; 2.5%), and skin melanoma (1 case; 2.5%). Since cancer of the uterine cervix is the most frequent neoplasia (one cases out of 2.733 deliveries), cervical smear should be performed during pregnancy in women that never performed it.
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PMID:[Cancer and pregnancy. Retrospective study on the frequency in 57,393 deliveries]. 276 32

A study was conducted to determine the levels of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) in plasma proteins and hemoglobin of cancer patients after cisplatin chemotherapy. Thirty-seven cancer patients with different type of cancers (lung, esophageal, urinary tract, and testicular cancer, melanoma, osteosarcoma etc) received cisplatin 32-110 mg/m2 either as a single intravenous infusion or as infusions given on 5 consecutive days. Blood samples were classified according to time from previous cisplatin infusion. They included a total of 103 samples taken before the cisplatin infusion, immediately after infusion, 1, 2 or 3-5 days after infusion or 2-3, 4, or 5-7 weeks after infusion. Platinum (Pt) concentration in plasma proteins and hemoglobin was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The data showed a correlation between the dose of cisplatin and the concentrations of Pt in plasma proteins and hemoglobin of cancer patients. Plasma proteins bound more cisplatin than hemoglobin, the respective maxima in the patients receiving greater than 50 mg/m2 being 27.7 and 1.6 ng/mg protein in samples drawn immediately after treatment. The kinetics of disappearance of Pt from plasma proteins showed several components; the initial half-life was about 5-7 days. The disappearance of Pt from hemoglobin showed a single component of a half-life of 12-14 days.
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PMID:Determination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in plasma proteins and hemoglobin of cancer patients. 281

Using 31P-MR spectroscopy spectra with good signal-to-noise ratio were obtained in five different types of tumours (Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, malignant melanoma, metastases from a squamous cell carcinoma, parotid adenoma). Surface coils were used. Short- and long-term follow-up after chemotherapy was possible in some cases. In the short-term follow-up, changes in the phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate resonances could be observed within minutes after the start of the infusion. In the longer follow-ups, changes in phosphodiester and phosphomonoester resonances were observed within two days. There were no significant changes in tissue pH during treatment, but increased pH values were observed in all tumours.
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PMID:[In vivo 31 phosphorus spectroscopy of tumors: pre-, intra- and post-therapy]. 284 3

One hundred and ninety six thoracotomies were performed on 152 patients with pulmonary metastases up to 1988 in the Second Surgical Department, University of Vienna. Age ranged from 2 to 78 years, 13 patients were younger than 18 years. The primary tumour was carcinoma in 103 cases, sarcoma in 38 cases and melanoma in 11 cases. The primary tumour in young patients was osteosarcoma in 7 cases, Ewing sarcoma in 2 and Wilms tumour in 2 cases. With a minimal follow-up period of 2.5 years the actuarial 5 years survival rate of 37% was observed for carcinoma, and 29% for sarcoma patients. A statistical difference was found between the carcinoma and sarcoma groups with respect to survival rate; the prognosis for patients with melanoma was markedly worse. A prognostic factor was the duration of disease-free interval in carcinoma patients. Actuarial post-thoracotomy survival in patients with osteogenic sarcoma was 32% at 5 years and only 10% in the soft-tissue sarcoma group. Size of lesions, vitality of the metastases and disease-free interval correlated with survival in the osteogenic group, whilst the number of lesions was of importance in the soft-tissue group. On account of the lesser functional morbidity and the ability to assess both lungs for exploration, palpation and resections, the importance of median sternotomy is constantly increasing for the treatment of pulmonary metastatic disease and the results justify an aggressive approach. In those cases which the primary tumour is sensitive to chemotherapy the procedure of metastatic resection must be incorporated into the general scheme of oncological therapy.
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PMID:[Resection of pulmonary metastases: indications, surgical technic, results and prognostic factors]. 291 41

The specificity of a proliferation-inducing effect of lithium was investigated. Cell lines of embryonal and adult solid tumors as well as fibroblasts were cultured in lithium-concentrations ranging from 0,5 to 5,0 mmol/l. Neuroblastoma-cell-lines SK-N-SH, SK-N-LO, IMR 32, osteosarcoma-cell-line SAOS 2, melanoma-line IgR 3 and a fibroblast-line were used in this study. Cell proliferation was measured with a 3H-TdR-incorporation-assay and a tumor-stem cell-assay, the fibroblast-proliferation was measured following growth as monolayer respectively. No stimulation of proliferation was observed. The data of this in vitro study are basic for the clinical evaluation of the benefit of lithium in attenuation of chemotherapy induced leukopenia in patients with solid tumors.
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PMID:[Effect of lithium on the proliferation of fibroblasts and tumor cell lines in vitro]. 298 11


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