Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Children with acute leukemia often have erythrocytes with "fetal-like" features. To examine the relationship of the type and phase of the leukemia to this observation, we studied 39 children with newly diagnosed acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 5 with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). In addition, 22 patients were evaluated during chemotherapy, 3 off therapy, and 12 at the time of relapse. Macrocytosis and/or anisocytosis was noted in 70% of patients with ALL at the time of first diagnosis, 80% of patients with new ANLL, and greater than 90% of patients with ALL while on treatment. F cells were increased in 25% of ALL and 80% of ANLL at diagnosis and in 60% of ALL during chemotherapy. Hb F levels were elevated in 8, 40, and 30% of these groups, respectively. Nonleukemic controls for chemotherapy (six patients with osteogenic sarcoma) all had macrocytosis and/or anisocytosis, and 80% had increased F cell proportions. Features at relapse on chemotherapy were similar to those during treated remissions. Abnormal RBCs are more frequent at the time of diagnosis in ANLL, in which they may belong to the malignant clone, than in ALL, in which stress erythropoiesis and/or leukemic factors may be contributory. During chemotherapy, drug-related erythrocyte changes are added to those of leukemia itself. Thus, leukemia, chemotherapy, and the combination lead to erythrocytes with fetal-like features.
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PMID:Erythrocyte characteristics in childhood acute leukemia. 246 41

A patient with well-differentiated monoblastic leukemia (ANLL FAB-M5b) is described in whom acute leukemia was diagnosed 25 months after having completed postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma of the femur. All analyzed metaphases showed 48xy, dup 1(q12), +3, +9.
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PMID:Acute monoblastic leukemia as a second malignancy following chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma: a case report. 315 50

There has been a striking improvement in the overall numbers of children and adolescents who become disease-free and remain disease-free as a result of intensive therapy as defined today, for the following cancers: acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), poor risk acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. The therapy for each of these tumors, with the exception of osteosarcoma, consisted of combination chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and was started as soon after diagnosis as possible. Aggressive therapy of osteosarcoma has consisted of surgical removal of lung metastases and chemotherapy. Intensive chemotherapy recently has included the use of high doses of certain drugs such as cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), methotrexate, VP-16-213 and melphalan in the treatment of patients with tumors that are currently difficult to treat.
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PMID:Indications for and benefits of intensive therapies in treatment of childhood cancers. 352 34

The risk of second primary cancers developing was evaluated in individuals with 6 rare tumors in Connecticut between 1935 and 1982. Small but significant excesses of all second cancers occurred in patients with cutaneous melanoma (42%), and cancers of the brain (59%), thyroid (49%), connective tissue (23%), bone (66%), and eye (40%). In individuals with cutaneous melanoma, the highest risks were for subsequent cutaneous melanomas [relative risk (RR) = 8.5] that persisted throughout all intervals of observation. The risk for second melanomas was higher in persons under age 40, consistent with a heritable component. Connective tissue tumors and breast cancers also occurred in excess. Among patients with brain cancer, an increase of melanoma was observed that may represent an underlying neural crest abnormality, although no excess of brain cancer was seen after melanoma. Reciprocal increases of bone cancer after connective tissue cancer and connective tissue cancer after bone cancer point to shared risk factors, such as high dose radiotherapy or genetic susceptibility states. An anticipated high risk of osteogenic sarcoma following Ewing's sarcoma was not seen. An excess of breast cancer (RR = 1.9) after thyroid cancer indicates common etiologic factors. Expected excesses of bilateral retinoblastoma and bone cancer after retinoblastoma were seen. Tumors commonly treated with alkylating agents or nitrosoureas (melanoma, brain, connective tissue) showed slightly elevated risks of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Prostate cancer was frequently found to be in excess, but this is likely an artifact due to ascertainment bias.
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PMID:Second cancer following cutaneous melanoma and cancers of the brain, thyroid, connective tissue, bone, and eye in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 97

The principles of cancer chemotherapy applied to adult patients today have been substantially derived from experience of cancer in children. Studies of pediatric solid tumors also provided the first evidence that chemotherapy combined with surgery and/or radiotherapy could markedly enhance the curative potential of these local modalities. Conceptual advances in cancer chemotherapy revealed the superiority of intermittent chemotherapy over continuous low-dose therapy with respect to tumor cell kill and the recovery of normal cells. Childrens' Cancer and Leukemia Study Group of Japan applied intensive intermittent chemotherapy for maintenance therapy for leukemia, malignant lymphoma and to adjuvant chemotherapy for solid tumors. Event-free survival rate in treatment of childhood cancer by the Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, has markedly improved: ALL, 70%; malignant lymphoma, 50%; ANLL, 33%; hepato-blastoma, 100%; osteosarcoma, 65%; neuroblastoma, 54%; and rhabdomyosarcoma, 51%. The 14% rate for brain tumors was the only exception. Current Phase I and II trials based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in children were reviewed.
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PMID:[Current status in treatment of childhood cancer]. 766 60

This study was aimed to investigate the expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) in pediatric tumor and acute leukemia (AL), so as to understand the distribution of ICAM-1 and its clinical significance. The expression of ICAM-1 in tissues of 46 pediatric tumor patients were detected by immunohistochemistry, and in bone marrow cells of 60 pediatric acute leukemia (AL) patients were detected by flow cytometry. 46 pediatric tumor patients included 10 lymphoma, 3 hepatoblastoma, 6 neuroblastoma, 2 rhabdomyosarcoma, 6 Ewing's bone sarcoma, 2 fibrosarcoma, 5 primitive neuroectodermal tumor, 11 nephroblastoma and 1 osteosarcoma. 60 AL pediatric patients included 20 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) patients and 40 acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) patients containing 20 M1, M2, M3 patients and 20 M4, M5. The results indicated that expression of ICAM-1 was more positive in all 3 hepatoblastoma cases, which represent a higher positive rate than that in lymphoma, neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma of bone and osteosarcoma. However, no expression of ICAM-1 was observed in fibrosarcoma, nephroblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor patients. On the other hand, the expression rate of ICAM-1 was 55 in ALL, 65 in ANLL M1, M2, M3, and 50 in ANLL M4, M5. It is concluded that the expression of ICAM-1 in pediatric tumor and AL has variability. The ICAM-1 positive expression is observed in hepatoblastoma and ANLL M1, M2, M3 patients, whereas it is undetectable in fibrosarcoma, nephroblastoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor patients.
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PMID:[Expression of ICAM-1 (CD54) in pediatric tumor and acute leukemia and its clinic significance in immunotherapy with CIK cell]. 2254 Oct 82