Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The two-drug combination of cyclophosphamide plus adriamycin was found to be therapeutically potentiating against four different C3H mammary tumor lines, the B16 melanoma, the Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, and the P388 leukemia. The potentiation was not schedule dependent.
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PMID:Cyclophosphamide-adriamycin combination chemotherapy of transplantable murine tumors. 113 24

The clinical manifestations of Gardner's syndrome were studied in 280 patients from 11 families. Forty-five per cent of the patients at risk inherited the syndrome. Forty-one patients had carcinoma of the intestine develop, with only a 27 per cent survival rate for this type cancer. Eight per cent of the patients with the syndrome showed peritoneal fibrosis and fibrous tumors. They also had carcinomas of the ampulla of Vater, liver, bldder and ovary develop as well as osteogenic sarcoma. The patients without the syndrome had carcinomas of the pancreas and breast develop as well as melanoma and leukemia. Twelve of the 16 patients having had a colectomy and ileoproctostomy showed regression of the remaining polyps of the rectum.
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PMID:Gardner's syndrome. 115 13

Partial mandibulectomy was performed for the treatment of benign or malignant oral tumors in 142 dogs. Forty-two dogs with a benign tumor (ameloblastoma) had a 22.5 month (range, 6 to 74 months) median disease-free interval, with a 97% 1-year survival rate; there was local recurrence in one dog. Twenty-four dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had a disease-free interval of 26 months (range, 6 to 84 months), with a 91% 1-year survival rate; recurrence and metastasis developed in two dogs and metastatic disease in one dog. Based on survival curves, 37 dogs with a melanoma had a median survival time of 9.9 months (range, 1 to 36 months), with a 21% 1-year survival rate; 20 dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrent or metastatic disease. Twenty dogs with osteosarcoma had a median survival time of 13.6 months (range, 3 to 28 months), with a 35% 1-year survival rate; nine dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrent or metastatic disease. Nineteen dogs with fibrosarcoma had median survival time of 10.6 months (range, 3 to 32 months), with a 50% 1-year survival rate; 12 dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrent or metastatic disease. Results of this and previous studies demonstrated that partial mandibulectomy was effective in prolonging survival and decreasing recurrence for squamous cell carcinoma and ameloblastoma. Progressive disease and corresponding low survival times were common in dogs with melanoma, osteosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma. There were no differences in survival times or the progression of disease among five partial hemimandibulectomy procedures. The high rates of recurrence and metastasis in dogs with these tumors suggest a need for evaluation of ancillary chemotherapy and local radiation therapy to decrease the prevalence of progressive disease.
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PMID:Results of partial mandibulectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 142 dogs. 136 22

An anti-cell adhesion globulin was purified from human plasma by heparin-affinity chromatography. The purified globulin inhibited spreading of osteosarcoma and melanoma cells on vitronectin, and of endothelial cells, platelets, and mononuclear blood cells on vitronectin or fibrinogen. It did not inhibit cell spreading on fibronectin. The protein had the strongest antiadhesive effect when preadsorbed onto the otherwise adhesive surfaces. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the globulin is cleaved (kinin-free) high molecular weight kininogen (HKa). Globulin fractions from normal plasma immunodepleted of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) or from an individual deficient of HK lacked adhesive activity. Uncleaved single-chain HK preadsorbed at neutral pH, HKa preadsorbed at pH greater than 8.0, and HKa degraded further to release its histidine-rich domain had little anti-adhesive activity. These results indicate that the cationic histidine-rich domain is critical for anti-adhesive activity and is somehow mobilized upon cleavage. Vitronectin was not displaced from the surface by HKa. Thus, cleavage of HK by kallikrein results in both release of bradykinin, a potent vasoactive and growth-promoting peptide, and formation of a potent anti-adhesive protein.
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PMID:Inhibition of cell adhesion by high molecular weight kininogen. 137 Apr 94

Hemimaxillectomy was performed in 69 dogs for the treatment of benign or malignant maxillary tumors. Eighteen dogs with ameloblastomas had a median disease-free interval of 21.5 months (range, 1 to 76 months), with a 72% 1-year survival time. There was recurrence in three dogs, with metastasis after malignant transformation in one of them. Based on calculated survival curves, seven dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had a median survival time of 19.2 months (range, 2 to 24 months), with a 57% 1-year survival time. There was local recurrence in two dogs. Twenty-three dogs with melanoma had a median survival time of 9.1 months (range, 1 to 46 months), and a 27% 1-year survival time. Twelve dogs died or were euthanatized because of recurrence or metastases. Fifteen dogs with fibrosarcoma had a median survival time of 12.2 months. Eight dogs died or were euthanatized because of recurrence or metastases. Six dogs with osteosarcoma had a median survival time of 4.6 months (range, 1 to 12.5 months), with a 17% 1-year survival time. Five dogs died or were euthanatized for recurrence or metastases. Tumor size or location and type of partial maxillectomy performed did not affect survival.
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PMID:Hemimaxillectomy for the treatment of oral tumors in 69 dogs. 141 65

Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract were identified by esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 14 patients. Malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer were the most common primary cancers in four, three, and three patients, respectively. Osteogenic sarcoma, renal cell carcinoma, Meckel cell carcinoma of the skin, and germ-cell tumor were the primary cancer in the remaining four. The esophagus was involved in three patients, the stomach in 13, duodenum in four, and papilla of Vater in one. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia were the most common presenting features. There was correlation between symptoms and endoscopic findings in all patients. Involvement of gastrointestinal tract at endoscopy was the initial and only evidence of metastases in all patients without evidence of metastases elsewhere, as evidenced by other diagnostic tests in any of these patients. Endoscopic biopsies and/or brush cytology provided histologic diagnosis in all 14 patients. The endoscopic and nonendoscopic literature regarding metastases to the upper gastrointestinal tract is reviewed.
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PMID:Metastatic tumors to the upper gastrointestinal tract: endoscopic experience. 962 52

Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane proteins with large ectodomains and a short cytoplasmic tail inside the cell. They mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins and to the surfaces of other cells. In many cases the sequence recognised by the integrins in the extracellular matrix proteins is the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD). Short synthetic peptides containing this sequence can inhibit invasion in vitro and tumour dissemination in vivo. Thus, the alpha 5 beta 1 fibronectin binding integrin appears to be the key integrin in the invasion of at least melanoma, osteosarcoma and glioblastoma cells. Modulation of the level and activities of this integrin can suppress invasion, whereas the alpha v beta 3 vitronectin binding integrin appears to be associated with increased invasiveness. There is increasing evidence that some of these effects are mediated through signals elicited by the binding of integrins to their target proteins. This possibility has generated a great deal of interest in the cytoplasmic molecules that might mediate the integrin-associated signalling.
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PMID:The Walter Herbert Lecture. Control of cell motility and tumour invasion by extracellular matrix interactions. 150 96

The uncontrolled growth of metastases is a major cause of death from melanoma. Metastases arise from the nonrandom spread of specialized malignant cells that preexist within a primary neoplasm. Macrophages are activated to become tumoricidal by interaction with phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) containing immunomodulators recognize and destroy neoplastic cells in vitro and in vivo while leaving nonneoplastic cells unharmed. The mechanism(s) by which macrophages discriminate between tumorigenic and normal cells is independent of tumor cell characteristics such as immunogenicity, metastatic potential, and sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs. Moreover, macrophage destruction of tumor cells apparently is not associated with the development of tumor cell resistance. Intravenously administered liposomes are cleared from the circulation by phagocytic cells. The administration of such liposomes has been shown to activate macrophages in situ and to bring about eradication of cancer metastases in several experimental tumor systems and in dogs with spontaneous osteogenic sarcoma. Macrophage destruction of metastases in vivo is significant, provided that the tumor burden at the start of treatment is minimal. For this reason, we have been investigating various methods to achieve maximal cytoreduction in metastases by modalities such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy prior to systemic activation of macrophages. Macrophage-directed therapy has been studied in several human protocols, yielding important biological information about the safe use of liposome-encapsulated macrophage activators in cancer patients.
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PMID:Therapy of disseminated melanoma by liposome-activated macrophages. 156 9

To identify the sites important for the different biological activities of human interleukin-1 alpha (hIL-1 alpha), 56 single-amino acid-substituted mutants of hIL-1 alpha were produced in Escherichia coli using site-directed mutagenesis, and were examined for their biological activities such as mouse lymphocyte activating factor activity (LAF activity), cytostatic activity against human melanoma cells A-375 (A375 activity) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) inducing activity in human osteosarcoma cells MG-63 (PEI activity). Two amino acid residues, Asp26 and Asp151, were found to be important for these activities. The replacement of Asp26 by Val caused a decrease in LAF and PEI activities by one or two orders of magnitude and a slight decrease in A375 activity. The Tyr or Phe substitution for Asp151 caused decreases in LAF and A375 activities by one or two orders of magnitude and complete loss of PEI activity. The change from Asp151 to Lys or Arg resulted in marked decrease in LAF activity and complete loss of A375 and PEI activities. Since Asp26 and Asp151 are close to each other in the three-dimensional structure, the region involving these amino acids seems to be important for the biological activities of hIL-1 alpha.
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PMID:Structure-activity relationships in human interleukin-1 alpha: identification of key residues for expression of biological activities. 159 72

Reviewing the treatment perspectives with chemo- and immunotherapy in carcinomas and sarcomas to be treated by general or orthopedic surgeons, the following indications are regarded as recommendable: Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with radiation in anal carcinoma and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy of high-grade malignant osteosarcoma. Isolation perfusion currently is the treatment of choice in melanoma metastasis limited to an extremity. With several indications, recent developments have produced promising results that should be urgently confirmed in appropriate studies. Therefore the following studies have a high priority: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in esophageal carcinoma and in locally advanced breast and stomach cancer, adjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in colon carcinoma UICC III and chemoradiation in rectal carcinoma UICC II and III, systemic chemotherapy of metastasized stomach-, colorectal-, breast cancer and sarcomas. Isolated non-resectable liver metastases of colorectal origin and hepatocellular carcinoma should be included in studies evaluating the treatment advantage of regional chemotherapy. Those malignant "surgical" tumors not listed above should receive chemotherapy within experimental studies, after consideration of individual risk factors, or no chemotherapy. Immunotherapy with its various modalities is still in the experimental stage.
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PMID:[What is confirmed in chemo- and immunotherapy of solid tumors. Standard protocols, studies and new developments]. 160 55


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