Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0029463 (osteosarcoma)
 16,637 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit antibodies to nucleoli isolated from HeLa cells produced bright nucleolar fluorescence in HeLa cells by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. After absorption with fetal bovine serum and placental nuclei, the IgG still produced bright nucleolar fluorescence in 12 human tumor cells including HeLa, HEp-2, cultures of prostate and mammary carcinomas, the Goldenberg GW-39 colon tumor, and biopsy specimens of prostatic, adrenal cortical, thyroid, and squamous cell carcinomas, a hairy cell leukemia of the spleen, a hepatic metastasis of an adenocarcinoma of the colon, and an osteogenic sarcoma. Bright nucleolar fluorescence was not produced in nine nontumor human cells including biopsy specimens of bone marrow, kidney, placenta, thyroid, liver, and prostate, peripheral blood buffy coat, and cultures of normal skin fibroblasts. Nucleolar fluorescence with the absorbed IgG was prevented in HeLa cells by pretreatment of the cells with acid, base, and proteases but not by pretreatment with nucleases; absorption of this IgG with extracts of HeLa nucleoli prevented the nucleolor fluorescence in HeLa and other human tumor cells.
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PMID:Nucleolar antigen found in several human tumors but not in the nontumor tissues studied. 28 13

Deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) activates several clinically important drugs, including the recently developed antileukaemic compound 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA). The distribution of dCK in cells and tissues has previously been determined by activity measurements, which may be unreliable because of the presence of other enzymes with overlapping substrate specificities. Therefore we have measured dCK polypeptide levels in extracts of normal and malignant human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, gastrointestinal tissues and sarcomas, using a specific immunoblotting technique, as well as the phosphorylation of CdA in the same extracts. High levels of dCK were found in all major subpopulations of normal mononuclear leucocytes (120 +/- 19 ng dCK/mg protein) and in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (81 +/- 30 ng/mg, n = 23). Hairy-cell leukaemia contained lower levels (28 +/- 23 ng/mg, n = 7), as did three samples of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (18 +/- 14 ng/mg). Phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of normal lymphocytes did not lead to any substantial increase in either dCK activity or protein expression (less than 2.5-fold). The human CEM wt T-lymphoblastoid cell line contained 56 +/- 1 ng/dCK/mg protein, while in the CEM ddC50 and AraC8D mutants that lack dCK activity, no dCK polypeptide could be detected. In colon adenocarcinomas, the dCK content was significantly higher (20 +/- 9 ng/mg, n = 20) than in normal colon mucosa (8 +/- 3.5 ng/mg, n = 19, P < 0.05). A similar pattern of dCK expression was found in gastric adenocarcinomas (21 +/- 13 ng/mg, n = 5) and normal stomach mucosa (6 +/- 5 ng/mg, n = 5, P < 0.15). One leiomyosarcoma and one extra-skeletal osteosarcoma showed dCK levels comparable with those found in normal lymphocytes (84 +/- 6 and 109 +/- 4 ng/mg, respectively), while other sarcoma samples contained lower levels, comparable to the gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (20 +/- 7 ng/mg, n = 12). Thus, dCK is expressed constitutively and predominantly in lymphoid cells, but it is also found in solid non-lymphoid tissues, with increased levels in malignant cells. The phosphorylation of CdA in crude extracts showed a close correlation to the dCK polypeptide level.
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PMID:Expression of deoxycytidine kinase and phosphorylation of 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine in human normal and tumour cells and tissues. 771 26

Deoxynucleoside kinases are key enzymes in deoxyribonucleoside salvage, activating several clinically important chemotherapeutic drugs. The four known kinases, cytosolic thymidine kinase (TK1) and deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and the mitochondrial thymidine kinase (TK2) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK), have been purified and characterized as to the subunit structure as well as specificity with a large number of analogs. These results are summarized and used to establish selective assays for the four enzymes in crude extracts of normal and malignant human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, gastrointestinal tissues and sarcomas. TK2 and dGK activities were found at low levels in all tissues, possibly correlated to the content of mitochondria. TK1 activity was detected only in samples containing a significant number of S phase cells. We have measured dCK activity as well as dCK polypeptide level by immuno blotting in these extracts. High levels of dCK were found in normal mononuclear leukocytes (91-145 ng dCK/mg protein) and in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (80 +/- 30 ng/mg, n = 23). Hairy cell leukemia contained lower levels (28 +/- 23 ng/mg, n = 7), as did unexpectedly three samples of T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (18 +/- 14 ng/mg). Phytohemaglutinine stimulation of normal lymphocytes did not lead to any substantial increase in either dCK activity or expression (less than 2.5-fold). In colon adenocarcinomas, the dCK content was significantly higher (21 +/- 9.3 ng/mg, n = 20) than in normal colon mucosa (8.2 +/- 3.7 ng/mg, n = 19, p < 0.05). A similar pattern of dCK expression was found in gastric adenocarcinomas (21 +/- 13 ng/mg, n = 5) and normal ventricular mucosa (6.2 +/- 5.4 ng/mg, n = 5, p < 0.15). One leiomyosarcoma and one extra-skeletal osteosarcoma showed a dCK levels comparable to those found in normal lymphocytes (84 +/- 6 and 109 +/- 4 ng/mg), while other sarcoma samples contained levels comparable to the gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas (20 +/- 7 ng/mg, n = 12). We confirm that dCK is expressed constitutively and predominantly in lymphoid cells, but conclude that a significant expression may be found in non-lymphoid tissues as well, with increased levels in the corresponding tumor tissue. 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine (CdA), an antileukemic agent used in treatment of hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL), is phosphorylated by dCK which was used as the selective substrate for this enzyme. A study was performed to investigate if there was a correlation between the dCK levels and the response to CdA treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Properties and levels of deoxynucleoside kinases in normal and tumor cells; implications for chemotherapy. 794 71

We cloned the human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) gene from human osteosarcoma cells (Saos-2), and produced recombinant human TRAP (rhTRAP) using a baculovirus vector expression system. RhTRAP from Sf9 culture medium was purified by cation exchange chromatography, gel filtration and affinity chromatography. The molecular mass and amino acid composition of the rhTRAP were consistent with the deduced amino acid composition from the TRAP gene. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of rhTRAP was identical to that of TRAP purified from osteoclastoma and hairy cell leukemia spleen. The monoclonal antibodies generated against rhTRAP also reacted to human placental TRAP (pTRAP). The optimum pH of rhTRAP and pTRAP were pH 5.0-5.5 and pH 6.0-6.5, respectively. The enzymatic activities of rhTRAP and pTRAP were activated by reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and ascorbic acid. The activities of rhTRAP and pTRAP were enhanced by Fe2+ ions, but were inhibited by Fe3+ ions. The present results indicate that rhTRAP has similar properties to the native human TRAP, and suggest that the enhancement of TRAP activity by reducing agents might be expressed via the reduction of Fe ions at the metal center.
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PMID:Characterizations of recombinant human tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from osteosarcoma: comparison study between recombinant and placental proteins. 1183 17