Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1965 and 1988, at the Children's Hospital of Buenos Aires, 22 children developed two successive malignant tumors of different histology. The first tumor was diagnosed between 3 months and 12 years of age: 13 retinoblastoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 2 Hodgkin disease, 1 brain stem glioma, 1 endodermal sinus tumor and 1 Ewing sarcoma. Familial cancer was registered in 6 patients. Children were treated with surgery, intensive chemo and radiotherapy. The second malignancy developed after 2 to 13 years: 10 osteosarcoma, 2 Ewing sarcoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 glioblastoma, 1 medulloblastoma, 1 synoviosarcoma, 1 fibrosarcoma, 1 thyroid carcinoma, 1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 1 acute myeloblastic leukemia. In 17 patients, the tumor developed in irradiated field. There was no evidence of the first tumor and only 1 patient was still under chemotherapy. Oncologic treatment was frustrating for these second tumors and 18 children died. Three are alive with no evidence of disease at 2 years, 2 years and 4 months and 3 years after diagnosis. One patient was lost to follow-up. It if postulated that second malignant tumors are consecutive to genetic predisposition and/or to the oncogenic effect of chemo and radiotherapy. The intensity of each treatment modality must be reduced as much as possible to obtain survival while limiting the secondary effects.
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PMID:[Second malignant tumor in children. Report of 22 cases]. 210 57

Studies were made on the appearance of second malignant tumors (SMT) in children followed in a pediatric hospital at metropolitan Santiago, Chile, between years 1968 and 1987. A retrospective analysis identified SMT in 7 of 430 patients who survived a childhood cancer (incidence 1.62%). An 8th patient was added, whose first neoplasm was treated in another hospital. The initial diagnosis in the affected children were medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, Wilm's tumor retinoblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's disease and, in two cases, acute lymphocytic leukemias. The age range was 6 months to 11 years. Treatment was done by surgery in 5/8, chemotherapy in 7/8 and radiotherapy in all patients. The latent period between the diagnosis of the first cancer and the diagnosis of the SMT was 3.5 to 12 years (median 8.5 years). Osteosarcomas were the most frequent SMT (5/8). The other SMT were a rhabdomyosarcoma, a non Hodgkin lymphoma and an astrocytoma. The majority of SMT were located in the area of prior radiotherapy (6/8). In the other two cases, one had an osteosarcoma, after a bilateral retinoblastoma, which grew outside the previously treated area, and the last one consisted of a lymphoma which was identified 9 years after an acute lymphocytic leukemia. Only 3/8 SMT patients are alive after 14.21 and 34 months follow up. The other children died between 11 and 20 months after diagnosis of SMT. Notwithstanding these kinds of outcome, benefits of therapy for patients with primary tumors greatly outweight the later risk of cancer induction in a small proportion of them.
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PMID:[Second cancer in pediatric patients]. 213 86

Survival rates were analysed for a population-based series of over 15,000 childhood cancers registered in Great Britain during 1971-85. There were highly significant improvements (P less than 0.001 for trend) in survival for many major diagnostic groups. Between 1971-73 and 1983-85 the actuarial 5-year survival rates increased from 37% to 70% for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 4% to 26% for acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia, from 76% to 88% for Hodgkin's disease, from 22% to 70% for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, from 61% to 72% for astrocytoma, from 24% to 42% for medulloblastoma, from 15% to 43% for neuroblastoma, from 58% to 79% for Wilms' tumour, from 17% to 54% for osteosarcoma, from 26% to 61% for rhabdomyosarcoma, from 59% to 94% for malignant testicular germ-cell tumours and from 43% to 77% for malignant ovarian germ-cell tumours. These increases in population-based survival rates reflect the substantial advances in treatment of a wide range of childhood cancers since 1970. The two principal diagnostic groups for which there was no evidence of any trend were retinoblastoma, which already had an excellent prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 85%, and Ewing's sarcoma, for which the survival rate remained below 45%.
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PMID:Trends in survival for childhood cancer in Britain diagnosed 1971-85. 217 43

Thymidylate synthase was identified at the cellular level using anti-thymidylate synthase monoclonal antibody (M-TS-4) developed against HeLa cell line. HeLa cells, 9L rat gliosarcoma cells, and some of human brain tumor cells (medulloblastoma, metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer and osteosarcoma) were cultured in complete medium for 72 hr and fixed with 10% buffered formalin. These were covered with 1:20 dilution of M-TS-4 in Burridge buffer and 1% bovine serum albumin for 4 or 24 hr. After rinsing twice with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS), the cell staining was made with avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC). In addition, HeLa cells were exposed to 2 microCi/ml of tritiated thymidine for 30 min, cultured again for 0 to 5 hr, and subjected to autoradiography after M-TS-4 staining with ABC. All cells were stained satisfactorily with ABC except 9L rat gliosarcoma cells. Autoradiography revealed that 38% of the cells were stained with ABC, 28% were labeled with tritiated thymidine, while only 8% of the cells were stained simultaneously at 0 hr specimen. However, the cells labeled with both agents subsided when the cells were incubated in complete medium for 1 or 2 hr before fixation. Therefore, thymidylate synthase appears to exist mainly in G1-phase and to subside in early S-phase. Although the number of thymidylate synthase positive cells was greater than that of the cells labeled with tritiated thymidine, the ratio was constant (r = 0.99). The fraction of S-phase can be estimated from that of thymidylate synthase positive cells. Thymidylate synthase positive cell fraction may become another important segment for cell cycle analysis.
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PMID:[Cell kinetic studies using monoclonal antibody to thymidylate synthase]. 244 34

Between 1950 and 1984 out of 57.393 women who delivered at the First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catania University Medical School, Catania, Italy, 40 cases of malignant neoplasia were diagnosed with an incidence of one case in 1.434 deliveries. The most frequent neoplasias is cervix carcinoma (21 cases; 52.5%), followed by breast cancer (6 cases; 15%), ovarian cancer (4 cases; 10%) and leukemia (4 cases; 10%). There was very rare association with Hodgkin disease (2 cases; 5%), osteosarcoma (1 case; 2.5%), medulloblastoma (1 case; 2.5%), and skin melanoma (1 case; 2.5%). Since cancer of the uterine cervix is the most frequent neoplasia (one cases out of 2.733 deliveries), cervical smear should be performed during pregnancy in women that never performed it.
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PMID:[Cancer and pregnancy. Retrospective study on the frequency in 57,393 deliveries]. 276 32

The normal range of glucose-phosphate-isomerase (GPI) in the plasma of children during the first month of life is up to 80 U/l; until the end of the second year of life between 11 and 50 U/l; thereafter the upper limit is 46 U/l. In osteogenic sarcoma or medulloblastoma there is a good correlation between activity of GPI in plasma and clinical tumor stage. In a lot of other tumors sensitivity of this enzyme is either very low as in Ewing-sarcoma or myeloic leukemia or there is no consistent relation to the extent of the tumor. High activities of GPI are equally obtained in children suffering from cystic fibrosis, diabetes mellitus or muscular dystrophy. GPI is not valid as a tumor marker even being raised in sarcoma and medulloblastoma as mentioned. So it is not necessary to check GPI activity as a part of routine enzyme chemistry.
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PMID:[Behavior of glucosephosphate isomerase in children with malignant diseases]. 346 43

A phase I study of carboplatin (CBDCA) was performed in 40 children with advanced cancer. A single course of CBDCA consisted of 4 weekly 1-hour infusions followed by a 2-week rest. The starting dose of 100 mg/m2/week was 66% of the maximum tolerated dose in adults. Escalated dose levels given were: 125, 150, 175, and 210 mg/m2. Myelosuppression was dose limiting, with thrombocytopenia more pronounced than leukopenia. There was no evidence of cumulative toxicity. The maximum tolerated dose for children with solid tumors was 210 mg/m2/week X 4. Other side effects included transient nausea and vomiting at the higher dose levels and non-dose-related, reversible changes in creatinine clearance. One patient developed hives. No hepatic toxicity was seen. Among the 28 evaluable patients with solid tumors, one of ten with osteogenic sarcoma had complete disappearance of a lung nodule for 15+ months. Two of four patients with medulloblastoma had partial responses by clinical and computerized tomographic scan for 4 and 10 months. All three responders had received prior cisplatin therapy. CBDCA has major advantages over cisplatin in terms of reduced toxicity. Responses observed in patients previously treated with cisplatin are encouraging. The recommended phase II dose for children with solid tumors is 175 mg/m2/week X 4 with a 2-week rest.
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PMID:Phase I study of carboplatin (CBDCA) in children with cancer. 352 46

The review summarizes the most recent results obtained with present combined adjuvant strategy for the treatment of resectable cancer. Recent important randomized clinical trials, either unicentric or polycentric, are discussed. As far as pediatric tumors are concerned post-surgical adjuvant chemotherapy was proved to play a useful role in prolonging the disease-free survival in Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma. Results obtained in the treatment of medulloblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma need further investigations. In adult neoplasms the most important results with combined modality approach are presently being obtained in breast cancer and probably in melanoma. No consistent improvement by adjuvant chemotherapy has been observed in colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapies of postsurgical minimal residual disease. 625 19

We report the case of an 8 1/2-year-old boy who, after successful treatment for osteosarcoma, had a fatal medulloblastoma. We discuss the possible causes for such an association.
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PMID:Double primary malignancies: osteosarcoma and medulloblastoma. 658 49

Multidrug resistance represents one of the most important factors that may lead to a therapeutic failure in some patients affected by malignancies. One of the best known mechanisms is linked to the genic amplification or the overproduction of a membrane glycoprotein, GP170, that is the product of the gene MDR1. The existence of drugs (calcium blockers, cyclosporine, tamoxifen, reserpine, quinidine) able to bind themselves to gp170 and to paralyze its activity in vitro is well known. We studied 20 pediatric patients (median age 9 years) affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma, in advanced stage of disease. We employed in all cases the association of cytostatics with verapamil (50-70 mg/m2 i.v.) and cyclosporine (5-8 mg/kg i.v.) with different infusion schedules. In leukemias we administered vincristine (1.5 mg/m2), and daunomycin (40 mg/m2), in solid tumors VP16 (150 mg/m2) and adriamycin (60 mg/m2). Seventy-two therapeutic courses were performed: 39 in ALL, 16 in osteosarcoma, 16 in neuroblastoma and 1 in medulloblastoma. On the whole 5 complete remissions were achieved in ALL patients and 1 in an osteosarcoma patient. We did not observe a significant myelosuppression during treatment, therefore few infectious complications occurred; furthermore electrocardiographic changes have been mild and promptly resolved after temporary discontinuation of verapamil infusion. Our data suggest a synergy of verapamil and cyclosporine in the inhibition of multidrug resistance induced by gp170, without the occurrence of heavy toxicity. The results obtained in ALL patients are encouraging., especially in view of a possible subsequent bone marrow transplantation, while in solid tumors they are not as satisfying.
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PMID:[Use of cyclosporin and verapamil in association with chemotherapy in the treatment of pediatric patients with advanced-stage neoplasms. A pilot study]. 780 68


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