Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a clinical phase II study 151 patients with refractory malignant diseases were treated with ifosfamide (60 mg/kg/day i.v. days 1-5, q 21-28 days). Altogether, 490 courses of treatment were given, 92 with conventional prophylactic measures (continuous infusion of 3-4 litre physiological saline plus alkalinization of the urine) and 398 with mesna prophylaxis (12 mg/kg i.v., 0, 4 and 8 h after administration of ifosfamide). The overall response rate (min. 25% tumor reduction) was 67/151 (44%) including four complete remissions in a fairly unfavourable patient group with testicular teratoma (39/87), soft tissue sarcoma (10/16), malignant melanoma (2/7), osteogenic sarcoma (3/6), Ewing's sarcoma (2/6), lymphoma and acute leukemia (5/7) or other histologies (6/22). The response rate in patients pretreated by cyclophosphamide containing regimen was 7/19 (36%) including one complete remission and one partial remission. Mesna was highly effective in reducing the frequency of hemorrhagic cystitis from 25/92 (27%) to 16/398 (4%) ifosfamide courses. The antitumor activity of ifosfamide in testicular cancer was not reduced by mesna. In conclusion, ifosfamide with the potent uroprotector mesna appears to compare favourably with the most active agents in the treatment of malignant diseases.
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PMID:Efficacy of ifosfamide in refractory malignant diseases and uroprotection by mesna: results of a clinical phase II-study with 151 patients. 641

Two patients, aged 24 and 19 years, who had undifferentiated lymphoma, developed the acute onset of focal neurologic deficits 10 days after treatment with moderate-dose methotrexate (2.76 g/m2 by 42-hour intravenous infusion) and 12.5 mg of intrathecal methotrexate. Prior chemotherapy also included intravenous cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, oral prednisone, and intrathecal cytosine arabinoside. Dysarthria with left hemiparesis was noted in one patient and inability to speak and quadriparesis in the other. Cerebrospinal fluid and cranial computerized tomography results were normal; however, EEGs showed focal abnormalities in both patients. Full neurologic recovery occurred within 48 hours. These symptoms developed early in the course of treatment and have not recurred in one patient who continued to receive the same regimen. The mechanism for this neurologic dysfunction is unclear. A similar picture has been reported in patients receiving high-dose methotrexate (8-10 g/m2) for osteogenic sarcoma.
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PMID:Transient neurologic dysfunction following moderate-dose methotrexate for undifferentiated lymphoma. 647 34

During the past 2 years percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy has been employed to help establish or confirm diagnosis in 32 infants and children. A 22-gauge needle is used to aspirate the site of suspected disease. For lesions inside the chest or abdomen, the needle is guided with the help of fluoroscopy, ultrasound, or computed tomography (CT) scan. Nineteen of the 32 patients had malignant disease, including lymphoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and leukemia. In all patients with solid tumors, tissue obtained at operation confirmed the accuracy of the diagnosis. In seven children with suspiciously enlarged lymph nodes, an open biopsy was avoided when the needle aspirate was clearly benign. In four children, the early appearance of metastatic or recurrent malignancy was confirmed without the need for open biopsy. In this small series, there were no false-negative or false-positive needle aspirates, and no complications directly related to the procedure. The skill and experience of the cytopathologist is essential to the success of this technique. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy is a safe and reliable alternative method of establishing a diagnosis in infants and children with suspected malignant disease.
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PMID:The usefulness of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy in infants and children. 657 17

The value of new morphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors is demonstrated in a number of cases. In round cell malignancies (Ewing's sarcoma, malignant lymphoma, neuroblastoma, and anaplastic plasmacytoma) diagnostic accuracy can be improved by electron microscopic and immunohistochemical techniques. New methods are also of value in differentiating the metastatic carcinoma from malignant bone primaries. Electron microscopy may show epithelial cell features (ie, gland structures, desmosomes, and tonofilaments), while immunohistologic investigation of the cytoskeleton may facilitate differentiation of epithelial cells (positive for prekeratin) from mesenchymal cells (positive for vimentin). In the differential diagnosis of typical bone tumors, however, such as osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, the value of enzyme histochemical, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical methods appears somewhat restricted: alkaline phosphatase activity may be increased in both chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma; collagen type II, the cartilage-specific collagen, is found not only in chondrosarcoma but in osteosarcoma as well. Moreover, osteosarcomas may contain a considerable number of macrophages and histiocytes, and so this feature is worthless in distinguishing osteosarcoma from malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A new approach for appraising the malignancy of bone tumors may be through flow cytometric investigation of nuclear DNA content. Osteosarcomas reveal DNA aneuploidies in more than 80% of cases, with a large proportion of cells in the S phase. These features may prove valuable for discerning osteosarcoma from myositis ossificans. In contrast to typical giant cell tumor of bone, a rare case of malignant giant cell tumor showed aneuploid cell lines indicating the malignant nature of the tumor.
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PMID:New cytomorphologic methods in the diagnosis of bone tumors: possibilities and limitations. 660 Jan 11

The effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on cardiac function were studied in 33 patients with acute leukemia (16 cases), neuroblastoma (5 cases), osteosarcoma (4 cases), malignant lymphoma (3 cases), rhabdomyosarcoma (3 cases) and malignant histiocytosis (2 cases). The left ventricular function was evaluated by serial echocardiographic assessment. Ejection fraction (E.F.) and shortening fraction (S.F.) of left ventricule were calculated from echocardiographic measurements. Seven of 33 cases (21.2%) revealed the decrease of E.F. and S.F. There was the significant correlation between total doses of daunomycin and E.F. Three patients died of severe congestive heart failure probably due to daunomycin administration. Usually, cardiac dysfunction caused by these drugs has improved within 3 months after the discontinuation.
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PMID:[Effects of adriamycin and daunomycin on cardiac functions]. 663

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging was performed in 10 children with intrathoracic disease. Entities imaged included mediastinal lymphoma and neuroblastoma, pulmonary metastases from hepatoblastoma and osteogenic sarcoma, hemorrhagic pleural effusion, and nonmalignant disease such as abscess, cystic fibrosis, and bronchogenic cyst. MR imaging was particularly valuable in delineating mediastinal and parenchymal masses from adjacent vascular structures without the need for contrast material enhancement. However, MR was insensitive to lesion calcification. Since pulmonary vessels give very low signal, differentiation of high-intensity pulmonary nodules from vessels is readily apparent. For similar reasons, MR was excellent in distinguishing endobronchial mucus plugs from peripheral pulmonary vessels.
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PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the thorax in childhood. Work in progress. 669 Nov 2

Postradiation sarcoma of bone is an uncommon but serious sequela of radiation therapy. Seventy-eight Mayo Clinic patients have been treated for sarcomas arising in irradiated bones. They received their initial radiotherapy for a wide variety of nonneoplastic and neoplastic conditions, both benign and malignant. Thirty-five sarcomas arose in bone that was normal at the time of radiotherapy, and 43 arose in irradiated preexisting osseous lesions. The latent period between radiotherapy and diagnosis of sarcoma averaged 14.3 years. Ninety percent of the postradiation sarcomas were either osteosarcomas or fibrosarcomas; chondrosarcoma, malignant (fibrous) histiocytoma, malignant lymphoma, Ewing's tumor, and metastasizing chondroblastoma also occurred. Prompt radical surgery, when feasible, is usually the treatment of choice for the sarcoma. About 30% of patients with sarcomas of the extremities or craniofacial bones survived 5 years without recurrence; there were no disease-free survivors among patients with tumors of the vertebral column, pelvis, or shoulder girdle. The low risk of sarcoma following radiotherapy for the treatment of cancer should not be a contraindication to its use in these patients; however, radiation therapy for benign bone tumors should be reserved for lesions that are not amenable to surgical treatment. An unusual case is also reported herein in which a fibrosarcoma was discovered in the humerus of a patient who had received radiotherapy 55 years previously for a verified osteosarcoma in the same site.
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PMID:Postradiation sarcoma of bone: review of 78 Mayo Clinic cases. 693 53

Spinal cord compression is a rare but serious complication of malignant diseases in children. Epidural cord compression was noted in 81 patients within the past 17 years at this center. The complication developed at different times during the course of the primary disease. For 29 of our patients, cord dysfunction was one of the initial signs of cancer--Ewing sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Hodgkin disease, and malignant lymphoma. By contrast, for most of the patients with osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma, it appeared later in their clinical course. The treatment outcome of patients who were paraplegia with complete loss of sensory function for greater than or equal to 48 hours was poor. Only four of 22 in this group became ambulatory. Ten patients with osteosarcoma did not undergo laminectomies because they all had multiple metastases and terminal disease. Paraplegia developed in all ten. There was no difference in ambulatory rates among other patients, with or without laminectomies.
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PMID:Metastatic epidural tumors in children. 695 58

9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride (CL 216942; bisantrene hydrochloride; NSC 337766), a member of a new chemical class of compounds with antineoplastic properties, has been evaluated for antitumor activity in experimental murine tumor systems. The compound produced significant increases in life span (LS) and long-term survivors among mice bearing transplantable leukemias and solid tumors. Optimal treatment regimens resulted in an ILS of greater than 173 and 151% in mice with P388 and L1210 leukemia, respectively, an ILS of greater than 85% in mice with Lieberman plasma cell tumor, and an ILS of greater than 200, 150, and 63%, respectively, in mice with B16 melanoma, colon tumor 26, and Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma. An adriamycin-resistant subline of P388 leukemia showed complete cross-resistance to CL of 216942. The compound was active when administered by the i.p., i.v., and s.c. routes, but p.o. activity was not observed. Significant schedule dependency was not observed when the drug was administered once daily for 9 days, once every 4 days, or as a single dose, but single doses typically produced the best effects. CL 216942 was a potent inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis in L5178Y lymphoma cells cultured in vitro, and preliminary studies indicated the drug was a DNA-intercalating agent. The drug was cytotoxic for rapidly proliferating and nonproliferating (G0) human colon carcinoma WiDR cells in vitro.U
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PMID:Activity of a novel anthracenyl bishydrazone, 9,10-anthracenedicarboxyaldehyde Bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] dihydrochloride, against experimental tumors in mice. 705 99

The incidence of childhood cancer in Queensland has been studied using the data of the population-based Queensland Childhood Malignancy Registry. During the 7-year period 1973-1979, 454 cases were registered, giving an annual age-specific incidence of 11.34/10(5) for the age group 0-14 years inclusive. There was a male/female ratio of 1.36. The commonest group of diseases was that of the leukaemias, followed by that of CNS tumours. The incidences of the various types of tumour in Queensland have been compared with those from other reported series. The incidence of leukaemia was midway between that of U.S. whites and that of Manchester, while the incidences of lymphoma and Wilms' tumour were much closer to those of the United States. Ewing's tumour was considerably commoner than osteosarcoma.
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PMID:Incidence of childhood tumours in Queensland. 731 68


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