Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the period between 1948-1963 a total of 3,200 tumor patients were treated in the First and Second Medical Clinics of Tg.-Mures. In these tumor patients as well as the skin cancer patients who were treated with radiotherapy the authors found in 1.5% of the patients a leukocytosis of more than 20,000. In the last ten years (1964-1974), however, in the Second Medical Clinic only, 5% of 516 tumor patients showed a leukocytosis exceeding 20,000. In the first group of patients (3,200 cases) 0.03% showed more than 50,000 leukocytes, in the other group of 516 patients 0.2% showed more than 50,000 leukocytes. These values point towards a leukemoid reaction. A shift to the left to the myelocytes or beyond in the blood picture was found in the Second Medical Clinic in 10% of patients with carcinoma during the year of 1974. In 6% of the cases erythroblasts in the peripheral blood were seen, too. This deviation occurred often independent of the total number of leukocytes and was of a temporary nature. During the same time (1949-1974) 128 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were treated in both departments as in-patients. 6 cases (i.e., 4.6%) had a chronic myelosis simultaneous with carcinoma, in one case together with an osteosarcoma. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by autopsy.
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PMID:[Association of chronic myelosis and cancer]. 106 57

Female ICR mice were injected intravenously with low activities of 239Pu (3.0 kBq, 6.0 kBq, 12.3 kBq/kg). In these mice with high spontaneous incidence of hemoblastoses the occurrence of myeloid leukemia, lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, reticulum-cell sarcomas and osteosarcoma was studied. Hemoblastoses, on the whole, remained in their numbers radiation-independent, nevertheless, the distribution into specific types changed, with moderate prevalence of myeloid and lymphocytic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. After plutonium injection the mean survival time of mice bearing myeloid and lymphocytic neoplasias was significantly shorter than the survival of mice that died of retothelosarcoma and from other causes. These contamination-dependent differences could not be observed in matched controls. As expected, 239Pu activities used in this experiment induced osteosarcomas. Whereas in leukemogenesis alpha-radiation appeared as a factor promoting and modifying the leukemogenic process, in osteosarcoma the alpha-particles acted rather as an initiator, the effect of which was dependent on the dose to the endosteal progenitor cells.
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PMID:Hemoblastoses in mice contaminated with low activities of 239Pu. 227 84

Malignant neoplasms known to develop following external beam radiation include squamous cell carcinoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, mixed mullerian tumors, malignant schwannoma, myelogenous leukemia and angiosarcoma. Latency periods of many years characterize the onset of these tumors following the exposure. Cutaneous angiosarcoma following radiotherapy for breast carcinoma has been rarely documented, occurring up to 13 years postirradiation. Two cases of this entity are reported occurring 37 months postradiotherapy at the site of mastectomy performed for mammary duct carcinoma.
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PMID:The rapid onset of cutaneous angiosarcoma after radiotherapy for breast carcinoma. 300 75

The classic function of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonally active form of vitamin D, is the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the blood. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 binds to a specific receptor protein and exerts its biologic action by a mechanism analogous to that proposed for other steroid hormones, that is, the receptor-ligand complex acts on the chromatin to induce transcription of specific genes. Intracellular receptors that bind 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 with high affinity have been found in a large number of tumor cell lines examined as melanoma, osteosarcoma, and human breast and colonic carcinoma cells. The 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor in these cells has characteristics similar to the receptor in bone and intestine, the known target tissues of the hormone. In fact, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the proliferation of melanoma, osteosarcoma, and breast carcinoma cells. More recently, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been shown to suppress the growth and induce monocytic differentiation of murine and human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. These results point to a previously unsuspected involvement of vitamin D in cell proliferation and differentiation and suggest that analogs of the vitamin D hormone may be of interest as possible therapeutic agents in the treatment of malignancy.
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PMID:The relationship between the vitamin D system and cancer. 303

Human T-cell populations specifically cytotoxic for autologous melanoma cells have been successfully generated from lymph node cells obtained from seven consecutive patients. The lymph node cells were stimulated in vitro with autologous irradiated melanoma cells; stimulation was repeated every 10-15 days at a tumor cell-to-lymphocyte ratio of approximately 1:20. Cytotoxic activity was assessed by a 4-hour 51Cr release assay. Mean lysis of autologous tumor cells was 47% at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 20:1, while mean lyses of the human myeloid leukemia cell line K562, allogeneic melanoma cells, and an osteosarcoma cell were 20%, 13%, and 11%, respectively. There was no lysis of autologous fibroblasts, fresh lymphocytes, or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blasts. Three grades of specificity developed sequentially. In grade I, lysis of autologous tumor cells exceeded lysis of allogeneic tumor cells but did not exceed lysis of K562 cells. In grade II, lysis of autologous tumor cells exceeded lysis of K562 cells and all allogeneic tumor cells tested. In grade III, potent lysis of autologous tumor cells (greater than 40%) exceeded lysis of K562 cells and of all allogeneic tumor cells tested. All seven lymphocyte populations reached or exceeded grade I. Six reached or exceeded grade II. Two progressed to grade III. The generated cells were T cells, as determined by phenotypic analysis with flow cytometry. CD4+ cells and CD8+ cells accounted for 83%-100% of the cells. CD8+ T cells were separated from CD4+ T cells by panning with OKT8 and OKT4 antibodies. The resulting CD8-enriched and CD4-enriched populations were compared as effectors in cytotoxicity assays. The results suggest that the cell responsible for lysis of autologous tumor cells is CD8+. The methods used in this study have repeatedly resulted in the successful generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specifically cytotoxic for autologous melanoma cells; it is suggested that these cells have potential application for adoptive immunotherapy of melanoma.
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PMID:Human cytotoxic T cells specific for autologous melanoma cells: successful generation from lymph node cells in seven consecutive cases. 326

We recently reported that the steroid hormone, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) can inhibit growth, alter morphology, and increase cell associated and medium concentrations of fibronectin (FN) in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells (Franceschi, R. T., James, W., and Zerlauth, G. (1985) J. Cell. Physiol. 123, 401-409). In the present study, we have tested the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 increases cellular adhesion by stimulating FN synthesis. Hormone treatment altered cell morphology and increased cell/substratum adhesion in MG-63 cells, effects which could be mimicked by exogenously added FN. 1,25-(OH)2D3-dependent increases in FN production were due to a rapid (within 12 h) increase in FN synthesis. Maximal (2 to 5-fold) stimulation was observed after 48 h. Hormone treatment did not alter apparent FN stability or distribution during this time. The FN response was specific to 1,25-(OH)2D3 when compared with other vitamin D metabolites. In contrast, triamcinolone acetonide, another known inducer of FN synthesis in certain cells, was only slightly stimulatory up to a concentration of 1 microM. FN mRNA, as measured by Northern blot hybridization, increased within 6 h of 1,25-(OH)2D3 addition with maximal (5-fold) induction seen at 24 h. 1,25-(OH)2D3 also stimulated FN synthesis in several other transformed cell lines (TE-85 human osteosarcomas, SW-480 human colon carcinomas, and HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells). These results may be related to known actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on cell differentiation and tumor metastasis.
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PMID:Regulation of cellular adhesion and fibronectin synthesis by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. 347 Feb 94

Patients receiving ionizing radiation therapy or cytotoxic chemotherapy are at increased risk of developing acute myelogenous leukemia. Ten cases of therapy-linked myelogenous leukemia have been reported in patients with sarcoma, and we report here the first case in a patient who received combined-modality therapy for treatment of an osteogenic sarcoma. As treatment for this disease becomes more intensive and survival improves, the incidence of leukemia following therapy for osteogenic sarcoma may increase.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia following radiation therapy and chemotherapy for osteogenic sarcoma. 658 34

Some results of long-term experiments performed in mice contaminated with 226Ra and 239Pu, especially the damage to the hemopoietic system and the incidence of osteosarcoma, are reported. Different degree of damage to the bone marrow hemopoiesis, depending on the arrangement of marrow cavities and the capability of stem cells to produce differentiated progeny are evaluated. This ability decreases with age and with duration of the contamination due to radionuclides. From the above aspects of radiation injury the ability of hemopoiesis to compensate the decreased production of differentiated peripheral cell forms is discussed. It is remarkable that myeloid leukemia occurred earlier and more frequently in 239Pu-contaminated animals than in controls. After the injection of plutonium-239, myeloid and lymphatic leukemias were diagnosed in most of the animals dying without osteosarcoma. These diseases represented a danger not lower than that of osteosarcoma which appeared in average later and the expected incidence of which was estimated to rise linearly with age. The findings are discussed from the aspect of their application in evaluating the risk resulting for man from the incorporated bone-seeking alpha emitters.
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PMID:Biological effects of bone-seeking alpha emitters with respect to the risk of internal contamination in man. 681 Dec 32

Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a stromal cell-derived cytokine with multiple biologic activities on lymphohematopoietic cells. It belongs to a family of pleiotropic and redundant cytokines that use the gp 130 transducing subunit in their high affinity receptors. By amplifying human cDNA libraries with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the conserved WSXWS motif found in the hematopoietic cytokine receptor family, a novel cytokine receptor cDNA was identified that, based on high (82%) sequence homology with the recently cloned murine IL-11 receptor, appears to encode the human IL-11 receptor. This receptor is a 422-amino acid protein containing a signal peptide followed by extracellular, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains. The extracellular region has a two-domain structure homologous to those of the IL-6 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptors: an immunoglobulin-like domain and a cytokine receptor-like domain. In addition, an isoform of the human IL-11 receptor that lacks the cytoplasmic domain was also identified. In agreement with the pleiotropic effects of IL-11 on different hematopoietic lineages and bone cells, IL-11 receptor transcripts were found to be expressed by the myelogenous leukemia cell line K562, the megakaryocytic leukemia cell line Mo7E, the erythroleukemia cell line TF1, and the osteosarcoma cell lines MG-63 and Saos-2.
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PMID:Molecular cloning of two isoforms of a receptor for the human hematopoietic cytokine interleukin-11. 767 98

In order to investigate the subnuclear interactions of the WT1 gene product, nuclear fractionation analyses were performed with human osteosarcoma HOS and myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. The WT1 protein was tightly associated with the nucleus and was resistant to high-salt or detergent extraction and DNase I digestion. Both the expression level and stability of WT1 and its resistance to high salt and DNase I treatments remained constant during the cell cycle. In addition, human WT1 ectopically expressed in mouse NIH3T3 cells was also resistant to these treatments. These results suggest that WT1 functions in tight association with the nuclear matrix.
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PMID:The Wilms tumor protein is persistently associated with the nuclear matrix throughout the cell cycle. 920 4


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